Hindi literature - Hindi literature Some prominent figures of Hindi literature: Kabir (15th century) is known for his Granthavali which contains verses with love as the dominant motif. He was a major figure of the bhakti (devotional) movement. Goswami Tulasidas (1532-1623) is the greatest Hindi poet of the medieval period. His Ramcharitamanas which is a retelling of the Ramayana continues to be popular in India and the Caribbean. Bihari (1595-1664) became famous by writing Satasai (Seven Hundred Verses). Premchand (1880-1936) was a great novelist. Of his novels, Godan (The Gift of a Cow, 1936) is considered the best. In this book he sketches rural life in an unparalleled manner. Maithili Sharan Gupt (1886-1964) was a pioneer of 'Khari Boli' (plain dialect) poetry and the author of the epic Saket in.
Karl Krumbacher - the universities of Munich and Leipzig, and held the professorship of the middle age and modern Greek language and literature in the former from 1897 to his death. His greatest work is his Geschichte der byzantinischen Literatur von Justinian bis zum Ende des Ostroemischen Reiches (from Justinian to the fall of the Eastern Empire, 1453), a second edition of which was published in 1897, with the collaboration of A. Ehrhard (section on theology) and H Gelzer (general sketch of Byzantine history, AD 395-1453). The value of the work is greatly enhanced by the elaborate bibliographies contained in the body of the work and in a special supplement. Krumbacher also founded the Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892) and the Byzantinisches Archiv (1898). He travelled extensively and the results of a journey to Greece appeared.
Karl Pearson - scientific discipline in its own right. He founded the Department of Applied Statistics at University College London in 1911; it was the first university statistics department in the world. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 2 Awards from Professional Bodies 3 Contributions to Statistics 4 Publications 5 Other Useful Sites 6 Further Reading Biography Karl Pearson was born in London on the 27th March 1857. He was educated privately at University College School, after which he went to King's College, Cambridge to study mathematics. He then spent part of 1879 and 1880 studying medieval and 16th-century German literature at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg - in fact, he became sufficiently knowledgeable in this field that he was offered a post in the German department at Cambridge University. His next career.
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel - von Schlegel This entry is based on an article from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel (March 10, 1772 - January 11, 1829), German poet, critic and scholar, was the younger brother of August Wilhelm von Schlegel. He was born at Hanover. He studied law at Göttingen and Leipzig, but ultimately devoted himself entirely to literary studies. He published in 1797 the important book Die Griechen und Römer, which was followed by the suggestive Geschichte der Poesie der Griechen und Römer (1798). At Jena, where he lectured as a Privatdozent at the university, he contributed to the Athenaeum the aphorisms and essays in which the principles of the Romantic school are most definitely stated. Here also he wrote Lucinde (1799), an unfinished romance, which is interesting as an.
Karl Otfried Müller - He was educated partly in Breslau, partly in Berlin, where his enthusiasm for the study of Greek literature, art and history was fostered by the influence of Böckh. In 1817, after the publication of his first work, Aegineticorum liber, he received an appointment at the Magdaleneum in Breslau, and in 1819 he was made adjunct professor of ancient literature in the university of Göttingen, his subject being the archaeology and history of ancient art. His aim was to form a vivid conception of Greek life as a whole; and his books and lectures marked an epoch in the development of Hellenic studies. Müller's position at Göttingen being rendered unpleasant by the political troubles which followed the accession of Ernest Augustus (duke of Cumberland) to the throne of Hanover in 1837, he.
Karl Wilhelm Ramler - Halle, he went to Berlin, where, in 1748, he was appointed professor of logic and literature at the cadet school. In 1786 he became associated with the author, Johann Jakob Engel, in the management of the royal theatre, of which, after resigning his professorship, he became (1790-96) sole director. He died at Berlin. This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica..
Karl Friedrich Hermann - on his return from which he lectured as Privatdozent in Heidelberg. In 1833 he was called to Marburg as professor ordinarius of classica literature; and in 1842 he was transferred to Göttingen to the chair of philology and archaeology, vacant by the death of Otfried Müller. His knowledge of all branches of classical learning was profound, but he was chiefly distinguished for his works on Greek antiquities and ancient philosophy. Among these may be mentioned the Lehrbuch der griechischen Antiquitaten (new ed., 1889) dealing with political, religious and domestic antiquities; the Geschichte und System der Platonischen Philosophie (1839), unfinished; an edition of the Platonic Dialogues (6 vols., 1851-1853); and Culturgeschichte der Griechen und Römer (1857-1858), published after his death by CG Schmidt. He also edited the text of Juvenal and Persius.
