Anarchism and violence - Anarchism and violence Late in the 19th century, anarchist labor unions began to use the tactic of general strike. This was often met with violence and some of the strikes even resulted in massacres. In this climate, some anarchists began to advocate and practice terrorism (i.e., attacks on civilians) or assassination, which they referred to as propaganda of the deed. United States President William McKinley, among others, was assassinated by an anarchist named Leon Czogolsz, who claimed to be a disciple of Emma Goldman. This was not a popular stance, and the tactic was condemned by others in the movement. Goldman, for example, disavowed any association with Czogolsz. Depictions in the press and popular fiction (e.g. a malevolent bomb-throwing anarchist in Joseph Conrad's "The Secret Agent").
Diversity of anarchism - Diversity of anarchism As Benjamin Tucker put it, anarchism is the philosophy that "''all the affairs of men should be managed by individuals or voluntary associations, and that the state should be abolished.''" But there is no central authority to define what is anarchism, so there exist a lot of distinct theories and movements that either claim to be anarchists or are considered to the anarchist. These theories and movements cover the whole political spectrum, from right to left, top to bottom, and whatever axis, so that there can be "anarchists" who have very opposed opinions on about everything but the malevolent character of the State. However, it is possible to distinguish three main trends in anarchism: individualist anarchism insists on individual autonomy against authority and coercion..
Anarchism - Anarchism Anarchism is a term given to a political philosophy advocating a society without "the state", and often the overthrow, violent or otherwise, of the current system of government. As Benjamin Tucker put it, anarchism is the philosophy that "all the affairs of men should be managed by individuals or voluntary associations, and that the state should be abolished." As a political force, anarchism was defeated in the early 20th century with the domination of fascism in Europe and Communism in Russia, though many argue that its philosophical influence remains. Anarchist organisations continue to exist across the globe, however, and in recent years, amid the rise in protest against globalisation, anarchism has gained a higher profile. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview and brief history 2.
Anarchism and Marxism - Anarchism and Marxism Anarchism and Marxism are two very different political philosophies; however, there is some similarity between the methodology and ideology of certain anarchists and Marxists, and the history of the two have very often been intertwined. The historical conflict between Marxism and anarchism was inevitable; while revolutionary Marxists advocate taking over the machinery of the state as a means of working towards communism, even anarchist communists -- with the same objective in mind -- argue that the state must be done away with completely and immediately. The International Workingmen's Association, at its founding, was an alliance of socialist groups, including both anarchists and Marxists. Both sides had a common aim (stateless communism) and common political opponents (conservatives and other right-wing elements). But each was.
Hardcore punk - and suburban teen angst. Commentator Steven Blush claimed (in American Hardcore: A Tribal History) that hardcore was punk rock adapted for suburban teens. Most hardcore bands had lyrical themes that ranged from righteous indignation at societal hypocrisy--both within and without the punk scene itself--to promotion of some form of anarchism. American hardcore Like the British punk wave of 1976 to 1978, American hardcore was an initially tight-knit movement that evolved into an enduring genre. The sound arose in suburban beach communities in Southern California, taking influences from The Ramones, Wire and Sham 69. Bands like The Germs, Middle Class and Fear were among the pioneers of the musical genre. Outside of California, D.O.A (Vancouver) and Bad Brains (Washington, DC) were especially important. A radio show called Rodney on the ROQ played.
Errico Malatesta - He wrote and edited a number of radical newspapers and was a friend of Mikhail Bakunin. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 1.1 London 2 Political beliefs 2.2 On violence 3 Malatesta's periodicals 4 Further reading 4.3 Books 5 External Links Biography Malatesta was born in Santa Maria Capua Vetere in the Caserta province of southern Italy. The first of a long series of arrests came at just fourteen, when he was apprehended for writing a letter to King Victor Emmanuel II, complaining about local injustice. Malatesta was introduced to Mazzinian Republicanism while studying medicine at the University of Naples -- however, he was expelled from those studies in 1871 for joining a demonstration. Partly via his enthusiasm for the Paris Commune and partly via his friendship with Carmelo Palladino, he.
Direct action - immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect tactics such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Non-violent direct action 2.1 Other Examples 3 Direct action and anarchism 4 See also 5 External Links History The theory of direct action developed primarily in the context of labor struggles. In his 1920 book, Direct Action, William Mellor placed direct action firmly in the struggle between worker and employer for control "over the economic life of society." Mellor defined direct action "as the use of some form of economic power for securing of ends desired by those who possess that power." Mellor considered direct action a tool of both owners and workers. For this reason he included within his definition.
