31st century BC - 31st century BC (32nd century BC - 31st century BC - 30th century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events: 3000 BC - Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt, and a new capital is erected at Memphis. Significant persons: Ur-nina first king of Lagash in Mesopotamia Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions: Chinese ideograms Drainage and sewage system in India Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumeria Pyramids in Ancient Egypt Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons. Crude writing existed in Egypt, and cuneiform writing was invented in Mesopotamia..
30th century BC - 30th century BC (31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events: 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt 2900 BC - Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia. Significant persons: Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions: The shekal was introduced in Mesopotamia as a monetary and weight unit, see Historical weights and measures..
32nd century BC - 32nd century BC (33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - 31st century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events: Egypt: Start of First Dynasty Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland Significant persons: Menes, unites Egypt into the Old Kingdom and founds Memphis, Egypt as his new capital. Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions:.
4th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - other millennia Events: City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). Naqada culture on the Nile, 4000-3000 BC. Civilization of Crete (38th century BC). Civilization of Sumeria, cities-state (36th century BC). First to Fourth dynasty of Kish in Mesopotamia. Beginning of desertification of Sahara ( 35th century BC). Unification of Egypt, 3100 BC. Significant persons: Ötzi the Iceman lived circa 3300 BC. Ur-nina first king of Lagash in Mesopotamia (31st century BC). Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions Beginings of urbanisation in Mesopotamia with the Sumerians. First cities in Egypt (35th century BC). First writings in the cities of Uruk and Susa (cuneiform writings). Hieroglyphs in Egypt. Potter's wheel used in Middle East. Sails used in.
History of the Levant - present-day nations and states. The Stone age The earliest known permanent settlements in the Levant were established by the Natufian culture. The Bronze age The first cities started developing in southern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC. With these ties of religion began to replace ties of kinship as the basis for society. Each city had a patron god, worshipped in a massive central temple called a ziggurat, and was ruled by a priest-king (ishakku). Society became more segmented and specialized and capable of coordinated projects like irrigation and warfare. Along with cities came a number of advances in technology. By around the 31st century BC, writing, the wheel, and other such innovations had been introduced. By now the Sumerian Peoples of south Mesopotamia were all organized into a variety of.
Centuries - contain the trends of millennia and centuries. The individual century pages contain lists of decades and years. See also History for different organizations of historical events. For earlier time periods see cosmological timeline, geologic timescale, evolutionary timeline, pleistocene, and palaeolithic. 10th millennium BC 9th millennium BC 8th millennium BC 7th millennium BC 6th millennium BC 5th millennium BC Millennium Century 4th BC 40th BC 39th BC 38th BC 37th BC 36th BC 35th BC 34th BC 33rd BC 32nd BC 31st BC 3rd BC 30th BC 29th BC 28th BC 27th BC 26th BC 25th BC 24th BC 23rd BC 22nd BC 21st BC 2nd BC 20th BC 19th BC 18th BC 17th BC 16th BC 15th BC 14th BC 13th BC 12th BC 11th BC 1st BC 10th BC 9th.
Timeline of invention - Significant inventions not assigned 2 Significant inventions, arranged in chronological order 2.1 8th millennium BC 2.2 7th millennium BC 2.3 4th millennium BC 2.3.1 33rd century BC 2.3.2 31st century BC 2.4 3rd millennium BC 2.4.3 27th century BC 2.5 23rd century BC 2.6 22nd century BC 2.7 21st century BC 2.8 19th century BC 2.9 18th century BC 2.10 16th century BC 2.11 15th century BC 2.12 10th century BC 2.13 7th century BC 2.14 460s BC 2.15 410s BC 2.16 400s BC 2.17 350s BC 2.18 220s BC 2.19 150s BC 2.20 100s BC 2.21 1-99 2.22 100-199 2.23 200-299 2.24 300-399 2.25 400-499 2.26 500-599 2.27 600-699 2.28 700-799 2.29 800-899 2.30 900-999 2.31 1000-1099 2.32 1100-1099 2.33 1200-1299 2.34 1300-1399 2.35 1400-1499 2.36 1500-1599 2.37 1600-1699 2.38.
