Kazoo - used in Africa for hundreds of years, to disguise the sound of somebody's voice or to imitate animals, for example, often for ceremonial purposes. It was on such an instrument that the kazoo, invented by an African American named Alabama Vest in the 19th century in Macon, Georgia, is based. The first kazoo was manufactured to Vest's specifications by Thaddeus von Clegg, a German clockmaker in Macon. The kazoo was first publicized at the Georgia State Fair in 1852. The first metal kazoos were manufactured and patented in Eden, New York, where they are still made in the original factory. A temporary kazoo can be made by combining comb and tissue paper or wax paper. The kazoo is played professionally in jug bands and comedy music, and by amateurs everywhere. It.
Kaspar Hauser - - December 17, 1833) was a mysterious foundling in 19th century Germany with alleged ties to the royal house of Baden. In May 26 1828 a young boy appeared in the streets of Nürnberg (Nuremberg), Germany. He was wearing peasant clothing and could barely talk. His only documentation was a letter to the captain of the 4th squadron of the 6th cavalry regiment where the writer asked the captain to either take him or hang him. Shoemaker Weissman took the boy to the house of captain Wessenig where he could only repeat, "I want to be a rider like my father." Further demands resulted only in tears. He was taken to a police station where he would only write a name: Kaspar Hauser. A letter with him claimed that he was.
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel - neuen Literatur (1815). After his return to Vienna from Frankfurt he edited Concordia (1820-1823), and began the issue of his Sämtliche Werke. He also delivered lectures, which were republished in his Philosophie des Lebens (1828) and in his Philosophie der Geschichte (1829). He died on the 11th of January 1829 at Dresden. A permanent place in the history of German literature belongs to Friedrich Schlegel and his brother August Wilhelm as the critical leaders of the Romantic school, which derived from them most of its governing ideas as to the characteristics of the middle ages, and as to the methods of literary expression. Of the two brothers, Friedrich was unquestionably the more original genius. He was the real founder of the Romantic school; to him more than to any other member.
Karakoram - the most heavily glaciated part of the world outside of the polar regions. Due to its altitude and ruggedness, the Karakoram is much less inhabited than parts of the Himilayas further east. European explorers first visited early in the 19th century, followed by British surveyors starting in 1856. The Muztagh pass was crossed in 1887 by the expedition of Colonel Francis Younghusband and the valleys above the Hunza River were explored by George Cockerill in 1892. Explorations in the 1910s and 1920s established most of the geography of the region. Highest peaks The Karakoram's highest peaks include, among others: K2 (8,611 m) Gasherbrum I (8,068 m) Broad Peak (8,047 m) Gasherbrum II (8,035 m) Distaghil Sar (7,885 m) Masherbrum (7,821 m) Rakaposhi (7,788 m) Kanjut Sar (7,761 m) Saser Kangri (7,672.
Kamal - navigation device that determines latitude. The kamal was used primarily by the Chinese and Arabs in the 18th and 19th century. The kamal consists of a rectangular wooden card about 2 inches by 1 inch, to which a string with several equally spaced knots is attached through a hole in the middle of the card. The kamal is used by placing one end of the string in the teeth while the other end is held away from the body roughly parallel to the ground. The card is then moved along the string, positioned so the lower edge is even with the horizon, and the upper edge is occluding a target star, typically Polaris because its angle to the horizon does not change with longitude or time. The angle can then be.
Katar - effective in armour piercing. The blade was often folded or corrugated for additional strength. "Hooded katars" are katars with a shield extending over the back of the user's hand. Katars ceased being in common use in the 19th century..
Karakol - capital of the Issyk-Kul region. Population: 75,000. Initially a Russian military outpost, Karakol grew in the 19th century after explorers came to map the peaks and valleys separating Karakol from China (Karakol is 150km away from the Kyrgyz-Chinese border). In the 1880s Karakol's population surged with an influx of Dungans, Chinese Muslims fleeing persecution in China. In 1888, when the Russian explorer Przhevalsky died in Karakol of typhoid, whilst preparing for an expedition to Tibet, the city was renamed Przhevalsk in his honor. After local protests, the town was given its original name back in 1921 - a decision reversed in 1939. Karakol then remained Przhevalsk until the fall of the Soviet Union..
