History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - History of Bosnia and Herzegovina This is the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. See also the history of Yugoslavia, history of Europe, and history of present-day nations and states. Bosnia is inhabited at least since neolithic. In the early Bronze Age, the peaceful population of neolithic was replaced by more warlike tribes known as the Illyres. In the year 168 BC the land of Illyres became the Roman Province of Illyria. In year 10, following a four-year rebellion of Illyres, Illyria was divided and a thin northern strip of today's Bosnia became part of the new province Pannonia, while the rest of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Dalmatia. Both of the provinces were later included in the Western Roman Empire (following events from the years.
Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia. Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N, 18 00 E Map references: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe Area: total: 51,129 km˛ land: 51,129 km˛ water: 0 km˛ Area - comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia Land boundaries: total: 1,459 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro) Coastline: 20 km Maritime claims: NA Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast Terrain: mountains and valleys Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maglic 2,386 m Natural resources: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower.
United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina The United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) is an international organization formed under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1035, as extended by Security Council Resolution 1357. From the UNIMBH website: UNMIBH’s mandate is to contribute to the establishment of the rule of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) by assisting in reforming and restructuring the local police, assessing the functioning of the existing judicial system, and monitoring and auditing the performance of the police and others involved in the maintenance of law and order. It has completed its mandate in December 2002..
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, informerly the Muslim-Croat Federation, is one of two constituent republics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Republika Srpska. It is divided into ten cantons Una-Sana Posavina Tuzla Zenica-Doboj Bosnian Podrinje Central Bosnia Herzegovina-Neretva West Herzegovina Sarajevo West Bosnia.
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Flag Ratio: 1:2 The current national flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted on February 4, 1998 replacing a different flag that served as flag from independence. The current flag has a yellow triangle on top of a blue field, with a set of stars along the edge of the triangle. The three points of the triangle stand for the three-nation theory of Bosnia (Croat, Muslim, and Serb). The stars are meant to be infinite in number and thus they continue from top to bottom..
Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina The implementation of the Dayton Accords of 1995 has focused the efforts of policymakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the international community, on regional stabilization in the former Yugoslavia. With the end of the conflict in Kosovo, these efforts will continue to a larger extent. Within Bosnia and Herzegovina, relations with its neighbors of Croatia, Albania, and Serbia have been fairly stable since the signing of Dayton in 1995. Foreign Aid In the 3 years since the Dayton Accords were signed, over $4 billion in foreign aid has flown into Bosnia, about $800 million of it coming from SEED funds. As stated above, this support has been key to the growth and revitalization of the economy and infrastructure in the.
Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina Next to Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.), Bosnia and Herzegovina was the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav Federation. For the most part, agriculture has been in private hands, but farms have been small and inefficient, and food has traditionally been a net import for the republic. The centrally planned economy has resulted in some legacies in the economy. Industry is greatly overstaffed, reflecting the rigidity of the planned economy. Under Josip Broz Tito, military industries were pushed in the republic; Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. Three years of interethnic strife destroyed the economy and infrastructure in Bosnia, causing unemployment to soar and production to plummet by 80%, as well as causing the death of about 200,000.
Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Population: 3,835,777 note: All data dealing with population are subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2000 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 20% (male 401,554; female 379,303) 15-64 years: 71% (male 1,403,618; female 1,323,307) 65 years and over: 9% (male 138,173; female 189,822) (2000 est.) Population growth rate: 3.1% (2000 est.) Birth rate: 12.92 births/1,000 population (2000 est.) Death rate: 7.87 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.) Net migration rate: 25.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2000 est.) Infant mortality rate: 25.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) Life expectancy at birth:.
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in the Balkan peninsula, formerly part of Yugoslavia. Bosna i Hercegovina Official languages Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian Capital Sarajevo President Dragan Čović Area - Total - % water Ranked 124th 51,129 km˛ Negligible Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 119th 3,922,205 78/km˛ Independence April 5, 1992 Airline1 Air Srpska Currency Convertible Mark Time zone UTC +1 National anthem Intermeco Internet TLD .BA Calling Code 387 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Politics 3 Political divisions 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture 8 Miscellaneous topics 9.
Communications of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Communications of Bosnia and Herzegovina Telephones - main lines in use: 885,000 (2002) Telephones - mobile cellular: 707,000 (2002) Telephone system: telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations Radio broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998) Radios: 940,000 (1997) Television broadcast stations: 33 (plus 292 repeaters) (September 1995) Televisions: NA Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 30 (2003) Internet users: 45,000 (2001) (est. 65,000 (2003)) Country code (top level domain): BA See also : Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina Writers Ivo Andric - Nobel Prize laureate of 1961 See also: Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Transportation in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Transportation in Bosnia and Herzegovina Railways: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km) standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1995); note - some segments still need repair and/or reconstruction Highways: total: 21,846 km paved: 11,425 km unpaved: 10,421 km (1996 est.) note: roads need maintenance and repair Waterways: NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris Pipelines: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted Ports and harbors: Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava none of which are fully operational), Orasje Merchant marine: none (1999 est.) Airports: 27 (1999 est.) Airports - with paved runways: total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2.
Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Principal Government Officials President--Dragan Covic (Croat) Prime Minister--Adnan Terzic (Bosniak) President (RS)--Dragan Cavic President (Federation)--Niko Lozancic (Croat) Vice Presidents (Federation)--Sahbaz Dzihanovic (Bosniak) and Desnica Radivojevic (Serb) President and Cabinet The Presidency in Bosnia Herzegovina rotates among three members (Bosniak, Serb, Croat), each elected for a 4-year term. The three members of the Presidency are elected directly by the people (Federation votes for the Bosniak/Croat, RS for the Serb). The Presidency is responsible for: Conducting the foreign policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Appointing ambassadors and other international representatives, no more than two thirds of which may come from the Federation; Representing Bosnia and Herzegovina in European and international organizations and institutions and seeking membership in such organizations and institutions of which it is.
Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina More than 95% of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to one of its three constitutive nations: Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. The term constitutive refers to the fact that these three nations are explicitely mentioned in The Constitution, and that neither of them can be considered a minority or immigrant. Bosnian Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks have no major physical traits by which they can be distinguished. A recent genetical study showed that variance of genome is larger among members of the same nation than between nations. While each have their own standard language variant and a name for it, they speak a mutually intelligible languages. On a dialectal level, Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks speak a variety of Štokavian dialects: Serbs, Bosniaks and.
Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Military of Bosnia and Herzegovina Military branches: VF Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army), VRS Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army) Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,131,537 (2002 est.) Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 898,117 (2002 est.) Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 29,757 (2002 est.) Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA% See also : Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Music of Bosnia and Herzegovina Like the surrounding Balkan countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina has had a turbulent past marked by frequent foreign invasions and occupation. As a result, Bosnian music is now a mixture of ethnic Albanian, Bosnian, Croatian, Gypsy, Turkish, Hungarian, Serbian and Macedonian influences. During its period as a part of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina was covered in state-supported amateur musical ensembles called Kulturno-Umetnička Društva (KUDs) who played folk music and released a few recordings on local labels. In the whole Balkan region, Bosnia and Herzegovina have perhaps retained the most marked Turkish infuence that can be seen in the popular urban music called sevdalinka. Sevdalinka is a mixture of Turkish and Bosnian music, especially Muslim religious melodies called ilahije alongside Jewish songs like "Kad.
Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a communist party from Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was formed in 2000 and strongly opposes the nationalism of the region and the collapse of Yugoslavia. One of their major aims is the establishment of a socialist federal Yugoslavia. They say they are not motivated by nostalgia as they were critical of Tito. They believe that socialism has to be democratic and oppose the system in the former USSR. External Link Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Herzegovina - Herzegovina Herzegovina (natively Херцеговина/Hercegovina) is a historical region in the Dinaric Alps that composes the southern part of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. Terrain is mostly hilly, karst except for the central valley of the river Neretva. Largest city is Mostar, in the center of the region. Other larger towns include Trebinje, Konjic, Livno and Srbinje/Foča. Borders between Bosnia and Herzegovina are unclear and often disputed. In early Middle Ages, the territory of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into many smaller independent states, thus Herzegovina encompasses the regions then known as Humska zemlja (Hum), Travunija, Zahumlje, Primorje, Konavli etc. Westernmost parts of Hercegovina belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia. Since 1320s, all of these lands are a part of the Bosnian kingdom. In a document sent.
Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia - Differences in official languages in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia Official languages in Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro differ in: Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Writing 1.1 Script 1.2 Orthography 2 Speaking 2.3 Accentuation 2.4 Morphology 2.5 Syntax 2.6 Vocabulary 3 Important notes on understanding Writing Script Though all could use either, the official language in Croatia and one of official languages in Bosnia that is called Bosnian language use exclusively the Latin alphabet while the official language in Serbia uses both Cyrillic alphabet and Latin alphabet. This is possible because all official languages have the same set of phonemes. In some regions of Serbia and Bosnia, the sound "h" does not exist but that is not part of the official languages. In some regions of Croatia and Bosnia, the sounds.
Bosniaks - were converted to Islam during the Ottoman period (15th-19th century). Bosniaks are named after Bosnia, the westernmost Balkan region held by the Turks. Most Muslim inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina declare themselves ethnically Bosniak, and also some Muslims of Serbia and Montenegro (in the Sandžak region). Note that other Muslims of the Balkans aren't Bosniaks; rather, they're Albanians and Turks. There are conflicting claims on how the population in Bosnia was converted to Islam. A large segment of Bosnian population at the time were members of an indigenous Bosnian Church (krstjani, "Christians") and were considered heretics by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, and they are said to have willingly embraced Islam. Some of the converts may have been Bogomils or Patarenes. Many Christian children became Muslims by.
