International Bolshevik Tendency - International Bolshevik Tendency The International Bolshevik Tendency is a Trotskyist international organisation. It was formed by former members of the International Spartacist Tendency (iSt) in the USA and Canada, but many of its current members are not former Spartacists. The IBT group in Germany was also drawn from members of the iSt who had formed the Group IV Internationale (GIVI) before joining the newly formed IBT as the Spartacus Group. The IBT section in New Zealand, the Permanent Revolution Group (PRG), was founded by former Spartacist leader Bill Logan. Politically it claims to continue the Spartacist tradition which it is argued degenerated in the late 1970s. It is no coincidence that most of the founding cadre of the IBT were pushed out of the iSt in those.
Bolshevik - Bolshevik Bolshevik (derived from Russian word for "majority") is the name given to the faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) led by Vladimir Lenin, formed at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The other faction was known as the Mensheviks, derived from "minority". Shortly after the Bolsheviks seized power during the Russian Revolution of 1917, they changed their name to the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), and then at the 1936 Party Congress to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The word "Bolshevik" is sometimes used as a synonym of Communist. It was often used by right-wingers outside the Soviet Union as a term of abuse for left-wingers, not all of whom were necessarily Communists. The Bolshevik political platform has often been referred.
Bolshevik Current for the Fourth International - Bolshevik Current for the Fourth International The Bolshevik Current for the Fourth International is a Trotskyist international organisation besed in Argentina. It consists of the Partido Bolchevique por la Cuarta Internacional in Argentina, the Bolshevik Internationalist League in Brazil, and the Communist Workers' Group in the United States and Canada. See also: List of Trotskyist internationals.
KGB - all U.S. efforts to catch KGB spies, and could protect their assets by safely redirecting any investigation that came close, or at least provide sufficient warning; also, counter-intelligence had the job of vetting foreign sources of intelligence, so moles in that area were in a position to give a stamp of approval to double agents against the CIA. With the capture of Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen, it appears that Angleton's fears, deemed paranoid at the time, were well-grounded. The KGB occasionally conducted assassinations, mainly of defectors. Organization The KGB was organized into directorates. Some of the main directorates were: The First Chief Directorate (Foreign Operations) was responsible for foreign operations and intelligence-gathering activities. The Second Chief Directorate was responsible for internal political control of citizens and foreigners within the Soviet.
Kliment Voroshilov - He was born in Verkhneye, Yekaterinoslav province, of the then Russian Empire. He joined the Bolshevik party in 1903. Following the Revolution he was a member of the Ukrainian provisional government and Commissar for internal affairs. Organizing the defense of Tsaritsyn during the civil war, he became closely associated with Joseph Stalin. Voroshilov was elected to the Central Committee (1921-1961). In 1925 after the death of Mikhail Frunze, Voroshilov was appointed People's Commissar for military and navy affairs and chairman of the Military Revolutionary Council of the USSR, a post he held until 1934. He was made full member of the newly formed Politburo in 1926, remaining a member until 1952. He was heavily involved in the Great Purge that lasted throughout the 1930s. Voroshilov was appointed People's Commissar for Defence.
Kornilov Affair - intervene in the chaotic situation of Russia after the July Days. Kerensky was later to claim that Kornilov's actions were a turning point in the revolution, a crucial factor in the sudden revival of the Bolshevik cause. Kornilov shared the widespread belief of many middle-class Russians that the country was descending into anarchy and that military defeat would be disastrous for Russian pride and honour. Lenin and his 'German spies', he announced, should be hanged, the Soviets stamped out, military discipline restored and the provisional government 'restructured'. Kerensky dismissed his commander-in-chief from his post on September 9, claiming Kornilov intended to set up a military dictatorship. Kornilov replied by issuing a call to all Russians to 'save their dying land' and ordered his Cossacks to advance on Petrograd. Uncertain of the.
Komsomol - and preferment in promotion. For example, Yuri Andropov, CPSU General Secretary for a short time following Brezhnyev reached political heights by means of the Komsomol organisation of Karelia. At its height, in the 1970's, Komsomol had tens of millions of members; around two thirds of the present adult population of Russia is believed to have once been a member. During the revolution, the Bolsheviks showed no interest in establishing or maintaining a youth wing. However, by 1918 the first Congress was held under the partonage of the Bolshevik Party, despite the organisations having not entirely coincident membership or beliefs. By the time of the second Congress, a year later, however, the Bolsheviks had, in effect, taken control of the organisation, and it was soon formally established as the youth wing of.