Karelian language - the Finno-Ugric languages, and is chiefly distinguished from standard Finnish by the lack of influence from modern 19th and 20th century Finnish. The Karelian language does not have a standard written form. Karelian has three main dialects: Karelian Proper, Olonets and Ludic. The latter is sometimes classified as a dialect of Veps. The Karelian language is by Finns usually considered a dialect of Finnish, as it is perceived to differ only slightly from standard-Finnish. Others, for instance many foreign linguists and some people in Estonia and Russia, consider the Karelian variety a language of its own (although almost extinct), similarly to how the dialects of Ingria by Finns often are considered dialects of Finnish-proper, but in Estonia often are considered languages of their own; and also similarly to Meänkieli. As it.
Katharevousa - century by Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). A graduate of the university of Montpellier in 1788, Korais spent most of his life as an expatriate in Paris. A classical scholar, Korais was repelled by the Byzantine influence in Greek society and was a fierce critic of the ignorance of the clergy and their subservience to the Ottoman Empire. He realized that education was a precursor to Greek liberation. The 'purified' Greek was to be the midpoint between Ancient Greek and Modern (of that time). Katharevousa actually contained archaicised forms of modern words, purged of 'non-Greek' vocabulary from other European languages and Turkish and a simplified, archaic grammar. The purpose of its creation was to mediate the struggle between the 'archaists' (those scholars who preferred Ancient Greek to Modern) and the 'modernists' (those who.
Venus (planet) - for the most part). Recent findings suggest that Venus is still volcanically active in isolated geological hot spots. Venus has no magnetic field, possibly due to its slow rotation being insufficient to drive an internal dynamo of liquid iron. As a result, the solar wind impacts directly on Venus's upper atmosphere. It is thought that Venus originally had as much water as Earth, but that under the Sun's assault water vapor in the upper atmosphere was split into hydrogen and oxygen, with the hydrogen escaping into space due to its low molecular mass; the ratio of hydrogen to deuterium (a heavier isotope of hydrogen which doesn't escape as quickly) in Venus's atmosphere seems to support this theory. Venus was once thought to possess a moon, named Neith after the mysterious goddess.
Kandy - Kandy Valley crosses an area of tropical plantations. Historical Function : Administration and religion. Administrative Status: Chief city of the Province of Kandy. Foundation: 14th century Population : 1,272,463 (2001 census) History In the 6th century BC, Indo-Europeans from the Ganges Valley invaded Sri Lanka. Ancestors of the Sinhalese, they ruled the island for more than 2,000 years. Beginning in the 3rd century BC, the country was converted to a pure form of Indian Buddhism that would continue to be practised in the future. The famous tooth of Buddha, a relic symbolising a 4th-century tradition that is often linked to royalty, was brought to Sri Lanka. From this time on, the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth have been associated with the administrative and religious functions of Sri Lanka's.
Karl Friedrich Schinkel - work and his architectual drafts as for the relatively few buildings that were actually executed. Maybe his merits are best shown in his unexecuted plans for the transformation of the Acropolis into a royal palace and for the erection of the Orianda Palace in the Crimea. These and other designs may be studied in his Sammlung architektonischer Entwürfe (1820-1837) and his Werke der höheren Baukunst (1840-1842; 1845-1846). It has been speculated, however, that due to the difficult political circumstances – French occupation and later the dependency on less-than-capable Prussian kings – and his relatively early death, which prevented him from seeing the explosive German industrialization in the second half of the 19th century, he did not even live up to his true potential exhibited by his sketches..
Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit - is a set of laws developed by Lekë Dukagjini and used mostly in northern Albania from the 15th century until the 20th century and revived recently after the fall of the communist regime in the early 1990s. This set of laws was a customary one, passed down through the generations, and not codified and written down until the 19th century by Shtjefën Gjeçov. Although Kanuni is attributed to the Albanian prince Lekë Dukagjini, the rules evolved over time as a way to bring laws and rule to these lands. The code was divided into several sections: Church, Family, Marriage, House, Livestock and Property, Work, Transfer of Property, Spoken Word, Honor, Damages, Law Regarding Crimes, Judicial Law, and Exemptions and Exceptions. Some of the most infamous rules specified how murder was supposed.
