Acropolis - Acropolis Acropolis in Athens () Acropolis (Gr. akros, top, polis, city), literally the upper part of a town. For purposes of defence early settlers naturally chose elevated ground, frequently a hill with precipitous sides, and these early citadels became in many parts of the world the nuclei of large cities which grew up on the surrounding lower ground. The word Acropolis, though Greek in origin and associated primarily with Greek towns (Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth), may be applied generically to all such citadels (Rome, Jerusalem, Celtic Bratislava, many in Asia Minor, or even Castle Hill at Edinburgh). The most famous is that of Athens, which, by reason of its historical associations and the famous buildings erected upon it, is generally known without qualification as the.
Acropolis, Athens - Acropolis, Athens The Acropolis of Athens can be considered as the most representative of the Greek acropolises. It is a flat-topped rock which rises 512 feet above sea level in the city of Athens, Greece. It was also known as Cecropia in honor of the legendary snake-man, Cecrops, the first Athenian king. There is archaeological evidence of occupation and use in the Achaean period when a palace stood there. During that time, it was surrounded by a thick wall (between 4.50 and 6 meters) consisting of two paraments built with large blocks made of stones cemented with an earth mortar called emplekton. The main entrance was facing west. To the north-east there was a secondary entrance, reachable through a stair of about fifteen steps carved in.
New Acropolis - New Acropolis New Acropolis (NA) is a worldwide cultural and philosophical organisation. It is registered as an international non-profit organisation, founded in 1957. Main themes of NA values are: Fraternity Respect for all people of the world and their traditions Pursuit of wisdom Examples of educational programs offered by NA: Introduction to Philosophy and Metaphysics New Acropolis has centres in 45 coutnries all over the world, including: USA Greece.
Karl Friedrich Schinkel - style that was linked to the earlier French occupiers. His most famous buildings are found in and around Berlin. These include the Schauspielhaus (1819-1821) at the Gendarmenmarkt, which replaced the earlier theater that was destroyed by fire in 1817, and the "Old" Museum (see photo) on Museum Island (1823-1830). Schinkel, however, is noted as much for his theoretical work and his architectual drafts as for the relatively few buildings that were actually executed. Maybe his merits are best shown in his unexecuted plans for the transformation of the Acropolis into a royal palace and for the erection of the Orianda Palace in the Crimea. These and other designs may be studied in his Sammlung architektonischer Entwürfe (1820-1837) and his Werke der höheren Baukunst (1840-1842; 1845-1846). It has been speculated, however, that.
Kameiros - It is the heart of an agricultural region, and constituted one of three city states on Rhodes. The city was built on three levels. At the top of the hill was the Acropolis, with the temple complex of Athena Kameiras and the Stoa. A covered reservoir, with a capacity of 600 cubic meters of water, enough for up to 400 families, was constructed about the sixth century B.C. Later, the Stoa was built over the reservoir. The Stoa consisted of two rows of Doric columns with rooms for shops or lodgings in the rear. The main settlement was on the middle terrace, consisting of a grid of parallel streets and residential blocks. On the lower terrace are found a Doric Temple, probably to Apollo; the Fountain House, with the Agora in.
Kerameikon - Kerameikos is the name of the deme or part of Athens to the northwest of the Acropolis and includes an extensive area both within and outside of the city walls. The "inner Kerameikos" was the former "potter's quarter" of the city and the "outer Kerameikos" covers the cemetery and the also the "demosion sema" (a public burial monument) where Pericles delivered his funeral oration in 431 BC. The cemetery was also where the procession to Eleusis began during the Eleusinian mysteries. A plague pit and approximately 1000 tombs from the 4th and 5th century BC were discovered during excavations for a subway station just outside the cemetery. Thucydides describes the panic caused by the plague, which struck Athens and Sparta in 430 BC, lasting for two years, killing a third of.
Knidos - was formed into two harbours, of which the larger, or southern, was further enclosed by two strongly-built moles that are still in good part entire. The extreme length of the city was little less than a mile, and the whole intramural area is still thickly strewn. with architectural remains. The walls, both insular and continental, can be traced throughout their whole circuit; and in many places, especially round the acropolis, at the northeast corner of the city, they are remarkably perfect. Our knowledge of the site is largely due to the mission of the Dilettanti Society in 1812, and the excavations executed by C T Newton in 1857-1858. The agora, the theatre, an odeum, a temple of Dionysus, a temple of the Muses, a temple of Aphrodite and a great number.
