Korean Buddhism - Korean Buddhism Since Korean Buddhism has come to the attention of Western scholarship rather late compared with Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, it still lies, with its deep store of untouched resources, almost fully open for exploration. And while early ignorance regarding the Korean Buddhist tradition lent to some degree of uninformed glossing over from preconceptions drawn from models in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, scholars of East Asian Buddhism nowadays are generally becoming aware of the important role of Korean Buddhism in the East Asian religious/philosophical sphere. The most distinctive general characteristic that can be seen in the Korean Buddhist tradition is the tendency for its most noted thinkers to be holistic in the interpretation of doctrine and to be exasperatingly thorough in the resolution of doctrinal and.
Japanese Buddhism - Japanese Buddhism Japanese Buddhism Buddhism was introduced to Japan via the Korean peninsula in 572, when Baekje monks came to Nara to introduce the eight doctrinal schools. The Nara schools would eventually wane in influence. Until 584, Buddhism failed to establish a strong footing in Japan. Some years later Empress Suiko openly encouraged the acceptance of Buddhism among all Japanese people. In 607, in order to obtain copies of Sutras, an imperial envoy was dispatched to Sui dynasty China. As time progressed and the number of Buddhist clergy incraesed, the offices of Sojo (archbishop) and Sozu (bishop) were created. By 627 there were 46 Buddhist temples, 816 Buddhist priests, and 569 Buddhist nuns in Japan. Major Buddhist schools in Japan include: Zen (Soto and Rinzai) Shingon, the.
Indian Buddhism - Indian Buddhism Indian Buddhism Theravada ("Way of the Elders") the single remaining representative of the eighteen (or twenty) Nikaya Schools of Indian Buddhism. Due to errors in early Buddhist scholarship, it sometimes mistakenly associated with the term Hinayana. This school is now most common in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Indochina. Sarvastivadin One of the main branches of Indian Abhidharma that was instrumental in the creation of Yogacara doctrine. It's system of monastic rules Vinaya is still used in the Gelukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. Madhyamika (Middle Way school) founded by Nagarjuna Yogacara founded by Asanga and Vasubandhu. Also known as Cittamatra, Vijnanavada (Mind Only, Consciousness-Mind Only). Tathagatagarbha A trend of Indian and East Asian Buddhist thought that is derived from Yogacara. See also Buddhism.
East Asian Buddhism - East Asian Buddhism East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Buddhism that developed in the East Asian region, usually understood to be Mahayana by historical transmission. This includes Chinese Buddhism, Korean Buddhism, and Japanese Buddhism. Although, strictly speaking, Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, the character of Vietnamese Buddhism is in many ways closer to that of its northern East Asian relatives, rather than the other Southeast Asian countries..
Vegetarianism - prior to the dawn of God-authorized human meat-eating.) In Chinese societies, "simple eating" (素食 su4shi2) refers to a particular restricted diet associated with Taoist monks, and sometimes practiced by members of the general population during Taoist festivals. It is referred to by the English word "vegetarian;" however, though it rejects meat, eggs and milk, this diet does include oysters and oyster products. Fructarians (more commonly called "fruitarians") eat only fruit, nuts, seeds and other plant matter that can be gathered without harming the plant. Thus a fructarian will eat beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins and the like, but will refuse to eat potatoes or spinach. The following is not generally considered vegetarianism: Some people choose to avoid certain types of meat for many of the same reasons that others choose vegetarianism --.
Kara-Khanid Khanate - the Muslim Qarluk-Uygurs, did not dispossess all of the Kara-Khanid domains. Instead, the "Khitans" (most of them were actually Naimans, Tanguts and Qarluks speaking the same Turkic language as that of the Kara-Khanids) retreated to the northern steppes and had the Kara-Khanids act as its tax-collectors and administrators on Muslim sedentary populations (the same practice was adopted by the Golden Horde on the Russian Steppes). The Kara-Khitans even incorporated Kara-Khanid Muslim generals such as Muhammad Tai, who surrendered to the Naiman usurper Kushluk at the end of the Kara-Khitan Dynasty. Kushlug, the last ruler of the Kara-Khitan Dynasty, was especially harsh on the Muslim populations under his suzereignty. He went so far as to forcing conversions from Islam to Buddhism, the dominant religion of the ruling Kara-Khitans. The elite Kara-Khitans and.
Kagyu - was Gampopa (1079-1153 CE), a great synthesizer, who can be recognized as the real founder of Kagyu as a distinct School of Tibetan Buddhism. Following Gampopa's teachings, there evolved the so-called "Four Major" and the "Eight Minor" lineages of the Kagyu School. The head of the Kagyu school,more specifically of its Karma Kagyu tradition, is the Gyalwa Karmapa, whose appearance is said to have been predicted by the Buddha in the Samadhiraja Sutra (lit: Sermon regarding the Kings of Meditative Absorption). Currently there is a dispute regarding the identity of the 17th Karmapa (this dispute was predicted by the 12th Karmapa). Other prominent lamas (lit: Teachers) include the Shamarpa and T'ai Situpa. The central teaching of this School is the doctrine of Mahamudra, or "the Great Seal", as elucidated by Gampopa.
