Individualist anarchism - Individualist anarchism There are several classical anarchist thinkers, such as Benjamin Tucker, Lysander Spooner, Max Stirner, Dora Marsden and Albert Jay Nock, who are known as individualist anarchists. These works argue for the sovereignty of each individual within their own life. Other such writers include Henry David Thoreau. Individualist anarchists and private property Individualist anarchists are claimed as part of their tradition by anarcho-capitalists as well as by libertarian socialists, who criticize differently the works of these authors. In turn, they claim many works by anarcho-capitalists and libertarian socialists as part of their tradition, though without forcibly fully adhering to them. Libertarian socialists insist that many of these authors, after and including Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, rejected essential foundations of capitalism, namely the right to property (as opposed to.
Historical origins of anarchism - Historical origins of anarchism Even before the word anarchism came into use, individuals and movements spoke and acted in accordance with principles which would today be called anarchist. If we take the definition of an anarchist philosophy to be one which opposes the state on principle (and therefore advocates the disolution of state power and its replacement with other forms of organisation), then the list of "anarchist" groups becomes quite large and stretches back throughout history. The Development of Anarchism before the nineteenth century Rejection of coercive authority can be traced as far back as Ancient China, where Taoism is declared by some to have been the oldest example of anarchist doctrine [1]. In the West, a similar tendency can be traced to the philosophers of Ancient Greece,.
Green anarchism - Green anarchism Green anarchism is system-opposed anarchism suggesting that hierarchies in general and the ecological unbalance, economism, authority-power, international unjustice, war, racism and centralism of today are a direct result of a cruel industrialistic rule of civilization. Green anarchists practise an underground resistance based on autonomous direct actions, uniting different system-critics such as non-violent action, ecoactivism, queeractivism, animal rights acitivism, anti-capitalism and anti-elitism, opposed to obsolete isms such as socialism and liberalism. Adherents often join Green parties and argue for de-centralization, one of the Green's Ten Key Values but not one of the original Four Pillars of the Green Party. Usually the use of a capital 'G' indicates some agreement with those parties and their values, and the use of a lowercase 'g' implies a 'small-g' or.
Eco-anarchism - Eco-anarchism Eco-anarchism argues that small eco-villages (of no more than a few hundred people) are the correct scale of human living, and that infrastructure and political systems should be re-organized to ensure that these are created. It combines older trends towards primitivism, bioregional democracy, feminism (as eco-feminism), pacifism, secession and intentional community. It is the dedication to these ideals that distinguish it from the more general 'big-G' Green anarchism which sees a continuing role for global institutions and global definitions of fairness and safety, or at least dialogue towards those. In general, eco-anarchists reject the notion of humanity as a whole and human dignity in particular. One of the most influential pieces of eco-anarchist literature is Ishmael, by Daniel Quinn, which relates conversations between a man and.
Diversity of anarchism - Diversity of anarchism As Benjamin Tucker put it, anarchism is the philosophy that "''all the affairs of men should be managed by individuals or voluntary associations, and that the state should be abolished.''" But there is no central authority to define what is anarchism, so there exist a lot of distinct theories and movements that either claim to be anarchists or are considered to the anarchist. These theories and movements cover the whole political spectrum, from right to left, top to bottom, and whatever axis, so that there can be "anarchists" who have very opposed opinions on about everything but the malevolent character of the State. However, it is possible to distinguish three main trends in anarchism: individualist anarchism insists on individual autonomy against authority and coercion..
Anarchism - Anarchism Anarchism is a term given to a political philosophy advocating a society without "the state", and often the overthrow, violent or otherwise, of the current system of government. As Benjamin Tucker put it, anarchism is the philosophy that "all the affairs of men should be managed by individuals or voluntary associations, and that the state should be abolished." As a political force, anarchism was defeated in the early 20th century with the domination of fascism in Europe and Communism in Russia, though many argue that its philosophical influence remains. Anarchist organisations continue to exist across the globe, however, and in recent years, amid the rise in protest against globalisation, anarchism has gained a higher profile. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview and brief history 2.