Ionia - But it was not till the reign of Croesus (560 - 545 BC) that the cities of Ionia successively fell under Lydian rule. The defeat of Croesus by Cyrus was followed by the conquest of all the Ionian cities. These became subject to the Persian monarchy with the other Greek cities of Asia. In this position they enjoyed a considerable amount of autonomy, but were for the most part subject to local despots, most of whom were creatures of the Persian king. It was at the instigation of one of these despots, Histiaeus of Miletus, that in about 500 BC the principal cities ignited the Ionic Revolt against Persia. They were at first assisted by the Athenians, with whose aid they penetrated into the interior and burnt Sardis, an event which.
Izamal - away in all directions). The first is a great pyramid to the Maya Sun God, Kinch Kak Mo, with a base covering over 2 acres of ground and a volume of some 700,000 cubic meters. Atop this grand base is a pyramid of 10 levels. (A great stucco mask still existed on one side as recently as the 1840s, and a drawing of it by Frederick Catherwood was published by John Lloyd Stephens.) The second structure is the so called "acropolis", known anciently as Popol Chac, a large man-made mound probably built up over several centuries and originally supporting city palaces and temples. After the Spanish conquest of Yucatán in the 16th century a Spanish colonial city was founded atop the existing Maya one, however it was decided that it would.
Hephaestus - Zeus' solo birth of Athena. He was worshipped in all the manufacturing and industrial centers of Greece, especially Athens. He was also associated with Mount Etna in Sicily. In Athens there was a Temple of Hephaestus and Athena called the Hephaesteum or Theseum, located at the foot of the Acropolis. Hephaestus, along with Athena Ergane (patron of craftsman and artisans), were honored at a festival called Chalceia on the thirtieth day of Pyanopsion. The Zeus and Hera strain of stories holds that Hephaestus split Zeus' head open with a hammer thus releasing Athena. Either way, in Greek thought, the fates of the goddess of war (Athena) and the god of the forge that makes the weapons of war (or at least their births) were linked. Hephaestus also crafted many of Athena's.
Herse - to never open it. Aglaulus and Herse opened the box which contained the infant and future-king, Erichthonius. The sight caused Herse and Aglaulus to go insane and they threw themselves off the Acropolis. An alternative version of the same story is that, while Athena was gone bring a mountain from Pallena to use in the Acropolis, the sisters, minus Pandrosus again, opened the box. A crow witnessed the opening and flew away to tell Athena, who fell into a rage and dropped the mountain (now Mt. Lykabettos). Once again, Herse and Aglaulus went insane and threw themselves to their deaths off a cliff. Hermes loved Herse but a jealous Aglaulus stood between them and refused to move. Hermes changed her to stone. Cephalus was the son of Hermes and Herse..
Heliodorus - the Temple in Jerusalem in order to take its treasure, but was turned back by three angels. Heliodorus of Athens wrote fifteen books on the Acropolis of Athens, possibly about 150 BC. Another Heliodorus was a metrist in the 1st century AD who did work on the comedies of Aristophanes. He was the principal authority used by Juba of Mauretania. At about the same time there was a surgeon named Heliodorus, probably from Egypt, and mentioned by Juvenal. This Heliodorus wrote several books on medical technique which have survived in fragments and in the works of Orobasius. Heliodorus, of Emesa in Syria, Greek writer generally dated in the 3rd century AD, is noted for his Aethiopica, the oldest and best of the Greek novels that have come down to us. According.
Volos - of Volos and Nea Ionia, as well as smaller suburban communities. Volos is the capital of Magnesia prefecture. The economy of the city is based on manufacturing, trade, services and tourism. Modern Volos is build on the area of the ancient cities of Demetrias or Dimitrias and Iolkos. Demetrias was established by Demetrios Poliorcetes, king of Macedonia. Iolkos or Iolcos or Iolcus was the homeland of Jason who boarded the ship Argo accompanied by the Argonauts and sailed in the quest for the Golden Fleece to Colchis. To the west of Volos there are the neolithic settlements of Dimini with a ruined acropolis, walls and two beehive tombs dated between 4000-1200 BC and Sesklo with the remains of the oldest acropolis in Greece (6000 BC), as well as the foundations of.