Kadam - Kadam Kadam Buddhism is a Mahayana Buddhist school founded by the great Indian Buddhist Master Atisha (982 - 1054). His followers are known as Kadampas: 'ka' means 'word' and refers to Buddha's teachings, and 'dam' refers to Atisha's special Lamrim instructions known as the stages of the path to enlightenment. By integrating their knowledge of all Buddha's teachings into their practice of Lamrim, and by integrating this into their everyday life, Kadampa Buddhists are encouraged to use Buddha's teachings as practical methods for transforming daily activities into the path to enlightenment. The great Kadampa teachers are to some, famous not only for being great scholars but also for being spiritual practitioners of immense purity and sincerity. The lineages of these teachings, both their scriptural transmission and realization, were.
Kangxi Emperor of China - Chakhar into the Eight Banners. In 1681 he eventually pacified South China and overcame the crisis. After the surrender of the Zheng family, the Qing Dynasty annexed Taiwan in 1684. Russia and the Mongols At the same time, the Emperor was faced with the Russian advance from the north. The Qing Dynasty and the Russian Empire went into battle on the Sahaliyan ula in 1650s, which ended up with the Manchu victory. The Russians invaded the northern frontier again in 1680s. After series of battles and negotiations, the two empires signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689. The Khalkha Mongols preserved their independence while they paid tribute to the Manchu Empire. A conflict between the Houses of Jasaghtu Khan and Tösheetü Khan led another dispute between the Khalkha and the Jüün.
Kandy - century BC, Indo-Europeans from the Ganges Valley invaded Sri Lanka. Ancestors of the Sinhalese, they ruled the island for more than 2,000 years. Beginning in the 3rd century BC, the country was converted to a pure form of Indian Buddhism that would continue to be practised in the future. The famous tooth of Buddha, a relic symbolising a 4th-century tradition that is often linked to royalty, was brought to Sri Lanka. From this time on, the Royal Palace and the Temple of the Tooth have been associated with the administrative and religious functions of Sri Lanka's capital city. Anuradhapura enjoyed the status of capital city from the 4th century BC until the 8th century AD, when it was replaced by Polonnaruwa, which was capital until the 13th century. From 1592 until.
Vesak - birth, Enlightenment and passing of Gautama Buddha on the one historical day, the first full moon day in May, except in a leap year when the festival is held in June. It is celebrated throughout Southeast Asia where Theravada Buddhism is prevalent. In Thailand, Buddhists celebrate Vesak with mass releases of caged birds, sacred chants, fasting and other religious observances..
Kalimpong - the name Kalimpong have included: from "ridge where we play" in Lepcha (cf. Lepcha, My Vanishing Tribe, A.R. Foning, ASIN: 8120706854) from "hillock assembly" in Lepcha (cf. The Unknown and Untold Reality about the Lepchas, K.P. Tamsang) from the fibrous kaulim plant found in abundance in the region from kali bong ("black spur") in the 'language of the local hill people' Several significant monasteries are found within walking distance of the town. Tharpa Choeling Gompa is a monastery of the Yellow Hat sect (Gelug Buddhism). Beyond it is Tongsa Gompa, also known as the Bhutanese monastery, which is the oldest monastery in the area dating to 1692. The monks there belong to the Red Hat sect (Kagyu Buddhism). The newest monastery in town, Zong Dog Palri Fo-Brang Monastery, was consecrated by.
Kegon - the name of the Japanese transmission of the Huayan school of Chinese Buddhism. Huayan studies were founded in Japan when, in 736, the scholar-priest Rōben 良辯 (originally a Hossō 法相 specialist) invited the Korean Simsang 審祥 to give lectures on the Huayan jing at Konshu-ji 金鐘寺. When the construction of Tōdaiji 東大寺 was completed, Rōben entered that temple to formally initiate Kegon as a field of study in Japanese Buddhism, and the Kegon shū would become known as one of the "six Nara 奈良 schools." Kegon thought was later be popularized in Japan by Myōe 明惠, who combined its doctrines with those of the esoteric school 密教, and Gyōnen 凝然, who is most responsible for the establishment of the Tōdaiji lineage of Kegon. The most important philosophical contributions of the Huayan.
