1800s - 1800s Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century Decades: 1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s - 1800s - 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s Years: 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 Events and Trends Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803 - 1815). Semaphore is adopted by navies. World Leaders Emperor Napoleon I (France) Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire) Pope Pius VII Emperor Alexander I (Russia) King George III, (United Kingdom) President John Adams (United States) President Thomas Jefferson (United States).
Ketchup - dialect of China by way of the Malay word, kechap. Around the late seventeenth century the name and samples arrived in England where it appeared in print as catchup and then finally as ketchup. A recipe for tomato ketchup found its way over the Atlantic and the rest is history. Ketchup in the 1800s referred to any sauce made with vinegar. In 1981, Ronald Reagan's budget director, David Stockman, proposed classifying ketchup as a vegetable as part of Reagan's budget cuts for federally financed school lunch programs (it would make it cheaper to satisfy the requirements on vegetable content of lunches). The suggestion was widely ridiculed and the proposal was killed. The basic recipe for modern ketchup is tomatoes, vinegar, sugar, salt, allspice, cloves and cinnamon. Onions, celery and other spices.
King's Royal Rifle Corps - was not changed until after the Napoleonic Wars; first to The Duke of York's Own Rifle Corps and then in 1830 to the King's Royal Rifle Corps. In 1858 the Rifle Depot at Winchester was made their headquarters. During the rest of the 1800s the unit was active in China, Canada, Afghanistan, India, Burma and South Africa. In World War I the unit was expanded to twenty-two battalions and saw much action on the Western Front. Over 12,000 soldiers of the regiment were killed while eight members won VCs and over 2000 further decorations were awarded. After 1918 the unit returned to garrison duties in India, Palestine and Ireland. In 1926 the regiment was reorganised as one of the first mechanized infantry regiments. In World War II after initial deployment to.
King Mob - the slogan His Majesty King Mob on the walls of Newgate prison in London during the 1800s. King Mob allegedly planned a series of audacious actions that included blowing up a waterfall in England’s Lake District, blowing up the poet Wordsworth’s house with Coleridge Lives graffiti and hanging peacocks in London’s Holland Park. However these were never carried out. The plan that did get put into action was based on Black Mask’s ‘mill-in at Macy’s.’ King Mob turned up at the Selfriges store in London with one of them dressed as Santa Claus and proceeded to give away all the store’s toys to children. The police were called and the children made to give the toys back. King Mob also produced the King Mob Echo which celebrated killers like Jack The.
Jane Austen - Addison's Disease, the cause of which was then unknown. She travelled to Winchester to seek a cure, but died there and is buried in the cathedral. While her first novel, the posthumously published Northanger Abbey, pokes fun at the Gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe, Austen is most famous for her later works, which took the form of socially conscious comedies of errors. These, especially Emma, are often cited for their perfection of form, while modern critics continue to unearth new perspectives on Austen's keen commentary on the predicament of young, unmarried, upper-class English women in the early 1800s. The order in which she began and completed her novels is different from that of publication. Her novels were fairly well received when they were published, with Sir Walter Scott, in particular, praising.
Jacob Westervelt - Aaron Westervelt (1800-?) was a shipbuilder in the mid-1800s, and a mayor of New York City 1853 - 1855. He was born in Bergen County, New Jersey, and went to sea at an early age, but was then apprenticed to the shipbuilder Christian Bergh. When Bergh retired in 1833 (or 1835?), he left the business to his two sons, Westervelt, and Richard Carnley, and later Westervelt bought out the partners to become sole owner. Later he partered with a MacKay (not to be confused with Donald McKay) to form "Westervelt & MacKay", and still later with his sons Daniel and Aaron. His shipyard produced United States Navy ships such as the screw sloop USS Brooklyn, and many other steamships, and also clipper ships, such as the Hornet, N.B. Palmer, Sweepstakes, and.
Jewish principles of faith - and how God is all powerful and all good, given the existence of evil in the world, particularly the Holocaust. God is personal, and cares about humanity Harold Kushner, a Conservative rabbi, writes that "God shows His love for us by reaching down to bridge the immense gap between Him and us. God shows His love for us by inviting us to enter into a Covenant (Brit) with Him, and by sharing with us His Torah". Hasidism seems to endorse this view to some degree. On the other hand, Maimonides and most other medieval Jewish philosophers rejected the idea of a personal God. Names of God The different names of God are ways to express different aspects of God's presence in the world. See the entry on The name of God.
Jean Baptiste Biot - was a French physicist and mathematician who in the early 1800s studied the relationship between electrical current and magnetism (see Biot-Savart's Law), as well as the polarisation of light passing through chemical solutions. He was the first person to discover the optical difference of mica, and therefor the mineral biotite was named after him. In 1804 he made a hot-air balloon ascent with Joseph Gay-Lussac to a height of five kilometres in an early investigation of the Earth's atmosphere..
Villanelle - a traditional poem from which entered English-language poetry in the late 1800s from the imitation of French models. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Derivation 2 Form 3 Example 4 The Villanelle in English 5.
Jian - include folding, inserted alloys, and differential hardening of the edge. Some early Chinese Dao (saber) (single-edged swords of various forms) closely resemble Katana. Effective use of the Jian required considerable skill based on good training and long practice. Even in early centuries, Jian were largely surplanted by Dao on the battlefield. The Dao were easier and deadlier to use for the average soldier or civilian. The straight-bladed jian became largely relegated to a weapon for personal defense, training, ceremony, and decoration. The martial arts of China (Kung Fu) still train with Jian. Today, few historical Jian survive due to a time in the 1800s when a Chinese Emperor decreed the destruction of all weapons outside of his own armies. Contemporary Jian versions are often forged (shaped with heat and hammer) and.