History of discovery and distribution of the remains of Aegean civilization - the Mycenaean treasure was generally allowed, and a correct opinion prevailed that, while certainly posterior, the civilization of the Iliad was reminiscent of the Mycenaean. Schliemann got to work again at Hissarlik in 1878, and greatly increased our knowledge of the lower strata, but did not recognize the Aegean remains in his "Lydian" city of the sixth stratum, which were not to be fully revealed till Dr W. Dorpfeld resumed the work at Hissarlik in 1892 after the first explorer's death. But by laying bare in 1884 the upper stratum of remains on the rock of Tiryns, Schliemann made a contribution to our knowledge of prehistoric domestic life which was amplified two years later by Chr. Tsountas's discovery of the Mycenae palace. Schliemann's work at Tiryns was not resumed till 1905,.
History of Bratislava - part Devínska Nová Ves in 1902 Paleolithic Age: hand-axes and other stone tools of the Homo erectus (about 450000 and about 300000 B. C.) and of the Neanderthal man New Stone Age: first known permanent settlements on the towns territory(Linear Ceramics Culture) 400-50 B. C.: Celts (more exactly the Boi) ; from 125 B. C. on an important celtic oppidum (fortified town) with a mint; there is an acropolis on the castle hill and some settlements below it ; Bratislava is a genuine town for the first time in history (it will become a de-facto town again in the 9th century AD and then again in the 11th century AD) A.D. 1st century - 10th century 1st century – 5th century: the border of the Roman Empire (Limes Romanus) runs right.
Hippias (son of Pisistratus) - building a new temple at Delphi, then bribed the priestess to command the Spartans to help them overthrow Hippias. A Spartan force under Anchimolius was sent to help, but Hippias and his family, the Pisistratidae, allied with Cineas of Thessaly, and the Spartans and Alcmaeonidae were at first defeated. A second attempt, led by Cleomenes I of Sparta, successfully entered Athens and trapped Hippias on the Acropolis. They also took the Pisistratidae children hostage, and Hippias was forced to leave Athens in order to have them returned safely. The Spartans later thought that a free, democratic Athens would be dangerous to Spartan power, and attempted to recall Hippias and reestablish the tyranny. Hippias had fled to Persia, and the Persians threatened to attack Athens if they did not accept Hippias; nevertheless.
Gordias - told to acclaim as king the first man to ride up to the temple in a cart. It was the farmer Gordias who appeared, riding in his ox-cart. Gordias founded the city of Gordium, which became the Phrygian capital. His ox-cart was preserved in the acropolis. Its yoke was secured with an intricate knot called the Gordian Knot. Legend said that he who could unravel it would be master of 'Asia' which was equated at the time with Anatolia. Instead, Alexander the Great sliced the knot in half with his sword, in 333 BCE. 'With' Cybele or under her patronage as Great Mother goddess of Phrygia, Gordias adopted Midas. A later Gordias was a Phrygian king, the father with Eurynome of Adrastus. Adrastus accidentally killed his own brother and had to.
Greek architecture - is seen at its best in the remains of buildings such as the Parthenon and Acropolis in Athens. Such buildings may be found not only in Greece, but throughout the Mediterranean, in regions that were at one time occupied by the Greeks, eg. Sicily. Greek architecture has three styles or periods, each with its distinguishing characteristics. These are: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. These styles were also adopted and adapted by the Romanss. In modern times, many architects have been influenced by ancient Greece, as can be seen in buildings such as the Église de la Madeleine in Paris. Notable Greek architects (ancient) Iktinos Kallikrates.
Friedrich Münzer - Valeria under the supervision of Otto Hirschfeld. In 1893 he traveled to Rome, where Georg Wissowa recruited him to write biographical articles for the Pauly-Wissowa encyclopedia. From there he went to Athens and participated in excavations on the Acropolis. He also met Clara Engels there; they were married two years later, on 4 September 1897. Meanwhile Münzer had been appointed as an unsalaried lecturer at Basel University, in 1896; he and Clara were supported by their parents and his article-writing. (When applying for the job, he reported himself as a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church; three years earlier his CV said he was of Jewish faith.) He was promoted to the second chair in classical philology in 1902. In 1912 he accepted a post at Königsberg, which made him an.
Edward Augustus Freeman - is unsurpassed. He never conceals nor wilfully misrepresents anything, and he was tireless in his attempts to draw a truthful picture of the past. When a place had any important connexion with his work he invariably visited it. He travelled much, always to gain knowledge, and generally to complete his historical equipment. His collected articles and essays on places of historical interest are perhaps the most pleasing of his writings, but they deal exclusively with historical associations and architectural features. The quantity of work which he turned out is enormous, for the fifteen large volumes which contain his Norman Conquest, his unfinished History of Sicily, his William Rufus (1882), and his Essays (1872-1879), and the crowd of his smaller books, are matched in amount by his uncollected contributions to periodicals. In.
