Audiogalaxy - Audiogalaxy Audiogalaxy was a file sharing system located at http://www.audiogalaxy.com/ that indexes MP3 files. Founded by Michael Merhej and sporting a web-based search engine, always-on searching for requested files, auto-resume and low system impact, it quickly gained ground among file sharers abandoning Napster in 2001. Some observing the previous downfall of Napster via lawsuit were shocked at the design of Audiogalaxy, which was in some ways more centralized then Napster. In May of 2001, Audiogalaxy implemented "groups" which allowed group members to send songs to everyone in the group. Clever hackers used this backdoor to circumvent the "blocked songs" restriction, where Audiogalaxy could deny transfer of specific copyrighted songs. On May 9th, 2002, Audiogalaxy required songs to be in the sender's shared folder to be sent..
Hilary Rosen - Internet grew. During her tenure, the RIAA and similar lobbying groups have achieved many legal victories in the United States, including: The dismantling of the Napster and Audiogalaxy Internet file-trading services. Passage of the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The Supreme Court's decision in the Eldred v. Ashcroft case, which rules that the United States Congress has the authority to extend copyrights indefinitely. Rosen also created initiatives designed to encourage industry adoption of new digital copyright protection technologies, including copy protected CDs and a number of digital rights management-enabled media formats for personal computers. Copy protected CDs did not prove popular with consumers as they cannot be played in most car CD players or on PCs, and only a few pilot titles were ever distributed with the technology. DRM enabled media.
File sharing - What if a person in Canada wishes to share a piece of source code which, if compiled, has encryption capabilities? In some countries, a citizen may not request or receive such information without special permission. Through 2001 and 2002, the entire file-sharing community has been in a state of flux, since record companies and RIAA try to shut down as much of this as possible. Even though they have forced Napster into cooperating against copyright violations, they are way behind, since the community has flourished and produced lots of different clients, though not as many different underlying protocols. The second generation of P2P protocols, such as Freenet are not as dependent as Napster is on a central server, making it much harder to shut down these systems through court actions. Another.
Napster - publicity, and millions of users flocked to the service. Napster use peaked with 13.6 million users in February 2001 (source: comScore Media Metrix). Supporters of Napster were puzzled at the time regarding the lawsuit. To them it seemed that file sharing was a feature of the internet, and not Napster per se, Napster acting as essentially a search engine. Many argued any attempt to shut down napster would simply lead to people using a different medium to exchange files over the internet (as has arguably happened with peer-to-peer software like Audiogalaxy, Morpheus, Gnutella, and Kazaa). Similarly many supporters of Napster were concerned about the media's constant use of the word "site" to describe the service (when it was a program not a website), a word which seems to imply that Napster.
Morpheus (computer program) - peer-to-peer (P2P) platform. Located at Morpheus.com, it has a web-based search interface, just like Audiogalaxy, though Morpheus searches all kinds of media, not just MP3s. In 2001, Morpheus changed protocol from OpenNAP to FastTrack. On February 26 2002, all Morpheus clients suddenly stopped working when the FastTrack protocol was updated and Morpheus users no longer were allowed to log into the network. This was apparently because of licensing disputes between StreamCast and the owners of FastTrack. On March 2, a new, less-robust Morpheus client using Gnutella as its P2P medium was released. For other meanings of the name Morpheus, see Morpheus..
