Aesthetics - Aesthetics Aesthetics (or esthetics) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the definition of beauty. The word aesthetics was first used by German philosopher Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, who helped to establish the study of aesthetics as a separate philisophical field of study. The word aesthetic can be used as a noun meaning "that which appeals to the senses." Someone's aesthetic has a lot to do with their artistic judgement. For example, an individual who wears flowered clothing, drives a flowered car, and paints their home with flowers has a particular aesthetic. Some of the meaning of aesthetic as an adjective can be illuminated by comparing it to anaesthetic, which is by construction an antonym of aesthetic. If something is anaesthetic, it tends to dull the senses.
Vegetarianism - yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree that has seed-yielding fruit - to you it shall be for food." According to many classical Jewish Bible commentators, this means that God's original plan was for mankind to be vegetarian. According to many rabbis, God later gave permission for man to eat meat because of man's weak nature, but the ideal would be for man to be vegetarian. However, others argue that people may eat animals because God gave Eve and Adam dominion over them. (The Torah and vegetarianism) Ethics: There is a small minority of people in the world today for whom meat is a staple food. (Principally, members of nomadic hunting or herding societies such as Inuit and Saami.) Since most people can live.
Kashmiri literature - Ayurveda. In medieval times the great philosophical school of Kashmir Shaivism arose. Its great masters include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta and Kshemaraja. In the theory of aesthetics one can list the Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta. The use of the Kashmiri language began with the poet Lalleshvari (14th century),who wrote mystical verses. Later, came Habba Khatun (16th century) with her lol style. Other major names are Rupa Bhavani (1621-1721), Arnimal (d. 1800), Mahmud Gami (1765-1855), Rasul Mir (d. 1870), Paramananda (1791-1864), Ghulam Ahmad Mahjur (1885-1952), Abdul Ahad Azad (1903-1948), and Zinda Kaul (1884-1965). In contemporary times, Hindi, Urdu, and English have become the languages of literary expression. Amongst these authors are Shaikh Abdullah and Ram Nath Kak who have written autobiography. Other authors of Kashmiri ancestry include Salman Rushdie and.
Konstantin Stanislavski - took the stage-name Stanislavski to preserve the reputation of his family. In 1888 he established the Society of Art and Literature at the Maly Theatre, where he gained experience in aesthetics and stagecraft. In 1898, he assumes the role of principal director of the Moscow Open Theatre, later known as the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT). From there, based on the realist tradition of Aleksandr Pushkin, he developed his ideas of what he called the Stanislavski Method and which would later be called method acting - actors would research the situation created by the script according to their character's motivations and their own experiences. Ideally, the actor would make his motivations identical to those of the character in the script. He could then replay these emotions and experiences in the role to.
Japanese bondage - instead of just immobilizing or restraining the bottom, the bottom gains pleasure from being under pressure and strain of the ropes, squeezing the breasts or genitals. The aesthetics of the bound person's position are also important: in particular, Japanese bondage is notorious for its use of asymmetric positions to heighten the psychological impact of bondage. Although some of the techniques of Japanese sexual bondage originated with the military restraint technique of Hojojutsu, sexual bondage techniques are far gentler, and great care is taken to avoid injury. According to several sources, bondage as a sexual activity first came to notice in Japan in the late Edo period, perhaps as a result of Western influences. In the 1960s, a tradition of bondage as a form of performance art developed in Japan. Table of.
Jacques Rancière - Rancière is a French philosopher. He is a professor of aesthetics at the University of Paris-VIII. A student of Louis Althusser, Rancière contributed to the influential volume Reading "Capital" (though his contribution is not contained in the partial English translation) before publicly breaking with Althusser over his attitude toward the May 1968 student uprising in Paris. Works Rancière's work in English includes: The Nights of Labor: The Workers' Dream in Nineteenth-Century France (1989): This book is an influential work of social history which examines in detail the records of ordinary workers' lives in order to produce a new picture of their surprising political sophistication. ISBN 0877228337. The Ignorant Schoolmaster: Five Lessons in Intellectual Emancipation (1991): This book describes the emancipatory education of Joseph Jacotot, a post-Revolutionary philosopher of education who discovered.
Jacinto Benavente - declamatory verse giving way to prose, melodrama to comedy, formula to experience, impulsive action to dialogue and the play of minds. Benavente showed a preoccupation with aesthetics and later with ethics. References About Jacinto Benavente y Martinez.