Kronstadt rebellion - peasantry and artisans) and these demanded "full freedom of action" for all peasants and artisans who did not hire labour. Like the Petrograd workers, the Kronstadt sailors demanded the equalisation of wages and the end of roadblock detachments restricting travel and the ability of workers to bring food into the city. Finally, in March 1921, the Kronstadt naval base, celebrated by the Communists as one of the sources of the October Revolution, rose in rebellion against Communist rule. It is worth noting that the sailors and other Kronstadt rebels demanded free Soviets and the summoning of a constituent assembly. The Communist Government responded with an ultimatum on 2 March. This asserted that the revolt had "undoubtedly been prepared by French counterintelligence" and that the Petropavlovsk resolution was a "SR-Black Hundred" resolution.
Kuressaare - different names throughout its existence. Its historic German-like name used to be Arensburg that was replaced by Kuressaare in 1917. During the Soviet period, in 1952-1988 it was called Kingissepa after the bolshevik Viktor Kingissepp who was born here. Kuressaare was the first town in Estonia where the self-governing status was restored in October 1990. Today, Kuressaare is a safe and healthy town, open for international cooperation and communication and having eight twin-towns. Twin Towns Ekenäs, Finland since 21 November 1988 Rønne, Denmark since 3 October 1991 Mariehamn, Finland since 24 October 1991 Skövde, Sweden since 23 June 1993 Vammala, Finland since 30 June 1994 Turku, Finland since 30 May 1996 Talsi, Latvia since 27 May 1998 Kuurne, Belgium since 9 August 1998.
Jaroslav Seifert - 1920s he was considered a leading representative of the Czechoslovakian artistic avant-garde. In March 1929, he and six other important communist writers were expelled from the Communist Party for signing a manifesto protesting against Bolshevik tendencies in the new leadership of Czechoslovak Communist Party. In 1949 Seifert left journalism and began to devote himself exclusively to literature. His poetry was awarded important state prizes in 1936, 1955, and 1968, and in 1967, he was designated National Artist. He was the official Chairman of the Czechoslovakian Writer's Union for several years (1968-70). He was the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1984, and he died in 1986..
Jaroslav Hasek - He made jokes not only on paper, but also in real life, angering many who considered him lazy, irresponsible, a vagabond, a drunkard, etc. In 1910 he married Jarmila Mayerová, herself an author, but when he was captured by the Russians during World War I, he married again in Russia. He became a Bolshevik commissar, but returned again to Prague after the war. Before the war, in 1911, he wrote his first stories about Svejk, but it was only after the war in his glorious novel that Svejk was to become the idiot savant who joked about the war as if it were a tavern brawl. By this time Hašek had become gravely ill and dangerously overweight. He no longer wrote, but dictated the chapters of Svejk from his bedroom in.
Jehovah's Witnesses and the Holocaust - them as Jehovah's Witnesses. All lost their employment, many were sent to regular prisons. So intense was the persecution that the German leader of the Bible students, Paul Balzereit, caved under the pressure and renounced his faith. As early as 1921, political and religious factions accused the Witnesses of being linked with the Jews in subversive political movements. Bible Students were branded as the dangerous, Bolshevik, "Jewish worm." In response, the April 15, 1930, German edition of The Golden Age (forerunner of Awake!) stated: "We have no reason to regard this false accusation as an insult—as we are convinced that the Jew is at least as valuable a person as a nominal Christian; but we reject the above untruth of the church tabloid because it is aimed at deprecating our work,.
Jozef Pilsudski - the Entente became apparent, Pilsudski organized a mutiny in which his troops declined to swear allegiance to the Austrian emperor in 1917. As a result of this action Pilsudski was arrested and sent to Magdeburg stronghold while his men were either interned or forced to join Austro-Hungarian army. With the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russia had to renounce claims to what was until then its' part of Poland, and Germany and Austria-Hungary announced the setting up of a Kingdom of Poland. In 1918 Pilsudski was released by the revolted german troops and on November 11 he became the provisional head of the newly-formed Polish state. However, it was Pilsudski's political opponent, Roman Dmowski, who represented Poland at the Versailles Treaty . With the outbreak of hostilities in February 1919, the Polish-Soviet war.