Anarcho-capitalist critique of left-anarchism - Anarcho-capitalist critique of left-anarchism The neutrality of this article is disputed. Anarcho-capitalistss agree with many things that some utopian anarchists such as William Godwin or left-anarchistss like Michael Bakunin wrote about individualism. However, They don't quite follow Bakunin in his complete acceptance of Karl Marx's Das Kapital. Actually, anarcho-capitalists don't accept the distinction between a "personal" sphere of activity and an "economic" sphere of activity - they only see one sphere, the sphere of Human Action. Many left-wing anarchists claim their anarchism to be the one, true, oldest and original anarchist tradition, and dispute the right of anarcho-capitalists to call themselves anarchist at all, suggesting instead the terms neo-classical liberal or anti-state capitalist. Most anarcho-capitalists, by contrast, claim that their own anti-statist tradition is at least as old, and much.
Anarchism in the arts - Anarchism in the arts As a political theory that encompasses the full spectrum of social, philosophical, political and economic, Anarchism has a deep reach in culture. Like socialism, communism and even fascism, Anarchism has a plethora of imagery and symbolism which have become associated with a variety of groups and movements, and co-opted (or "recuperated) by capitalist industry. The influence of anarchism is not always directly a matter of specific imagery or public figures, but may be seen in a certain stance towards the liberation of the total human being and the imagination. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Visual Art 1.1 Surrealism 2 Music 3 Written fiction 4 Film/Video Visual Art (ie, the use of art or illustration to promote specifically anarchist ideas) Flavio Constantini Clifford.
Anarchism and violence - Anarchism and violence Late in the 19th century, anarchist labor unions began to use the tactic of general strike. This was often met with violence and some of the strikes even resulted in massacres. In this climate, some anarchists began to advocate and practice terrorism (i.e., attacks on civilians) or assassination, which they referred to as propaganda of the deed. United States President William McKinley, among others, was assassinated by an anarchist named Leon Czogolsz, who claimed to be a disciple of Emma Goldman. This was not a popular stance, and the tactic was condemned by others in the movement. Goldman, for example, disavowed any association with Czogolsz. Depictions in the press and popular fiction (e.g. a malevolent bomb-throwing anarchist in Joseph Conrad's "The Secret Agent").
Anarchism and private property - Anarchism and private property There is a great divide among the traditions of anarchism about the question of private property and economic organization. Socialists vs Capitalists Libertarian socialists consider that private property is a fiction enforced by illegitimate institutions which do not account for the needs and desires of the individuals they affect, and that beyond "personal possession" of immediate goods no property should exist. Anarcho-capitalists consider that private property emerges from natural law, and is a paradigmatic way to respect individual rights, to solve and avoid conflict, and to promote creation. Libertarian socialists propose that beyond personal possession, resources should be collectively managed, particularly capital goods used as means of economic production. The form of this collective management can vary greatly, but in all cases.
Anarchism and nature - Anarchism and nature Anarchist movements with an ecological flavor There is a significant anarchist element to the environmental movement, including those that are known as eco-anarchists and green-anarchists. These two, though similar, are not quite the same because the political label 'Green' has implications beyond ecology (see Green Party). Green anarchists accept some restrictions on individual freedom as a means of preserving natural capital (for example, farmland and water) and often promote limited forms of social ecology. Eco-anarchists, by contrast, are more extreme and advocate a sort of fusion with nature (see also: eco-village and primitivism). Green anarchism, in North America at least, is also linked with anarcho-primitivism, a philosophy that calls for the abolition not only of government, but of civilisation. On the opposite end.
Anarchism and sex - Anarchism and sex For most anarchists, marriage and sex are private matters to be resolved between consenting adults. In their opinion, authorities like governments, lawmakers, churches, mullahs, etc., have no business meddling with private affairs of individuals who do not voluntarily desire to follow their commands -- at which point they are no more authorities and have no power to command those who dissent, only the opportunity to advise those who consent. Note that, at least for most individualist anarchists and anarcho-capitalists, consenting adults having sexual relations do have to be held individually accountable for the consequences of their acts, whether desired or undesired, including any resulting children. See also anarcho-feminism (aka anarchafeminism) for a combination of feminism and left-anarchism. Compare and oppose Wendy McElroy's individualist.