Karl August Varnhagen von Ense - studied medicine at Berlin, but devoted more attention to philosophy and literature, which he afterwards studied more thoroughly at Halle and Tübingen. He began his literary career in 1804 as joint-editor with Adelbert von Chamisso. He made some reputation as an imaginative and critical writer, but he is famous chiefly as a biographer. He possessed a remarkable power of grouping facts so as to bring out their essential significance, and his style is distinguished for its strength, grace and purity. Among his principal works are: Goethe in den Zeugnissen der Mitlebenden (1824) Biographische Denkmale (5 vols., 1824-30; 3rd ed., 1872) biographies of General von Seydlits (1834), Sophia Charlotte, queen ot Prussia (1837), Field-Marshal Schwerin (1841), Field-Marshal Keith (1844), and General Billow von Dennewitz (1853). His Denkwürdigkeiten und vermischte Schriften appeared in.
Karl Joseph Simrock - he was expelled in 1830 for writing a poem in praise of the French July revolution. Afterwards he was admitted as lecturer at the university of Bonn, where in 1850 he was made a professor of Old German literature and in which city he died. Simrock established his reputation by his excellent modern rendering of the Nibelungenlied (1827), and of the poems of Walther von der Vogelweide (1833). Among other works translated by him into modern German were the Arme Heinrich of Hartmann von Aue (1830), the Parzival and Titurel of Wolfram von Eschenbach (1842), the Tristan of Gottfried of Strassburg (1855). and the Heldenbuch (1843-1849), which he supplemented with independent poems. Before the publication of this work he had shown an original poetical faculty in Wieland der Schmied (1835); and.
Khosrau I of Persia - Rome broke out about Armenia, in which Khosrau conquered the fortress Dara on the Euphrates, invaded Syria and Cappadocia, and returned with large booty. During the negotiations with the emperor Tiberius, Khosrau died in 579, and was succeeded by his son Hormizd IV. Although Khosrau had in the last years of his father extirpated the heretical and communistic Persian sect of the Mazdakites (see Kavadh). He was a sincere adherent of Zoroastrian orthodoxy and even ordered that the religion's holy text, the Avesta be codified, but he was not fanatical or prone to persecution. He tolerated every Christian confession. When one of his sons had rebelled about 550 and was taken prisoner, he did not execute him; nor did he punish the Christians who had supported him. He introduced a rational.
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia - 1893 - July 17, 1975) was a classic of Georgian literature of the 20th century and famous public benefactor, Academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, PhD of the Berlin University, Laureate of the Shota Rustaveli State Prize of Georgia. Life and works Konstantine Gamsakhurdia was born in 1893, in Abasha (Samegrelo region of Western Georgia). His father was Prince Svimon Gamsakhurdia. In 1911 he graduated from the Georgian Gimnasium of Kutaisi (Western Georgia) and in 1918 from the Berlin University (Germany). In 1918 he was member of the Board of the Constituent Society of the Tbilisi State University and in 1920-1924 Associate Professor of German literature of this University. In 1918-1919 Gamsakhurdia was the 1st Secretary of the Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Germany, in 1920 -.
J. W. L. Gleim - J. W. L. Gleim ---- This entry is based on an article from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim (April 2, 1719 - February 18, 1803) was a German poet. Gleim was born on the 2nd of April 1719 at Ermsleben, near Halberstadt. Having studied law at the university of Halle he became secretary to Prince William of Brandenburg-Schwedt at Berlin, where he made the acquaintance of Ewald von Kleist, whose devoted friend he became. When the prince fell at the battle of Prague, Gleim became secretary to Prince Leopold of Dessau; but he soon gave up his position, not being able to bear the roughness of the Old Dessauer. After residing a few years in Berlin he was appointed, in 1747, secretary of the cathedral chapter at.
January 29 - Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear testing. - La Fenice, the opera house of Venice, Italy, is destroyed by fire. 1998 - In Birmingham, Alabama a bomb explodes at an abortion clinic killing one and severely wounding another. Serial bomber Eric Robert Rudolph is suspected as the culprit. 2001 - Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals. Births 1688 - Emanuel Swedenborg, naturalist and theosophist (+ 1772) 1717 - Jeffrey Amherst, British Military leader (+ 1797) 1737 - Thomas Paine, patriot, radical, pamphleteer (+ 1809) 1749 - King Christian VII of Denmark (+ 1808) 1843 - William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (+ 1901 1860 - Anton Chekhov, playwright and short.
