Arno Allan Penzias - Arno Allan Penzias Arno Allan Penzias (born 1933) is an American physicist. He won the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics, together with Robert Woodrow Wilson, for their 1964 accidental discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB): while working on a new type of antenna at Bell Labs in Holmdel, New Jersey, they found a source of noise in the atmosphere that they could not explain. After clearing the antenna of pigeon droppings, the noise was finally identified as CMB, the single most striking proof of the Big Bang. External Links Arno Allan Penzias.
1978 - film March - Leigh Brackett completes the first draft for the Star Wars sequel, The Empire Strikes Back September - George Lucas purchases Bulltail Ranch, on Lucas Valley Road, for the development of Skywalker Ranch. The Deer Hunter Animal House starring John Belushi US Supreme Court lists words that should not be used in movies. 1978 in literature The World According to Garp by John Irving 1978 in music January 14 - Sex Pistols' final concert in Winterland, San Francisco 1978 in sports 1978 in television November 17 - The Star Wars Holiday Special airs on CBS. The special gives fans their first glimpse of Boba Fett, a character from the upcoming sequel. Taxi premieres on ABC. Births February 7 - Ashton Kutcher, actor May 1 - Matt Lovato, bass musician.
Cosmic microwave background radiation - scale of 180 degrees of arc. It is due to the motion of the observer against the CBR, which is some 700 km/s for the Earth. Much smaller variations due to external physics also exist; the Sunyaev-Zel'dovic-Effect is one of the major factors here. Even more interesting are anisotropies at a level of roughly 1/100000 and on a scale of a few arc minutes. Those very small variations correspond to the density fluctuations at the last scattering surface and give valuable information about the seeds for the large scale structures we observe now. These small-scale variations give observational constraints on the properties of universe, and are therefore one important test for cosmological models. Theory The CBR was predicted by George Gamow, Ralph Alpher, and Robert Hermann in the 1940s and was.
Robert Woodrow Wilson - He won the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics, together with Arno Allan Penzias, for their 1964 accidental discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB): while working on a new type of antenna at Bell Labs in Holmdel, New Jersey, they found a source of noise in the atmosphere that they could not explain. After clearing the antenna of pigeon droppings, the noise was finally identified as CMB, the single most striking proof of the Big Bang. External Links Robert Woodrow Wilson.
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa - his equipment. Kapitsa won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 for his work in low-temperature physics. He shared the Prize with Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson. External Links Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa.
Nobel Prize in Physics - of fundamental symmetry principles" Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" 1964 Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov (Николай Геннадиевич Басов), and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov (Александр Михайлович Прохоров) "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (朝永 振一郎), Julian Schwinger, and Richard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" 1966 Alfred Kastler "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" 1968 Luis Walter Alvarez "for his.
List of astronomers - - 1777) Samuel Pierpont Langley Pierre-Simon Laplace (France, 1749 - 1827) William Lassell (Britain, 1799 - 1880) Henrietta Swan Leavitt (USA, 1868 - 1921) Georges Lemaître (Belgium, 1894 - 1966) Pierre Lemonnier (France, 1715 - 1799) Urbain Le Verrier (France, 1811 - 1877) Bertil Lindblad (Sweden, 1895 - 1965) Joseph Lockyer (Britain, 1836 - 1920) Percival Lowell (USA, 1855 - 1916) Bernard-Ferdinand Lyot (France, 1897 - 1952) M Adriaan van Maanen (USA, 1884 - 1946) Christopher McKee (USA, 1942 -) Charles Messier (France, 1730 - 1817) Rudolph Minkowski (Germany, 1895 - 1976) Maria Mitchell (USA, 1818 - 1889) August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790 - 1868) Johannes Müller (Germany, 1436 - 1476) N Patrick Moore Nils Mustelin Nabu-rimanni (Babylonia, circa 560 BC - 480 BC) Isaac Newton (Britain, 1643 - 1727) Peter.
List of famous experiments - uses a telescope to observe that the moons of Jupiter appear to circle Jupiter. This evidence supports the heliocentric model, and hurts the geocentric model of the cosmos (1609) Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detect the cosmic microwave background radiation, giving support to the theory of the Big Bang (1964) Biology Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers microorganisms Robert Hooke, using a microscope, observes cells (1665) Edward Jenner tests the first vaccine (1796) Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments lead him to surmize many of the fundemental theories of genetics (dominant vs recessive genes, the 1-2-1 ratio, etc) (1856-1863) Louis Pasteur uses S-shaped flasks to prevent spores from contaminating broth. Disproves the theory of Spontaneous generation (also known as abiogenesis). (1861) A continuation of the rancid meat experiment done by Francesco Redi Frederick Griffith.
