Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet - Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet The Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet was developed in 1941 and was used by all branches of the United States military until the promulgation of the NATO phonetic alphabet in 1955, which has replaced it. Before the JAN phonetic alphabet, each branch of the armed forces used its own phonetic alphabet, leading to difficulties in interbranch communication. The Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet is as follows: Letter Phonetic Letter Phonetic Letter Phonetic A Able M Mike Y Yoke B Baker N Nutley Z Zebra C Charlie O Oboe 0 Zero D Dog P Peter 1 One E Easy Q Queen 2 Two F Fox R Roger 3 Three G George S Sail 4 Four H How T Tare 5 Five I Item U Uncle 6 Six J Jig.
Iberian alphabet - Iberian alphabet Swiggers (111) assumes that the Iberic scripts are the result of a fusion of the Punic and Greek alphabetic traditions. The fact that the Iberian scripts are both alphabetic and syllabic is probably due to the nature of Iberian phonology. There are, as a matter of fact, "pro-Greek and pro-Semitic camps" (Daniels/Bright 110). See also Omniglot entry on Iberian.
Icelandic alphabet - Icelandic alphabet The Icelandic alphabet consists of the following letters: A, Á, B, (C), D, Ð, E, É, F, G, H, I, Í, J, K, L, M, N, O, Ó, P, (Q), R, S, T, U, Ú, V, (W), X, Y, Ý, (Z), Þ, Æ, Ö The modern Icelandic alphabet has developed from a standard established in the 19th century, by the Danish linguist Rasmus Rask primarily. It is ultimately based heavily on an orthographic standard created in the early 12th century by a mysterious document referred to as The First Grammatical Treatise, author unknown. The standard was intended for what its author perceived to be a common language of Scandinavia, alias Old Norse. It did not have much influence, however, at the time. The most defining.
International Phonetic Alphabet - International Phonetic Alphabet This article is about the alphabet officially used in linguistics. NATO phonetic alphabet ("alpha bravo") has been informally and nonstandardly called the International Phonetic Alphabet as well. The International Phonetic Alphabet was originally developed by British and French phoneticians under the auspices of the International Phonetic Association, established in Paris in 1886 (both the organisation and the phonetic script are best known as IPA). The alphabet has undergone a number of revisions during its history, including some major ones codified by the IPA Kiel Convention (1989). Most letters are taken from the Roman alphabet or derived from it, some are taken from the Greek alphabet, and some are apparently unrelated to any standard alphabet. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Description 2 Chart 3 See also.
Initial Teaching Alphabet - Initial Teaching Alphabet The Initial Teaching Alphabet was developed by Sir James Pitman (the grandson of Sir Isaac Pitman) as a tool for teaching children to read. Although it was popular in the 1960s, it has fallen into disuse. It has 44 symbols, each of which is intended to represent a single sound. See also: Phonics.
International Phonetic Alphabet for English - International Phonetic Alphabet for English Symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Abbreviations below: AmE = American English; BrE = British English (Received Pronunciation) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Vowels 1.1 English 'Plain' vowels 1.2 Reduced vowels 1.3 R-colored vowels 1.4 Diphthongs 2 Consonants 2.5 Stops 2.6 Nasals 2.7 Fricatives 2.8 Affricates 2.9 Approximants 3 Suprasegmentals 4 IPA examples Vowels English 'Plain' vowels [iː] bead [ɪ] bid [eɪ] play * [ɛ] bed [æ] bad [ɑː] cot [ɒ] hot - BrE only [ɔː] caught [ʌ] cut AmE [oʊ] BrE [əʊ] coat * [ʊ] put [uː] hoot * The English [o] and [e] vowels are realized as diphthongs, but they are included here with the plain vowels because the [ɪ] and [ʊ] are just off-glides. The symbol [ː] is just the.
Vinca alphabet - Vinca alphabet The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. Please see the article's talk page for more information. A clay vessel unearthed in Vinca, found at depth of 8.5 meters. The Vinca alphabet (also known as the Old European Script or Vinca-Tordos script) is believed by some to be the writing system of the Vinca culture, which inhabited south-eastern Europe around 6000-4000 BC. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The discovery of the Old European Script 2 What do the symbols mean? 3 Old European Script - controversial issues 4 References 5.