Democracy - Women voting and participating in politics in Europe and the Americas is, largely, a 20th century phenomenon. Gender equity has been recognized in other ways in other societies, however. The Iroquois Confederacy gave a strong political role to women as far back as its origins in the 12th century, although as in 19th century New Zealand, this was expressed as support for a specific male, not the right to sit in council. However, they like many Native American societies recognized rituals to allow post-menopausal or powerful widowed women to assume the role of a man - it is likely that at some point in its long history, the Confederacy permitted a full and formal role to women using some such provision. Records and dates are however incomplete. There are more limited.
Democracy: An American Novel - get rid of John Carrington: He secures a post abroad for his rival, who, as the job is rather well-paid and his family have not got enough money, cannot but accept the offer. Step by step, Ratcliffe manoeuvres Madeleine Lee into a difficult position in which he thinks the only choice left to her will be to marry him. Carrington, however, has left behind a sealed letter in which he accuses Ratcliffe of being corrupt. In particular, he accuses him of having taken graft during the election campaign eight years ago. All evidence, Carrington adds, has been destroyed, so it is his word against Ratcliffe's. The latter of course denies all allegations, but Madeleine Lee is so shocked at the revelation that she turns down Ratcliffe's proposal of marriage. Furious, Ratcliffe.
Anarcho-capitalism - harmful, including (or especially) in matters of justice and self-defense. It draws ideas from the tradition of classical liberalism (see libertarianism) and arguably from individualist anarchism as well, but discards certain portions of these traditions. Anarcho-capitalists promote individual property rights and free markets (in the sense of freedom from violent interference) as the most just and effective way to organize all services. They see the definition of property rights through contracts and common law as a universal mechanism to solve conflicts. They regard capitalist corporations as being the product of voluntary contracts and thus a legitimate and efficient way for people to organize, with freedom to choose a competitor or to enter competition as the universal way to preserve and promote quality in services. This analysis includes all goods and services,.
Anarcho-pacifism - Anarcho-pacifism Anarcho-pacifism is a form of anarchism emphasizing the complete rejection of violence in any form for any purpose (esp. political). It is most commonly associated with religious anarchism, such as Christian anarchism or Buddhist anarchism. However, the punk rock band Crass polemicised a variant of anarcho-pacifism whilst at the same time explicitly rejecting all religions, especially the symbols of 'establishment' Christian mythology. In fact the band faced legal prosecution for blasphemy due to their composition "Reality Asylum". See also Leo Tolstoy This is a stub article. http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/images/meridor_yaakov.jpg.
Capitalism - connections and arrangements in the economy has shown a degree of similarity to other networks such as the phone system or the Internet. [1] has examples of networks of company directors. Networks of customer links, and monetary flows exhibit similar structures. Some see the evolution of capitalist economies as a positive adaptation and tendency towards improvement. Others see it as pointless random and chaotic fluctuations. Unknown/Unapproved Direction of Capitalist Economies While there is a great deal of planning within companies and other organisations in capitalist economies, there is no economy-wide direction, or even any reliable prediction or knowledge of how the economy will behave or perform more than a year into the future. While nearly all transactions may be approved of and planned by the people taking part, many society-wide phenomena.
Conspicuous consumption - in density in response to rewarding behaviors. Group behaviors subvert reward relationships developed over longer terms through a process of meme-contagion, whereby excitement passes among individuals by the exchange of artifacts, symbols and language related to loosely directed, often purposeless hedonic excitement - a "frenzy" as observed in many animal species. Pathological abuse and dependence on materials begins when upregulated hedonic needs override sustainable behaviors in relation to an environment. Rats, for instance, are known to be willing to press levers to give themselves orgasms over and over again even if it means depriving themselves of food - and life. Some link this also to chemical addiction, arguing that self-titration of psychoactive substances, or "self-medication", becomes near-pandemic in cultures where pleasure-seeking behaviors have reached such pathological proportion. Inflamed hedonic expectations among.