List of physics topics M-Q - mechanics) Partition function (quantum field theory) Pascal, Blaise Paschen, Friedrich Path integral formulation of quantum mechanics Paul, Wolfgang Pauli effect Pauli matrices Pauli principle Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst Pauling, Linus Péclet, Jean Claude Eugène Peclet number Pélerin de Maricourt Peltier effect Pendulum Penrose, Roger Penzias, Arno Allan Perfect gas Perfect gas equation of state Period Perl, Martin Permeability Permittivity Perrin, Jean Baptiste Perturbation theory Phase diagram Phase of matter Phase space Phase transition Phase velocity Phasor Phillips, William D Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica Phonon Photoconductivity Photodiode Photoelectric effect Photon Physical chemistry Physical constants Physical experiment Physical field Physical information Physical interaction Physical law Physical observation Physical phenomenon Physical quantity Physical Science Physical space Physical state Physical system Physical theory Physical unit Physicist Physics Wikipedia:Physics basic topics Physics basic topics Pion Pionium Planck's.
Holmdel Township, New Jersey - of the 2000 census, the township had a total population of 15,781. In 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation while working in this town. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 46.9 km² (18.1 mi²). 46.5 km² (18.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.3 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.66% water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there are 15,781 people, 4,947 households, and 4,328 families residing in the township. The population density is 339.1/km² (878.4/mi²). There are 5,137 housing units at an average density of 110.4/km² (285.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the township is 80.20% White, 0.65% African American, 0.03% Native American, 17.45% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.52%.
Timeline of knowledge about the interstellar and intergalactic medium - - Lyman Spitzer predicts coronal gas around the Milky Way 1965 - James Gunn and Bruce Peterson use observations of the relatively low absorption of the blue component of the Lyman-alpha line from 3C9 to strongly constrain the density and ionization state of the intergalactic medium 1969 - Lewis Snyder, David Buhl, Ben Zuckerman, and Patrick Palmer find interstellar formaldehyde 1970 - Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson find interstellar carbon monoxide 1970 - George Carruthers observes molecular hydrogen in space 1977 - Christopher McKee and Jeremiah Ostriker propose a three component theory of the interstellar medium.
Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy - with temperature about 5 K 1955 - Tigran Shmaonov finds excess microwave emission with a temperature of roughly 3 K 1964 - A. G. Doroshkevich and Igor Dmitrievich Novikov write an unnoticed paper suggesting microwave searches for the blackbody radiation predicted by Gamow, Alpher, and Herman 1965 - Arno Penzias, Robert Wilson, Bernie Burke, Robert Dicke, and James Peebles discover the cosmic microwave background radiation 1966 - Rainer Sachs and Arthur Wolfe theoretically predict microwave background fluctuation amplitudes created by gravitational potential variations between observers and the last scattering surface (see Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect) 1968 - Martin Rees and Dennis Sciama theoretically predict microwave background fluctuation amplitudes created by photons traversing time-dependent potential wells 1969 - R. A. Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich study the inverse Compton scattering of microwave background.
Observation - doppler-shifted in color toward the red side of the spectrum. Einstein correspondingly modified his field equation. See Cosmological constant Hypothesis about the abundance of the elements If the universe is expanding, then it must have been much smaller and therefore hotter and denser in the past. George Gamow hypothesized that the abundance of the elements in the Periodic Table of the Elements, might be accounted for by nuclear reactions in a hot dense universe. He was disputed by Fred Hoyle, who invented the term 'Big Bang' to disparage it. Fermi and others noted that this process would have stopped after only the light elements were created, and thus did not account for the abundance of heavier elements. Gamow's prediction: One consequence of this hypothesis was a 5 - 10 Kelvin blackbody.