Hebrew alphabet - Hebrew alphabet The modern Hebrew alphabet developed from the Aramaic alphabet. Hebrew speakers call their alphabet the "aleph-bet" (aleph and bet are the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet). Archeological evidence indicates that the original Hebrew script is related to the Phoenician script that was in wide use in the Middle East region at the end of the 2nd millennium B.C, and which eventually evolved in Europe into the Greek and Roman alphabets. During the Babylonian exile (6th century B.C), the Jews adopted a more modern form of the same script from the Babylonians (who inherited it from the Assyrians). It was the "square" alphabet that is still used today. "Square"-related scripts were in use all over the Middle East for several hundred years, but following.
Ugaritic alphabet - Ugaritic alphabet The Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform alphabet used for the Ugaritic language, an extinct Canaanite language discovered in Ugarit. It has 30 distinct letters. External Links Ugaritic Cuneiform characters from the Unicode Ugaritic cuneiform script..
Hungarian alphabet - Hungarian alphabet The Hungarian alphabet is an extension of the Roman alphabet. Below are the 44 letters of the Hungarian alphabet: A Á B C Cs D Dz Dzs E É F G Gy H I Í J K L Ly M N Ny O Ó Ö Ő P (Q) R S Sz T Ty U Ú Ü Ű V (W) (X) (Y) Z Zs See also: Alphabet, SAMPA for the Hungarian language..
Uighur alphabet - Uighur alphabet The Uighur alphabet is any of the following: Descendant of Sogdian alphabet, used for texts of Buddhist, Manichean and Christian contents for 700-800 years in East Turkestan. Last known manuscripts are dated the 18th century. Prototype for Mongolian and Manchu alphabets. Also called Old Uighur alphabet. Modified Arabic alphabet, widely used by modern Uighurs in chinese East Turkestan. Modified Latin alphabet, used by Uighurs in chinese East Turkestan 15-20 years until late 1980s. Still in use for Internet communications in Uighur. Modified Cyrillic alphabet, used by Uighurs in former Soviet Republics of Central Asia. See also: Old Turkic alphabet.
German alphabet - German alphabet The German alphabet consists of the same 26 letters as the modern Latin alphabet, plus three umlauts and one ligature: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, ä, ö, ü, ß A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Ä, Ö, Ü The diacritic letters "Ä", "Ö", and "Ü" are used to indicate umlauts; they are usually sorted together with the letter they are derived from, although German phonebooks treat each umlaut as if it were spelled with the ligature it derives from (that is, "ae", "oe", or.
Glagolitic alphabet - Glagolitic alphabet The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavonic alphabet. It was created by Saint Cyril around 862-863 in order to translate the Bible and other texts into the Slavonic language(more exactly, Old Church Slavonic). The name comes from the Old Church Slavonic glagolo, meaning word (which was also the name for the letter "G"). Since glagolati also means to speak, the Glagolitsa are poetically referred to as "the marks that speak". The Glagolitic alphabet has around 40 letters, depending on variant. 24 of the original (Great Moravian, see below) 38 Glagolitic letters are derived from graphemes of the medieval cursive Greek small alphabet, and they have been given an ornamental design. It is presumed that the letters Sha, Shta and Tsi were derived.
Gothic alphabet - Gothic alphabet It was probably Bishop Ulfilas who created the Gothic letters in order to produce a translation of the Bible into the Gothic language. As in the case of the runes, there have been scholars who claim that Ulfilas' letters have been developed from a single source. Kirchhoff (1854) claimed that the origins of all Gothic letters are Greek, and Zacher (1855) maintained that Ulfilas created all the letters with Latin counterparts in mind (Braune 15-16). Later on, scholars tended to agree that the letters are mainly of Greek origin, with the exception of some letters that must be of runic and Latin origin (ibid.). However, there are still scholars like Ebbinghaus (Braune 16) who maintain that the origins of the alphabet are to be viewed.