Kali Yuga - began at the end of Krishna's bodily lifespan near the end of the 15th century BC and will last exactly 432,000 years - placing its conclusion near the middle of the 431st millennium AD. Kalki, the 10th and final avatar of Vishnu, is expected to appear at this time, riding a white horse and wielding a flaming sword with which to strike down the wicked. Kali Yuga is the last of 4 Yugas; upon its conclusion, the world will "reboot" into a new Satya Yuga (Golden Age.) This involves the end of the world as we know it and the return of the earth to a state of paradise. See also Metrics of time in Hinduism.
Kaunas - was sometimes seen with its Russian name Kovno. History At the place of current Kaunas oldtown, at confluence of two large rivers, people lived already 10th century BC. The town was first mentioned in written sources in 1361. In 13th century stone wall was built to protect from constant Teutonic Knights attacks. At 1408 the town was provided with Magdeburg Rights. Then Kaunas started to grow, as an important city at trade route intersections and river port. In 1441 Kaunas signed Hansa treaty and had Hansa merchant office opened. Already in 16th century Kaunas had public school, hospital, drugstore and was one of best formed towns in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The 17th and 18th centuries were unfortunate for Kaunas. In 1665 Russian army attacked the city several times. In 1701.
Kavala - prefecture. It is prettily situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos. It was originally founded by settlers from Paros in about the 6th century BC, who called it Neapolis ("new city"). Gold mines in the Pangaion hills nearby made it prosperous. It became a Roman civitas in 168 BC, and was a base for Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, before their defeat in the Battle of Philippi. The Apostle Paul landed at Kavala on his first voyage to Europe, and in Byzantine times the city was renamed Christoupolis. Kavala was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1371 to 1912. Mehmet Ali was born here in 1769. Some of it's most recognisable landmarks is a Venecian castle, in the hill of Panagia, and an aquaduct built.
Kalidas - life are disputed. Some Indian scholars believe he existed around 1st Century BC, but others believe that his works may have been written around the middle of the 4th and 5th centuries A.D, during the reigns of Chandragupta Vikramaditya, and his successor, Kumaaragupta. He was one of the so-called nine gems of Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain. The earlier claim pointing to his existence around 1st century BC, is supported by his play on the Shunga king Agnimitra who belonged to that period. It is very unlikely that he would have made this obscure king the hero of his play unless he belonged to that period. The Vikrama calendar also begins with 58-57 BC. However, not much is known about his personal life and background, though there are several legends and tales.
Venus (planet) - a molten rocky mantle making up the majority of the planet. Recent results from the Magellan gravity data indicate that Venus's crust is stronger and thicker than had previously been assumed. It is theorized that Venus does not have mobile plate tectonics like Earth does, but instead undergoes massive volcanic upwellings at regular intervals that inundate its surface with fresh lava; the oldest features present on Venus seem to be only around 800 million years old, with most of the terrain being considerably younger (though still not less than several hundred million years for the most part). Recent findings suggest that Venus is still volcanically active in isolated geological hot spots. Venus has no magnetic field, possibly due to its slow rotation being insufficient to drive an internal dynamo of liquid.
Kandy - Kandy Valley crosses an area of tropical plantations. Historical Function : Administration and religion. Administrative Status: Chief city of the Province of Kandy. Foundation: 14th century Population : 1,272,463 (2001 census) History In the 6th century BC, Indo-Europeans from the Ganges Valley invaded Sri Lanka. Ancestors of the Sinhalese, they ruled the island for more than 2,000 years. Beginning in the 3rd century BC, the country was converted to a pure form of Indian Buddhism that would continue to be practised in the future. The famous tooth of Buddha, a relic symbolising a 4th-century tradition that is often linked to royalty, was brought to Sri Lanka. From this time on, the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth have been associated with the administrative and religious functions of Sri Lanka's.
Kameiros - was built on three levels. At the top of the hill was the Acropolis, with the temple complex of Athena Kameiras and the Stoa. A covered reservoir, with a capacity of 600 cubic meters of water, enough for up to 400 families, was constructed about the sixth century B.C. Later, the Stoa was built over the reservoir. The Stoa consisted of two rows of Doric columns with rooms for shops or lodgings in the rear. The main settlement was on the middle terrace, consisting of a grid of parallel streets and residential blocks. On the lower terrace are found a Doric Temple, probably to Apollo; the Fountain House, with the Agora in front of it; and Peribolos of the Altars, which contained dedications to various deities. During the prehistoric period the.