List of poets - J. V. Cunningham, poet Allen Curnow, (1911-2001), poet Ivor Cutler, Scottish poet, musician and thinker D Sapardi Djoko Damono, Indonesian Poet Kate Daniels, poet Gabriele D'Annunzio, (1863-1938), revolutionary Jia Dao, poet Ruben Dario, (1867-1916), poet Erasmus Darwin, (1731-1802), British poet and herbalist René Daumal, (1908-1944), poet Jean Daurat, (1508-1588), poet W. H. Davies, poet William Davenant, (1606-1668), poet Donald Davidson, (1893-1968), poet John Davies, (1569-1626), historian Edward Davison, (organized Colorado Writers 1937 conference), poet Peter Davison, (born 1951), (poet son of Edward) Denis Davydov, (1784-1839), poet Cecil Day-Lewis, poet Ales Debeljak, (born 1961), poet Anton Debeljak, (1887-1952), poet Tine Debeljak, (born 1913), poet Walter de la Mare, author, poet DeCosta-Willis (Erotique Noire/Black Erotica) Madeline DeFrees, poet Marie de France, poet Thomas Dekker, (1575-1641), poet Milan Dekleva, (born 1946), poet Leconte de.
List of people by name: Pe - Sharon Kay, (born 1945), author Penn, Arthur, (born 1922), film director Penn, Clarence, musician Penner, Joe, (died 1941), comedian, actor Penney, James C, (born 1875), department store founder Penn, Irvin, (born 1917), photographer Penn, Irving, photographer Pennisi, Francesco, (born 1934), composer Penn, Leo, (died 1998), film director Pennoyer, Sylvester, US Oregon Governor Penn, Sean, (born 1960), US actor Penn, William, (1644-1718), English founder of Pennsylvania Penny, Hank, musician Penrose, Roger, (born 1931), astronomer, astrophysicist, mathematician Penzias, Arno, astronomer Pepin, Lucie, Canadian senator Peplowski, Ken, musician Peppard, George, (1928-1994), US actor Pepper, Barry, (born 1970), actor Pepusch, Johann Christoph, (1667-1752), songwriter Pep, Willie, (born 1922), world champion boxer Pepys, Samuel, (1633-1703), English diarist, public official Perceval, Spencer, (1762-1812), Prime Minister of Great Britain (assassination) Percier, Charles, (1764-1838) Percy, Henry of the Isle.
Hugh Allan - Hugh Allan Sir Hugh Allan (1810-1882) was a Scottish born Canadian financier and shipowner. In 1826, he emigrated to Canada and worked for a shipbuilding company in Montreal, Lower Canada, where he later founded the Allan line of steamships. He was given the contract to build the Canadian Pacific Railway, but plans fell through in 1873 after the Pacific scandal. Source: http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/A/Allan-Si.html.
Edgar Allan Poe - Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 - October 7, 1849) was a 19th century poet, novelist and short story writer. He also worked as a literary critic and editor but was more successful as an author. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 1.1 Poe's death 2 Legacy 3 Notable works 3.2 Poems 3.3 Stories 3.4 Novels 4 Adaptations 5.
Davie Allan - Davie Allan Davie Allan was a 1960s soundtrack-musician, specializing in surf rock and psychedelic music, used in numerous teen and biker movies. Their first hit was "Apache '65", and their biggest was "Blues Theme" from The Wild Angels soundtrack in 1967 (see 1967 in music)..
David Allan Coe - David Allan Coe David Allan Coe (born September 6, 1939) is an American country singer who had his greatest popularity in the 1970s. Known for his outlaw persona, Coe spent most of his youth in various prisons until releasing his debut album, Penitentiary Blues in 1968 and touring with Grand Funk Railroad. His concerts were wild and unpredictable, as Coe began calling himself the Masked Rhinestone Cowboy and he wore a rhinestone costume and Lone Ranger mask, riding into concerts on a motorcycle. He was not able to expand beyond a cult following, however, and other artists found more success than him with his songs. Tanya Tucker, Billie Jo Spears, George Jones, Tammy Wynette and Willie Nelson all recorded Coe compositions. Johnny Paycheck made a short career.
David Allan - David Allan David Allan (1744 - August 6, 1796) was a Scottish painter, best known for historical subjects. He was born at Alloa, Scotland. On leaving Foulis's academy of painting at Glasgow (1762), after seven years' successful study, he obtained the patronage of Lord Cathcart and of Erskine of Mar, on whose estate he had been born. Erskine made it possible for him to travel to Rome (1764), where he remained for several years engaged principally in copying the old masters. Among the original works which he then painted was the "Origin of Portraiture"--representing a Corinthian maid drawing her lover's shadow--well known through Domenico Cunego's excellent engraving. This won him the gold medal given by the Academy of St Luke in the year 1773 for the best.