Karl Heinrich Ulrichs - family and friends that he was, in his own word, a Uranian. He also wrote a statement of legal and moral support for a man arrested for homosexual offences. This was the first public "coming out" and the first recorded incident of gay rights activism. The idea of gay and lesbian rights originated in Germany, which in the 19th century was the most socially and scientifically advanced country in the world. In 1869 the Austrian writer Karl-Maria Kertbeny coined the word "homosexual", and from the 1870s the subject of sexual orientation (as we would now say) was widely discussed. Ulrichs invented a new word, Uranism, to describe male homosexual desire. ("Uranian" comes from the Greek uranos (heaven), and is a reference to Plato's theory of the two gods of love: Pandemian.
Kasimir Felix Graf von Badeni - The ordinance declared "that Czech and German should be the languages of the 'inner service' throughout Bohemia." This meant that civil servants in the province of Bohemia would have to know both Czech and German, since government business would be conducted in both languages for internal Bohemian affairs. Germans in Bohemia were outraged since this effectively excluded them from government jobs; Czechs learned German in school, but Germans had been forbidden from learning "provincial languages" in school by the diet. Late 19th century Germans in Austria-Hungary, a general rule, wanted the Empire to maintain its essentially German character, so they resisted the demands of the other nationalities for recognition of their languages. The oridinance was seen as the "last straw" in a series of concessions by Germans. Badeni was not prepared.
Kerckhoffs' law - assumption or Kerckhoffs' principle) was stated by Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th Century: A cryptosystem should be designed to be secure if everything is known about it except the key information. It was reformulated (perhaps independently) by Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system". In that form it is called Shannon's Maxim. Since the advent of open source software development, these principles have increasingly been used to ground arguments for it (and against "security through obscurity"). Kerckhoffs' principle was one of six design principles laid down by Kerchoffs for military ciphers. Kerckhoffs' original six cipher design principles were: (in French) 1° Le système doit être matériellement, sinon mathématiquement, indéchiffrable ; 2° Il faut qu'il n'exige pas le secret, et qu'il puisse sans inconvénient tomber entre les mains de l'ennemi ;.
Key (music) - minor mode. Other modes are also possible, for example: dorian, phrygian, lydian, but most popular music uses either the major (Ionian) and minor (aeolian) modes. 18th and 19th century music also tends to focus on these modes. The major mode has half-steps between scale steps 3 and 4 and 7 and 8. The natural minor mode has half-steps between 2 and 3 and 5 and 6. What a key designates to a performer is the scale in which all the diatonic notes of the piece lie. This is slightly more complicated in a minor key, because the pitch of the sixth and seventh scale degrees in a minor key can change depending on their harmonic context. The primary key of a piece of music is indicated at the beginning of the.
Veghel - Meierij of 's-Hertogenbosch. As a catholic village Veghel suffered economic and religious oppression from the protestant Dutch (as did all the former Brabant and Limburg (Netherlands) areas who came to the Netherlands by the peace of Munster) and belonged to the Dutch military boundary areas. It wasn't until the French wars of 1795 that Veghel became a free village again and was guaranted all common rights by the Dutch government. Since 1810 part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Since the mid 19th century the agrarian village was developing into an industrial village as a result of the new Zuid-Willemsvaart canal. Since that time erection of monumental buildings like the neogothic basilica and the neoclassical city hall. Monastic orders made Veghel into a regional center of health care and education, what.
Kentish Town - kentisston. By 1456 Kentish Town was recognised as a thriving hamlet, and in this period a chapel of ease is recorded as being built for the inhabitants. The early 19th century brought a lot of modernisation, causing a lot of the area's rural charm, the River Fleet and the 18th century buildings to vanish. Between the availability of public transport to it from London, and its urbanisation, it was a popular resort. Large amounts of land were purchased to build the railway, which can still be seen today. Kentish Town was a prime site for development as the Kentish Town Road was the main route for the growing city of London to the North. 1877 saw the beginning of mission work in the area as it was then poor. The mission.
Key West, Florida - transferred to the United States, Salas sold the island to US businessman John Simonton for $2,000 in 1821. Simonton divided the island into plots and sold some of them. There was already a town on a part of the island, with the inhabitants recognizing the authority of no nation. Simonton lobbied the U.S. Government to establish a naval base on the island, both to take advantage of the island's strategic location and to bring law and order to the town. In 1823 Commodore David Porter of the United States Navy West Indies Anti-Pirate Squadron took charge of Key West, which he ruled (according to some, exceeding his authority) as military dictator under martial law. Major industries in Key West in the early 19th century included fishing, salt production, and most famously.