Kensho - the nature", is an experience described in the context of Zen Buddhism. The term is often used to denote an initial awakening experience, seeing one's True or Buddha Nature, that can be enlarged and clarified through further practice in daily life. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Khmer Empire - the Khmer Empire's immense power and wealth, as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time. The empire's official religions included Hinduism, Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Rulers 2 See also 3 Sources Rulers Chronological listing with reign, title and posthumous title(s), where known. 802-850: Jayavarman II (Paramesvara) 854-877: Jayavarman III (Vishnuloka) 877-889: Indravarman II (Isvaraloka) 889-910: Yasovarman I (Paramasivaloka) 910-923: Hashavarman I (Rudraloka) 923-928: Isanavarman II (Paramarudraloka) 928-941: Jayavarman IV (Paramasivapada) 941-944: Harshavarman II (Vrahmaloka or Brahmaloka) 944-968: Rajendravarman (Sivaloka) 968-1001: Jayavarman V (Paramasivaloka) 1001-1002?: Udayadityavarman I 1002-1011?: Jayaviravarman 1001-1050: Suryavarman I (Narvanapala la) 1050-1066: Udayadityavarman II 1066-1080?: Harshavarman III (Sadasivapada) 1080-1113?: Jayavarman VI (Paramakaivalyapada) 1113-1150: Suryavarman I (Paramavishnuloka) 1150-1160: Dharanindravarman II (Paramanishkalapada) 1160-1165/6: Yasovarman II 1181-1220?: Jayavarman VII (Mahaparamasangata?) 1220-1243: Indravarman.
King Kanishka - south, including Malwa. Knowledge of his hold over Central Asia is less well established. Chinese records indicate that general Pan-Chao defeated a Kushan army at Khotan in 90 AD. Also controlling the land and sea trade routes between India and Rome seems to have been one of Kanishka's chief imperial goals. A great deal of information about the Kushana kings has been gathered from their coins. Kanishka's coins show Hindu, Buddhist, Greek, Persian and even Sumerian-Elamite images of gods. This is demonstrative of religious syncretism in his beliefs. His reputation in Buddhist tradition is based mainly on his having convened a great Buddhist council in Kashmir. This council is attributed with having encouraged the spread of Mahayana Buddhism. His greatest contribution to Buddhist architecture is the great stupa at Peshawar. Archaeologists.
Koan - announced to the public. In much the same sense, a koan states a realized principle, or law of reality. Koans are used almost exclusively in Ch'an (Chinese) and Zen (Japanese) schools of Buddhism, and specifically by the Rinzai or "Sudden Enlightenment" school. The other main branch of Zen, called Soto or "Gradual Enlightenment", does not normally use koans. There are compilations and commentary written with respect to koan. Two notable collections of koan are the Gateless Gate and the Blue Cliff Record. In Sudden Enlightenment training, koans are given to students, according to their ability, to break through and directly perceive reality with the wisdom eye. Not all koans actually have an answer or explanation, which can be frustrating to people who are used to expecting answers. Instead, they sometimes are.
Kofun - the late 5th century, was distinguished by powerful great clans or extended families, including their dependents. Each clan was headed by a patriarch who performed sacred rites to the clan's kami to ensure the long-term welfare of the clan. Clan members were the aristocracy, and the kingly line that controlled the Yamato court was at its pinnacle. The Kofun Period of Japanese culture is also sometimes called the Yamato Period by some Western Scholars, since this local Chieftain ship eventually rose up to become the Imperial Dynasty at the end of the Kofun Period. Japanese archaeologists find this a little predeterministic and emphasise the fact that in the early half of the Kofun Period other regional Chieftainships, such as Kibi near modern day Okayama were in close contention for the crown.
Kokei - monk at the age of seven, when he climbed Mt. Hiei to Enryakuji Monastery, one of the centers of Japanese Buddhism. Kokei is credited with the building of the Enryuji (円隆寺) Temple in Tango (丹後; ancient name for region to the north of Kyoto on Japan Sea) during the period 995-998. In the year 1003 AD, he boarded a vessel in an attempt to travel to Song Dynasty China to study Buddhism, however, the vessel was unable to depart, and he gave up that ambition. Around 1026, he left Enryakuji and built a thatched hermitage in the Tanba region north of Kyoto at Ikegami (池上). It is said to have been the predecessor of the Ikegami-in (池上院) sub-temple. In reference to this hermitage, he was also known as "Ikegami Ajari" (池上阿闍梨:.
Korean Shamanism - that are developed in Korea. They have deep roots and been influenced by Buddhism. Even though belief in Korean shamanism is not considered widespread these days, the practices are kept alive. In the past such shamanistic rites have doubled as agricultural rites, such as prayers for abundant harvest. With a shift away from agriculture in modern Korea this has been completely lost. The rites themselves underwent a number of changes through the Silla and Goryeo periods. Even during the Joseon Dynasty which was Confucian in every way, shamanistic rites were allowed to continue. Korean shamanism is distinguished by its seeking to solve human problems through a meeting of humanity and the spirits. This meeting is mediated by a shaman. This can be seen clearly in the various types of gut that.