Kabaah - Uxmal. Portion of "Temple of the Masks" fascade as drawn by Catherwood The name "Kabah" or "Kabaah" is usually taken to be archaic Maya language for "strong hand". This is a Pre-Columbian name for the site, mentioned in Maya chronicles. An alternative name is Kabahaucan or "Royal snake in the hand". The area was inhabited by the mid 3rd century BC. Most of the architecture now visible was built between the 7th century and the 11th century. A sculputed date on a doorjam of one of the buildings gives the date 879, probably around the city's height. Another inscribed date is one of the latest carved in the Maya Classic style, in 987. Kabaah was abandoned or at least no new ceremonial architecture built for several centuries before the Spanish conquest.
Kerameikon - "inner Kerameikos" was the former "potter's quarter" of the city and the "outer Kerameikos" covers the cemetery and the also the "demosion sema" (a public burial monument) where Pericles delivered his funeral oration in 431 BC. The cemetery was also where the procession to Eleusis began during the Eleusinian mysteries. A plague pit and approximately 1000 tombs from the 4th and 5th century BC were discovered during excavations for a subway station just outside the cemetery. Thucydides describes the panic caused by the plague, which struck Athens and Sparta in 430 BC, lasting for two years, killing a third of the population. He wrote that bodies were abandoned in temples and streets, to be subsequently collected and hastily buried. The disease reappeared in the winter of 427 BC. The Greek archaeologist.
Vere Gordon Childe - the past to inform him, he should be drawn to an overarching theory of hsitory which explained everything as a result of the changes in the modes of production. It was clear that early humans were hunter gatherers, and that civilisation had arisen when they had first developed agriculture and then concentrated populations in cities. Further developmemts in civilisation (Childe did concentrate his attention on Europe and the Near East, despite the occasional excursus) could be explained with reference to the changes in technology that occurred, which were accessible from the archaeological record. Childe was unusual in emphasising the Hellenistic period as the apex of Graeco-Roman civilisation, rather than the world of Athens in the 5th century BC, or that of the Roman Empire. In the Hellenized eastern Mediterranean, and particularly.
Khwarezmia - Early history 2 Classical times 3 Middle Ages 4 Reference 5 External Link Early history According to Tolstov, the first inhabitants of the area were Hurrians from the area of Transcaucasian Iberia and he explains the etymology of Chorezm as Hurri-Land. The first two names of rulers we have for the area are Sijavus c.1300BC (?synonymous with Afrasiab c.1100 BC) and Aurvat-Aspa usually placed in the late 600s BC though dating is very difficult. Classical times When the king of Khwarezmia offered friendship to Alexander the Great in 328 BC, Alexander's Greek and Roman biographers imagined the nomad king of a desert waste, but 20th century Russian archeologists revealed Khiva as a stable and centralized kingdom, a land of agriculture to the east of the Aral Sea, surrounded by the nomads.
Kingdom of Judah - capital of the new kingdom (Joshua 18:28), which was called the kingdom of Judah. For the first sixty years the kings of Judah aimed at re-establishing their authority over the kingdom of the other ten tribes, so that there was a state of perpetual war between them. For the next eighty years there was no open war between them. For the most part they were in friendly alliance, co-operating against their common enemies, especially against Damascus. For about another century and a half Judah had a somewhat checkered existence after the termination of the kingdom of Israel till its final overthrow in the destruction of the temple (586 BC) by Nebuzar-adan, who was captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard (2 Kings 25:8-21). The kingdom maintained a separate existence for three hundred and eighty-nine.
Kings of Macedon - people who were seen by the Greeks themselves as close kin. It emerged into prominence in the 4th Century BC when King Philip II conquered the Greek city-states. Philip's son, Alexander the Great, conquered the Persian Empire a few few years later. The Kingdom of Macedon itself soon lost direct control of these vast Asian territories, but it retained its hegemony over Greece itself until defeated by the Romans in the Macedonian Wars (215 - 148 BC). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Argead Dynasty 2 Antipatrid Dynasty 3 Antigonid Dynasty Argead Dynasty Karanus Koinos Tyrimmas Perdiccas I Aeropus I Alcetas I Amyntas I Alexander I Perdiccas II Archelaus Craterus (ruled for 4 days) Orestes Aeropus II Amyntus II Pausanias Amyntas III Alexander II Ptolemy I of Macedon (also known as Ptolemy.