Johann Sebastian Bach - likely sang and possibly played in their father's ensembles. The only one of the Bach daughters to marry, Elisabeth Juliana Friederica, choose as husband Bach's student Johann Christoph Altnickol. Most of the music we have from Bach was passed on through his children, who preserved much of what C. P. E. Bach called the "Old Bach Archive" after his father's death. At Leipzig, Bach seems to have fit in amongst the professoriate of the university there, with many professors standing as god-parents for his children, and some of the university's men of letters and theology providing many of the librettos for his cantatas. In this last capacity Bach enjoyed a particularly fruitful relationship with the poet Picander. Sebastian and Anna Magdalena also welcomed friends, family, and fellow musicians from all over.
Visual arts and design - art / Digital art Conceptual Art Decretage E-mail art Fluxus Found art Graffiti art Happening Installation art Interactive art Internet art Mail art Media Art Performance art Pop Art Public art Transfer Art Video art Body art Tattoo Body modification Body piercing Scarification New Materials Plastics in art Body fluids in art See also Aesthetics Artist Art historian Connoisseur Art conservation See also: Visual Arts and Design basic topics.
Johann Joachim Eschenburg - in 1814 he was made one of the directors of the Carolinum. He is best known by his efforts to familiarize his countrymen with English literature. He published a series of German translations of the principal English writers on aesthetics, such as J Brown, D Webb, Charles Burney, Joseph Priestley and R Hurd; and Germany owes also to him the first complete translation (in prose) of Shakespeare's plays (William Shakespear's Schauspiele, 13 vols., Zürich, 1775-1782). This is virtually a revised edition of the incomplete translation published by Wieland between 1762 and 1766. Besides editing, with memoirs, the works of Hagedorn, Zachariä and other German poets, he was the author of a Handbuch der klassischen Literatur (1783); Entwurf einer Theorie und Literatur der schönen Wissenschaften (1783); Beispielsammiung zur Theorie und Literatur der.
Johannes Carsten Hauch - broke out in 1848. About this time his dramatic talent was at its height, and he produced one admirable tragedy after another; among these may be mentioned Svend Grathe (1841); The Sisters at Kinnekullen (1849); Marshal Sag (1850); Honour Lost and Won (1851) and Tycho Brahe's Youth (1852). From 1858 to 1860 Hauch was director of the Danish National Theatre; he produced three more tragedies: The King's Favourite (1859); Henry of Navarre (1863); and Julian the Apostate (1866). In 1861 he published another collection of Lyrical Poems and Romances and ~fl 1862 the historical epic of Valdemar Seir, volumes which contain his best work. From 1851, when he succeeded Oehlenschlager, to his death, he held the honorary post of professor of aesthetics at the university of Copenhagen. He died in Rome.
Ideological assumption - of cognates could happen by pure chance. 15) Comparisons between languages (comparative linguistics) must be based on grammatical structure: morphology and syntax. Lexicostatistics is a relatively useless theory. 16) The Romance languages have evolved as provincial dialects of the Roman conquerors' corrupted Latin. Without the Roman Empire, they would not exist. 17) The classification of the languages is objective, scientific and possible. We do not have to worry about dialects and their past. They are only curiosities and not the key issue. They are not tied to ecology, but only to human culture, and thus when culture changes languages may die without ecological disaster. Bioregional democracy has no objective linguistic basis. 18) The Egyptian language is a clearly distinct African language. Any similarities between Egyptian and the European or other distant.
Immanuel Kant - way that the first Critique dealt with knowledge; and the Critique of Judgment, which dealt with the various uses of our mental powers that neither confer factual knowledge nor determine us to action: aesthetic judgment (of the beautiful and sublime) and teleological judgment (construing things as having "purposes"). As Kant understood them, aesthetic and teleological judgment connected our moral and empirical judgments to one another, unifying his system. Two shorter works, the Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics and the Groundwork to the Metaphysics of Morals treated the same matter as the first and second critiques respectively, in a more cursory form—assuming the answer and working backward, so to speak. They serve as excellent introductions to the critical system. The epistemological material of the first Critique was put into application in the.
IMac - in August of that year. Some strong advocates called the iMac an innovation in computer design of its time: purportedly the first personal computer design which considered aesthetics as one of its primary goals. The machine was an all-in-one design, in which monitor and CPU were contained within one object -- this carried on from the previous Performa line of the 1990s. It was powered by a 233 MHz G3 PowerPC processor, and came in a white and Bondi Blue color scheme. This design was attributed to Jonathan Ive, now VP of Industrial Design at Apple. The iMac was the first move in a general turnaround in public perception and financial success for Apple. It was the first of many future innovations introduced by the then interim CEO Steve Jobs. Despite.