Anarchism and democracy - Anarchism and democracy In an anarchic society, it is obvious that there will still have to be an institution capable of directing society—but, importantly, that institution must not have any power of its own over the society it is ‘directing’. Ideally, it would exist only to further the wishes of the people, in a purely administrative role. Decisions affecting the society, then, must be made by the people as a whole, and not by any smaller subdivision (e.g. modern ‘representative democracy’). Every major decision would have to be decided on by everyone, or else one group would be capable of obtaining power over the running of the country. Democracy as an ideal is therefore essential to an anarchic society—but current democratic systems tend to centralise power,.
Anarchism and Marxism - Anarchism and Marxism Anarchism and Marxism are two very different political philosophies; however, there is some similarity between the methodology and ideology of certain anarchists and Marxists, and the history of the two have very often been intertwined. The historical conflict between Marxism and anarchism was inevitable; while revolutionary Marxists advocate taking over the machinery of the state as a means of working towards communism, even anarchist communists -- with the same objective in mind -- argue that the state must be done away with completely and immediately. The International Workingmen's Association, at its founding, was an alliance of socialist groups, including both anarchists and Marxists. Both sides had a common aim (stateless communism) and common political opponents (conservatives and other right-wing elements). But each was.
Christian anarchism - Christian anarchism Some Christian communities have believed that there is only one source of authority to which they are ultimately answerable, and that is the authority of God as embodied in Jesus. Historically, some Christians felt therefore that earthly authority such as government, or indeed the established church, does not and should not have power over them. This is equivalent to mainstream Anarchism, with a basis of spiritual justification. Its adherents quote the teachings of Jesus, some of which were critical of the existing establishment. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Fall of Rome 2 The Reformation 3 Leo Tolstoy 4.
Crypto-anarchism - Crypto-anarchism Crypto-Anarchism is an online philosophy that expounds the use of strong public key cryptography to enforce privacy and therefore individual freedom. Cryptoanarchists aim to create encrypted virtual communities where everyone is absolutely anonymous or pseudonymous. In such virtual communities the physical identities of the pseudonyms are totally untraceable. Cryptoanarchists believe that inside their communities is the only place where you can be totally free, because in all other communities there will always be someone that will listen at what you say and know who you are. Development of methods of surveillance, and in particular the spread of Internet communication opens unprecedented powers of computer surveillance. Crypto-anarchists consider the development and use of cryptography to be the main defence against this, instead of political action. Cryptoanarchists believe.
Traditional anarchism - Traditional anarchism libertarian socialists claim this term. anarcho-capitalists and individualist anarchists dispute it. See anarchism. Formerly Wikipedia used the term 'traditional anarchism' to refer to what it now calls 'libertarian socialism'..
Transhumanist anarchism - Transhumanist anarchism Transhumanist anarchism is defined as "Transhumanist socialism", with "socialism" being replaced with "anarchism" throughout. The term "Transhumanist anarchism" was coined by Robin Green on March 6, 1999..
Vegan Reich - possibly face 'extermination'. Followers of the band where sometimes also involved in the deep ecology movement called Hardline, expressing a rhetoric that seemed to be a strange hybrid of both anarchism and extreme authoritarianism (if you violated someones rights, you could be subject to losing your own). None of their record releases ever dented the Billboard Top 50, and for the time being omnivores the world over continue to sleep safe in their beds at night. See also: hardcore punk.
Kotoku Shusui - was a socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century, particularly by translating the works of contemporary European and Russian anarchists, such as Peter Kropotkin, into Japanese. He was a radical journalist and is often considered an anarchist martyr, as he was executed for treason by the Japanese government. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 1.1 Socialist years and imprisonment 1.2 America and the anarchist influence 1.3 Return to Japan 2.