Greek alphabet - Greek alphabet The Greek language is written in the Greek alphabet, developed in classical times (around the 9th century BC) and used down to the present. Its letters are nowadays used for a variety of other purposes: as mathematical symbols, as names of stars, and so forth. It is believed that the Greek alphabet was brought to Greece via Phoenician traders. The fact that the Greek alphabet derives from an earlier Semitic script is uncontested, the exact source(s) of the Greek alphabet are however controversial. Sass (94) mentions the Proto-Canaanite and the Phoenician scripts, Coulmas (1989: 142) and Naveh (1979: 55) mention only the Phoenician alphabet. Other theories include as its sources Egypt, Assyria, and Minoan Crete or even many different languages and nations (Polygenetic theory). The.
Unicode characters for the Arabic alphabet - Unicode characters for the Arabic alphabet Here are the Unicode characters that encode the arabic alphabet: Unicode table: Hex 060C - Hex 06FE Arabic For each sequence of ten available Unicode codes, three rows in the table give respectively the arabic letter itself, its code in decimal (as it can appear in a HTML source text), and its name. 1540 ، 1540 ، 1540 comma 1560 ؛ ؟ ء 1560 ؛ ؟ ؠ 1560 semicolon question mark hamza 1570 آ أ ؤ إ ئ ا ب ة ت ث 1570 آ أ ؤ إ ئ ا ب ة ت ث 1570 alef w/ madda above alef w/ hamza above waw w/ hamza above alef w/ hamza below yeh w/ hamza above alef beh teh marbuta teh theh 1580 ج.
Finnish alphabet - Finnish alphabet The Finnish alphabet is: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, Ä, Ö The main feature of the Finnish alphabet that makes it different from other Latin based alphabets are: the three extra vowels, "Å", "Ä" and "Ö". In collation "W" is equivalent to V. "Š" and "Ž" might be seen in transcriptions (and a few loanwords) from Slavic languages: "Tšaikovski, Gorbatšov, Tšetšenia, Tšekki, Azerbaidžan, Brežnev, daža." "Å" is only used in Swedish names on persons and (rarely) places. "W" is used mainly in foreign names and loanwords. Some old Finnish names still retain it from the time when it was used instead of "V"..
Find the alphabet - Find the alphabet Find the alphabet is a car game to occupy passengers, typically children, on long journeys. The passengers divide into two teams, left and right. Any odd number going to assist the driver's team since the driver should be concentrating on the road... Each team tries to find the letters of the alphabet, in the correct order, on signs on 'their' side of the road. Multiple letters may be used from one sign as long as they are seen in the correct order. Whilst looking for Q, antique shops and BBQ adverts are highly valued. As the letters are found they must be called out to let both your team members and your opponents know what you are looking for. (Exclude writing on vehicles.).
French alphabet - French alphabet The French alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet. It uses the standard 26 letters: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - X - W - Y - Z A special combination is almost always ligatured: Å’ However writing 'oe' instead of a ligatured 'Å“' does not present comprehension problems: few pair of words, if any, differ only by such a ligature; and it was customary with old typewriters and old computers to write 'oe' instead of the often inexistent 'Å“' character. A few words like 'moelleux' have.
Karelian language - considered languages of their own; and also similarly to Meänkieli. As it could also be argued Karelian should be considered separate from Finnish because of its geo-political location within the boundaries of another state, a conclusion might be, that Karelian has a similar relation to Finnish, as has Finland-Swedish to Scandinavian Swedish. Finnish and Karelian were suppressed and out-lawed during Stalin's Great Purges. Attempts to standardize Karelian with a Cyrillic alphabet were unsuccessful, and today the Karelian republic (of the Russian federation) consider Karelian a dialect of Finnish. Finnish, and not Karelian, was the second official language of Karelia from the Winter War 1940 up until the 1980s[1], when perestroika began. Since the late 1990s there have been moves to pass special language legislation, which would give Karelian an official status..