John Reed (journalist) - he left Portland as soon as he could, to attend Harvard University in 1910, and never looked back. While in Europe covering the events of World War I, Reed heard about the brewing Bolshevik Revolution, and went to Russia in 1917. His experiences and interviews with Vladimir Lenin became the subject of a book Ten Days that Shook the World. Upon dying in the Soviet Union, he became the only American buried in Red Square. A perennial urban legend in Reed's home town is that Reed College was named for this journalist. Although Reed College's unofficial and tongue-in-cheek motto is "Atheism, Communism, and Free Love", there is no truth to this rumor. The film Reds starring Warren Beatty was based on the life of John Reed..
Juho Kusti Paasikivi - doubts about the Fennoman Party’s obedient line. After the March Revolution in Russia 1917 Paasikivi became part of the council that begun to formulate new legislation. Initially he supported increased autonomy within the Russian Empire, in opposition to the Social Democrat Cabinet (Senate) which in vain strived for more far-reaching autonomy, but after the Bolshevik October Revolution Paasikivi championed full independence – albeit in the form of constitutional monarchy. During the Finnish Civil War Paasikivi was firmly on the side of the lawful White government. As Prime Minister May-November 1918 he strived for continued constitutional monarchy with Väinö I of Finland (a German Prince of Hesse) as King, intending to ensure Finland of German support against Bolshevist Russia. However, as Germany lost the World War, Monarchy had to be scrapped for.
Julius Martov - on the socialist parties that existed in other European countries such as the British Labour Party. At the end of the debate Martov won the vote 28-23 . Vladimir Lenin was unwilling to accept the result and formed a faction known as the Bolsheviks. Those who remained loyal to Martov, such as George Plekhanov, Fedor Dan and Irakli Tsereteli, became known as Mensheviks. At this stage Leon Trotsky who would become one of the Bolshevik leaders in the Russian Revolution in 1917 supported Martov's approach. After the reforms brought about by the 1905 Revolution, Martov argued that it was the role of revolutionaries to provide a militant opposition to the new bourgeois government. He advocated the joining a network of organisations such as trade unions, cooperatives, village councils and soviets to.
Yevgeny Zamyatin - This book influenced both Nineteen Eighty-Four and Brave New World. An early Bolshevik and later critic of the Soviet dictatorship. He was arrested during the abortive revolution of 1905. Held as suspect by the Soviet authorities after the revolution in 1917, particularly because of his very political writings, he was eventually given permission to leave Russia by Stalin in 1931. He lived in Paris from 1931-1937, where he died..
International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) - expelled from the ICFI in 1966. The groups see themselves as a revolutionary propaganda group, and devote most of their time in attempts to polemicise with other socialist groups. This is often seen as simple disruption of these other group's activities. They undertake very little trade union activity. The International Bolshevik Tendency which split in 1985 claim that this has only been the case since they left the group. Another split occurred in 1996 when the League for the Fourth International left. The ICL(FI) also take pro-Stalinist viewpoints, opposing the fall of the Berlin Wall and using slogans such as "Support North Korea's right to nuclear weapons!" The US group publishes the newspaper Workers Vanguard and the theoretical journal Spartacist, while the UK group publishes Workers Hammer. External Link International Communist.
Iskra - emigrants in London about 1903. Some of the staff were later involved in the Bolshevik revolution of October 1917. Staff members: Lenin; Plechanov, Georgij Valentinovic; Zasulich, Vera Ivanovna; Axelrod, Pavel Borisovich; Martov Julius (Ilija Cederbaum); Potresov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich; lately: Trotsky Printing: Blumenfeld. source: L. Trotsky "My Life"..
Henry Wise Wood - the radical Albertan branch of the wave of agrarian discontent that was sweeping Canada at the time. He consistently refused to run for office, but backed the United Farmers when they ran for office in the province and also supported the Progressive Party of Canada federally. Wise Wood's ideology was one of class conflict. Often accused of being a Bolshevik Wood was nothing of the sort, but did borrow from their vocabulary. He saw how the two main parties the Liberals and the Conservatives were dominated by the industrial interests of central Canada. He did not see this as a problem as he aknowledged that every class should do its utmost to curry favour from the governmentment. What he did see as a problem was that the rural interests were not.