Internationalization and localization - used instead. The distinction between internationalization and localization is often subtle but important to notice. As internationalization is to adapt things to be used in virtually everywhere, localization is to put special features for local use. Subjects unique to localization include: language translation special support for certain languages such as East Asian languages local customs morals local contents symbols Aesthetics cultural values and social context Due to the results of globalization, many companies and products find themselves in many countries worldwide. This has given rise to increasing requirements for localization of products and services. Also, as an alternative to economic globalization, localization has been used to describe the process of concentrating production of goods nearer their end-users, rather than wherever the lowest costs are. The idea is to cut down environmental.
Industrial design - Industrial Design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved. Design aspects specified by the industrial designer may include the overall form of the object, the location of details with respect to one another, colors, textures, sounds, and ergonomics. Often, through the application of industrial design, a product's appeal to the consumer is greatly improved. Product Design is similar to industrial design, though often broader in scope. In addition to considering aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also encompass the engineering of objects, usefulness as well as usability, market placement, and other concerns. Product Design and Industrial Design can overlap into the fields of user interface design and information design. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Famous industrial designers 2 See also 3.
Hermann Theodor Hettner - universities of Berlin, Halle and Heidelberg he devoted himself chiefly to the study of philosophy, but in 1843 turned his attention to aesthetics, art and literature. With a view to furthering these studies, he spent three years in Italy, and, on his return, published a Vorschule zur bildenden Kunst der Alten (1848) and an essay on Die neapolitanischen Malerschulen. He became Privatdozent for aesthetics and the history of art at Heidelberg and, after the publication of his suggestive volume on Die romantische Schule in ihrem Zusammenhang mit Goethe und Schiller (1850), accepted a call as professor to Jena where he lectured on the history of both art and literature. In 1855 he was appointed director of the royal collections of antiquities and the museum of plaster casts at Dresden, to which.
Hippolyte Taine - anecdotes, graphic sketches, satirical notes on the society which frequents watering places, and underlying the whole book was a vein of stern philosophy; it was published in 1855. The year 1854 was an important one in the life of Taine. His enforced leisure, the necessity of mixing with his fellowmen, and of travelling, tore him from his cloistered existence and brought him into more direct contact with reality. His method of expounding philosophy underwent a change. Instead of employing the method of deduction, of starting with the most abstract idea and following it step by step to its concrete realization, henceforward he starts from the concrete reality and proceeds through a succession of facts until he arrives at the central idea. His style also became vivid and full of colour; he.
Gardening - purpose for gardening Plants are grown for a variety of utilitarian and non-utilitarian purposes. Among these are: Utilitarian purposes: food feed medicine dyes raw materials for the production of clothing and crafts Non-utilitarian purposes: beauty inspiration communion with nature recreation Vegetables, fruits, herbs, shade trees, shrubs, grasseses, herbaceous perennialss and flowers are all grown in gardens— sometimes they are grown together in the same garden, but not always. Fruit and nut trees are more commonly considered to form an orchard, though they are sometimes an adjunct to a garden. When a variety of plant types are grown together with native species, the combination is sometimes called a wild garden. These are embedded in some pre-existing natural ecology that is not damaged but rather enhanced by the process of cultivation. As in.
Gao Xingjian - "the wild ones" . - Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1988. Lodén, Torbjoern, World Literature with Chinese Characteristics: On A Novel by Gao Xingjian // Stockholm journal OF East Asian Studies 4, 1993. Lee, Gregory B., Chinese Writing and of exiles . - center OF East Asian Studies RK the Universtity OF Chicago, 1993. Gao Xingjian, The Voice OF the individual // Stockholm journal OF East Asian Studies 6, 1995. Lee, Mabel, Without Politics: Gao Xingjian on Literary Creation // Stockholm journal OF East Asian Studies 6, 1995. Lee, Mabel, Pronouns as Protagonists: Gao Xingjian's Lingshan as Autobiography // Colloquium OF the Sydney Society OF Literature and Aesthetics RK the Univ. OF Sydney. Draft PAPER the 3-4 Oct. 1996. Lee, Mabel, personnel Freedom in Twentieth Century China: Reclaiming the Self in Yang Lian's Yi.