Jack London - lower-cost production of magazines. This resulted in a boom in popular magazines aimed at a wide public, and a strong market for short fiction. The first issue of The Atlantic Monthly contained Jack London's story, "An Odyssey of the North." In 1900, he made $2,500 in writing, the equivalent of about $50,000 today. His career was well under way. Accusations of plagiarism Jack London was accused of plagiarism numerous times during his career. He was vulnerable, not only because he was such a conspicuous and successful writer, but also because of his methods of working. In a letter to Elwyn Hoffman he wrote "expression, you see—with me—is far easier than invention." He purchased plots for stories and novels from the young Sinclair Lewis. And he used incidents from newspaper clippings as.
Jaroslav Hasek - business school. He worked briefly as a bank officer, but later preferred the liberated profession of a writer. Hašek made fun of everyone and everything, including himself. He cared nothing for style or schools of literature -- he considered his work a job, not art -- and wrote spontaneously. He made jokes not only on paper, but also in real life, angering many who considered him lazy, irresponsible, a vagabond, a drunkard, etc. In 1910 he married Jarmila Mayerová, herself an author, but when he was captured by the Russians during World War I, he married again in Russia. He became a Bolshevik commissar, but returned again to Prague after the war. Before the war, in 1911, he wrote his first stories about Svejk, but it was only after the war.
Jacques Necker - 1777 for that of director-general of the finances. He did great good in regulating the finances by attempting to divide the taille or poll tax more equally, by abolishing the vingtième d'industrie, and establishing monts de piété (establishments for loaning money on security). But his greatest financial measures were his attempt to fund the French debt and his establishment of annuities under the guarantee of the state. The operation of funding was too difficult to be suddenly accomplished, and Necker rather pointed out the right line to be followed than completed the operation. In all this he treated French finance rather as a banker than as a profound political economist, and thus fell far short of Turgot, who was the very greatest economist of his day. Politically he did not do.
Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert - Liskenne and Sauvan, Bibl. hisiorique et militaire, Paris, 1845). Of this work (for a detailed critique of which see Max Jahns, Gesch. d. Kriegswissenschaften, vol. iii. pp. 2058-2070 and references therein) it may be said that it was the best essay on war produced by a soldier during a period in which tactics were discussed even in the salon and military literature was more abundant than at any time up to 1871. Apart from technical questions, in which Guibert's enlightened conservatism stands in marked contrast to the doctrinaire progressiveness of Menil Durand, Folard and others, the book is chiefly valued for its broad outlook on the state of Europe, especially of military Europe in the period 1763-1792. One quotation may be given as being a most remarkable prophecy of the impending.
James Mill - a prominent part in the discussions which led to the foundation of London University in 1825. In 1814 he wrote a number of articles, containing an exposition of utilitarianism, for the supplement to the fifth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, the most important being those on "Jurisprudence," "Prisons" and "Government." In 1818 the History of India was published, and obtained a great and immediate success. It brought about a change in the author's position. The year following he was appointed an official in the India House, in the important department of the examiner of Indian correspondence. He gradually rose in rank till he was appointed, in 1830, head of the office, with a salary of £1900, raised in 1836 to £2000. His great work, the Elements of Political Economy, appeared in.
James Fitzjames Stephen - 1862, anonymous; Horae sabbaticae, 1892). These volumes embodied the results of his studies among publicists and theologians, chiefly English, from the 17th century onwards. They never professed to be more than the occasional products of an amateur's leisure, but they were of great value when they were first published. For three years (1858-1861) Stephen served as secretary to a royal commission on popular education, which was more fortunate than most commissions in having prompt effect given to its conclusions. In 1859 he was appointed recorder of Newark. In 1863 he published his General View of the Criminal Law of England (not altogether superseded by the second edition of 1890, which was practically a new book). This was really the first attempt that had been made since William Blackstone to explain the.
James Henry Leigh Hunt - always inoffensive; and in 1813, an attack on the Prince Regent, based on substantial truth, resulted in prosecution and a sentence of two years' imprisonment for each of the brothers. The cheerfulness and gaiety with which Leigh Hunt bore his imprisonment attracted general attention and sympathy, and brought him visits from Lord Byron, John Moore, Lord Brougham and others, whose acquaintance influenced his later career. In 1810-1811 he edited for his brother John a quarterly magazine, the Reflector, for which he wrote "The Feast of the Poets," a satire which gave offence to many contemporary poets, particularly William Gifford of the Quarterly. The essays afterwards published under the title of the Round Table (2 vols., 1816-1817), conjointly with William Hazlitt, appeared in the Examiner. In 1816 he made a permanent mark.