Joseph Shearin - Virginia, into what is now North Carolina, as documented in the records from when the boundary line between the two states was surveyed -- it went across their lands -- and from the American Revolutionary War pensions (now the 1790 U.S. Census records). Two Shearins (Aaron and John) signed the 1779 petition to create Warren County, North Carolina, east of Granville County on the Virginia border. The early Shearins had also acquired some slaves, who took the family name, so today there are African-American as well as Anglo-American branches of the Shearin family. By the 1800s, some members of the family had moved to Tennessee, although the majority of Shearins today are in or from the part of North Carolina north and east of Raleigh. A great number of the men.
John Murrell (bandit) - a legendary bandit operating in the United States along the Mississippi River in the mid-1800s, is almost in as much confusion as his name. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Accepted claims 2 Disputed claims 3 Modern Appearances 4 The Sources of Confusion 5.
John Murrell - John Murrell For information on John Murrell, the 1800s river bandit - John Murrell (bandit) For information on John Murrell, the 1990s author and playwright - John Murrell (playwright) This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page..
Ibn Battuta - dissolved into civil war, Abu Sa'id having died since his previous trip there. Returning to Damascus with the intention of retracing the route of his first hajj, he learned that his father had died. Death was the theme of the next year or so, for the Black Death had begun, and Ibn Battuta was on hand as it spread through Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. After reaching Makkah, he decided to return to Morocco, nearly a quarter century after leaving it. During the trip he made one last detour to Sardinia, then returned to Tangier to discover that his mother had also died, a few months before. Having settled in Tangier for all of a few days, Ibn Battuta then set out for a trip to al-Andalus -- Muslim Spain. Alfonso XI.
Ice cream cone - served, permitting it to be eaten without a bowl or spoon. History Paper and metal cones were used in the 1800s in France, Germany, and England for eating ice cream. The edible ice cream cone is popularly believed to have been invented in Saint Louis, Missouri in 1904 at the 1904 World's Fair, with the popular story being that a pastry maker came to the aid of a neighboring ice cream vendor who was running out of dishes by folding a waffle-like pastry into a cone that could hold ice cream. Numerous men who sold pastries at the World's Fair claimed to have been the inventor of the ice cream cone, citing numerous inspirations. However, some attribute its invention to a New Yorker named Italo Marchiony, who on December 13, 1903.
Immigration to the United States - been highest during times of economic growth for the United States. Early Immigration For example, early immigration laws prevented Asians and Africans from entering the USA legally (except as chattel in the latter case). For most Europeans, however, immigration was relatively free and unrestricted until the 1800s and the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The first laws restricted immigration by those who were not of Western European descent; later, as more Eastern European immigrants arrived and assimilated into American culture, laws restricting their numbers permitted to immigrate were eased. Historically, as various waves of immigrants settled in the United States and assimilated, rules regarding their cultural groups' entrance into the USA were eased. Modern Immigration Today, immigration is theoretically open to all persons not guilty of felonies or other serious crimes..
Immortal game (chess) - Immortal Game" in 1855 by the Australian Ernst Falkbeer. The immortal game has resurfaced in many unusual guises. The town of Marostica, Italy has replayed the immortal game with living persons every year, beginning on September 2, 1923. The position after the 20th move is on a 1984 stamp from Surinam. The final part of the game was used as an inspiration for the chess game in the movie Blade Runner in 1982, though the chessboards are not arranged exactly the same (in fact, in the movie Sebastian's and Tyrell's board do not even match each other). This game is an excellent demonstration of the style of chess play in the 1800s, where rapid development and attack were considered the most effective way to win, where many gambits and counter-gambits were.
Indian Ocean - ocean's volume is estimated to be 292,131,000 km³ (70,086,000 mi³). Small islands dot the continental rims. Island nations within the ocean are Madagascar (formerly Malagasy Republic), the world's fourth largest island; Comoros; Seychelles; Maldives; Mauritius; and Sri Lanka. Indonesia borders it. The ocean's importance as a transit route between Asia and Africa has made it a scene of conflict. Because of its size, however, no one nation had successfully dominated until the early 1800s when Britain controlled much of the surrounding land. Its strategic importance far outweighs the economic value of its minerals or marine life. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 ENVIRONMENT 1.1 Climate 1.2 Hydrology 2 Economy 3 History ENVIRONMENT The African, Indian, and Antarctic crustal plates converge in the Indian Ocean. Their junctures are marked by branches of the.
Indigo dye - its colonies in South America. Many indigo plantations were established by European powers in tropical climates; it was a major crop in Jamaica and South Carolina. However, France and Germany outlawed imported indigo in the 1500s to protect the local woad dye industry. In 1865 the German chemist Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer began working with indigo. His work culminated in the first synthesis of indigo in 1880 and the announcement of its chemical structure three years later. BASF developed a commercially feasible manufacturing process that was in use by 1897, and by 1913 natural indigo had been almost entirely replaced by synthetic indigo. In 2002, 17,000 tons of synthetic indigo were produced worldwide. Developments in dyeing technology Indigo is a challenging dye to use because it is not soluble.
Invasive species - external links Historical perspective Although it is assumed that invasive species have been a problem since man has been around to carry them, modern invasive species science began with the work of Charles Elton called The Ecology of Invasions, which was published in 1958. The next ground-breaking work dealing with the principles of invasions was Island Biogeography and Conservation Practice by Simberloff and Abele in 1976. There are several classic accounts of introduced species that have been causing problems for many decades. The sea lamprey began to make its way up into the Great Lakes Region when the St. Lawrence Seaway was completed in 1959, devastating the lake trout fishing industry. It continues to be a largely-controlled problem today, but costs millions in lamprecides, traps, physical barriers, and other control methods..