State - the constitutive and declarative theories of recognition of states. According to the constitutive theory, a state exists only insofar as it is recognized by other states. The declarative theory, by contrast, holds that the existence of a state is independent of its recognition by other states. Which theory is correct is a controversial issue in international law. An example in practice was the collapse of central government in Somalia in the early 1990s: the Montevideo convention would imply that the state of Somalia no longer existed, and the subsequently declared republic of Somaliland (comprising part of the so-called "former" Somalia) may meet the criteria for statehood. However the self-declared republic has not achieved recognition by other states. A further controversy, within political philosophy, centers on the question of when the state.
Steve Booth - and published a novel, City-Death explaining his idea of green anarchism. In the mid 1990s he wrote 'Politics And The Ethical Void'. Booth contributed controversial articles to Green Anarchist which appeared to laud indiscriminate violence against members of the public (such as the Aum Shinrikyo sarin attacks on the Tokyo Tube) as 'liberatory'. Starting in 1995, the Hampshire Police under 'Operation Washington' began a series of at least 56 raids, which eventually resulted in the August to November 1997 Portsmouth trial of Green Anarchist editors Booth, Saxon Wood, Noel Molland and Paul Rodgers, as well as Animal Liberation Front Press Officer Robin Webb and Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group newsletter editor Simon Russell. The defendants organised the GANDALF Defence campaign. Three of the editors of Green Anarchist, Noel Molland, Saxon Wood.
Religion - to some degree both unempirical (see empiricism) and dogmatic, and are therefore to be distrusted. A system of thought that is purely rational would be a science rather than a religion, and a system that is not in the least dogmatic would be unable to guide its adherents in any way. It can be seen, on the other hand, that certain schools of thought within various religions strive to embody rationalism, such as the Nyaya school of Hinduism, and to use unimpeachable logic to defend ontological and moral concepts. Comparing religion to spirituality Many Westernerners prefer to use the term spirituality rather than religion to describe their form of belief. This may reflect a large-scale disillusionment with organized religion that is occurring in much of the Western world (see Religion in.
Reclaim the Streets - obstruct the regular users of these spaces such as car drivers and public bus riders, the philosophy of Reclaim the Streets is that it is vehicle traffic, not pedestrians who are causing the obstruction, and that by occupying the road they are in fact opening up public space. RTS events are usually spectacular and colourful, with dancing, traffic disruption and occasionally violence. The style of the parties in many places has been influenced by the rave scene in the UK. These "street parties" have been held in cities all over Europe, Australia, North America, and Africa. See also: Stop the City, No Logo, Naomi Klein, Anarchism, Situationism, Critical Mass, London Action Resource Centre, Guerilla gardening, SchNEWS.
Riot - crowds of people have gathered and are committing crimes or acts of violence. Dispersing violent crowds is typically a task for the police, although widespread rioting may require military support. One reason unstable countries typically have paramilitary forces is because without them, rioting would be a daily occurrence. To control riots often non-lethal weapons are used, such as water cannons, rubber bullets, flexible baton rounds and riot control agent. Deadly force is used in some repressive countries to stop riots, particularly if martial law is declared or in a country at war. This is generally permissible under the laws of war so long as nonparticipating civilians are not intended targets. Collateral damage is a usual result. Riots in Newark, New Jersey See also Riot control: police, Riot control agent, paramilitary, military,.
Pacifism - war. Many (but not all) pacifists have a commitment to non-violence in general in society, making a commitment to achieving one's goals only through actively non-violent resistance or non-aggressive means. Other pacifists may not on principle be opposed to all social use of coercion or violence in all cases, but believe that war is a category of violence which is never necessary nor acceptable. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Pragmatic pacifism 3 Principled or radical pacifism 4 Pacifism and international aggressions 5 Pacifism and Religion 6 See also 7 External Links History Caption: "Leading Citizens" want War and declare War; Citizens Who are Led fight the War (USA Socialist Anti-War cartoon, 1910) Some religious organizations, such as the Society of Friends, have been pacific for centuries. In the 19th.
Politics - coordinate individual actions for mutual (or strictly personal) gain. What distinguishes the political from the ethical or merely social is a much-debated question. Most theorists would acknowledge that to be political, a process has to involve at least some potential for use of force or violence - politics is about conflict that is about much more than theory and fashion. To win a political conflict always implies that one has taken power away from one group or faction to give it to another. Most would also acknowledge that political conflict can easily degrade to zero-sum games, with little learned or settled by conflict other than "who won and who lost": Lenin said politics was about "who could do what to whom" (Russian "Kto-Kgo" for "Who-Whom"). As political scientist Harold Lasswell said,.
