Cathedral architecture - Cathedral architecture Cologne cathedral The architecture of cathedrals The essential element of a cathedral is the cathedra, the throne of the bishop. Also, there are usually 2 separate areas or chapels, one which houses the Blessed Sacrament, and the other which is used for the singing of the Holy Office. From the architectural point of view there is special treatment as regards dimensions and style for a cathedral church, which differs from the requirements for a church or abbey. There are cases when the former are comparatively small buildings (like the old cathedral at Athens), and some parish churches and abbeys are larger than many cathedrals. In recent times, indeed, some English abbeys or minsterss, such as those of Ripon, Manchester, St Albans and Southwell, partly.
Gloucester Cathedral - Gloucester Cathedral Gloucester Cathedral, in Gloucester, England, stands in the north of the city near the river. It originated with the foundation of an abbey dedicated to Saint Peter in 681 (dissolved by King Henry VIII of England). The foundations of the present church were laid by Abbot Serlo (1072-1104). Walter Gloucester (d. 1412) its historian, became its first mitred abbot in 1381. Until 1541, Gloucester lay in the see of Worcester, but the separate see was then constituted, with John Wakeman, last abbot of Tewkesbury, as its first bishop. The diocese covers the greater part of Gloucestershire, with small parts of Herefordshire and Wiltshire. ''Gloucester Cathedral from a photo ca. 1920 '' The cathedral consists of a Norman nucleus, with additions in every style of Gothic.
Gothic architecture - Gothic architecture Gothic architecture is any of the styles of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, in use throughout Europe during the high and late medieval period, from the 12th century onwards. It was succeeded by Renaissance architecture, a revival of Roman formulas, at varying times in Europe, beginning in Florence in the 15th century. Gothic architecture has nothing to do with the historical Goths. It was a pejorative term that came to be used as early as the 1530s to describe culture that was considered rude and barbaric. Francois Rabelais imagines an inscription over the door of his Utopian Abbey of Theleme, "Here enter no hypocrites, bigots..." slipping in a slighting reference to 'Gotz' (rendered as 'Huns' in Thomas Urquhart's English translation) and 'Ostrogotz.'.
Aachen Cathedral - Aachen Cathedral The Aachen Cathedral, frequently referred to as the "Imperial Cathedral" (in German: Kaiserdom) of Aachen, is the oldest cathedral in northern Europe. Charlemagne began the construction of the Palace Chapel in 786. When he died in 814, he was buried in his own cathedral, and his bones are still preserved in a special shrine. The cathedral obtained its present shape in the course of more than a millennium. The core of the Aachen cathedral is the Palace Chapel; being surprisingly small in comparison to the later additions, at the time of its construction it was the largest dome north of the Alps. Its fascinating architecture with Classical, Byzantine and Germanic-Franconian elements is the essence of a monumental building of great importance: for 600 years, from.
Architecture - Architecture Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings. A wider definition would include within its scope the design of the total built environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and landscape to the microlevel of furniture and product design. Architecture, equally importantly, also refers to the product of such a design. According to the earliest surviving work on the subject, Vitruvius' On Architecture, good building should have Beauty (Venustas), Firmness (Firmitas) and Utility (Utilitas); architecture can be said to be a balance and coordination among these three elements, with none overpowering the others. A modern day definition sees architecture as addressing functional, aesthetic, and psychological considerations. However, looked at another way, function itself is seen as encompassing all criteria, including aesthetic and.
Byzantine architecture - Byzantine architecture Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine empire. That empire emerged in AD 330 when Constantine moved the capital of the Roman empire to Byzantium, which was later renamed Constantinople and is now Istanbul. Early Byzantine architecture is essentially a continuation of Roman architecture. Examples include the walls of Byzantium and Yerebatan Saray. A frieze in the Ortrogothic palace in Ravenna (now S Apollinare Nuovo) depicts an early Byzantine palace. Gradually, a style emerged which was influence more by the architecture of the near east, and used the Greek cross plan for the church architecture which mostly stands today. Brick replaced stone, classical orders were used more freely, mosaics replaced carved decoration, and complex domes were erected. Ultimately, Byzantine architecture in Italy gave way.
Cathedral - Cathedral A Cathedral is a (frequently but not always large) Christian church, the central church of a bishopric. Designation A cathedral, more correctly "cathedral church" (ecclesia cathedralis), is the church which contains the official "seat" or throne of a bishop. Cathedra, one of the Greek/Latin names for this, gives us the adjective "cathedral". The adjective has gradually assumed the character of a noun. One of the earliest instances of the term ecclesia cathedralis is said to occur in the acts of the council of Tarragona in 516. Another name for a cathedral church is ecclesia mater, indicating that it is the mother church of a diocese. As the one important church, it was also known as ecclesia major. Again, as the supposed chief house of God.
Cathedral diagram - Cathedral diagram This article discusses cathedral diagrams: The following picture represents the floor-plan of the Abbey of St.-Denis, showing the parts of a Gothic church. (The black dots are the columns supporting the roof.) For comparison, the follwoing is the plan of Tewkesbury Abbey with the corresponding parts highlighted in the same colors. (Note: They are not drawn to the same scale; they are drawn to be about the same length in the diagram.) In these two cruciform (cross shaped) buildings the arms of the cross (together, the "transept," which formed an aisle across the building) are quite pronounced; however, the transept arms might be so short as not to stick out past the sides of the building (as at Notre-Dame de Paris), or there might.
Cathedral of Chartres - Cathedral of Chartres The Cathedral of Chartres ("Cathedral of Our Lady in Chartres," French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), located in Chartres, about 50 miles from Paris, is considered the finest example in all France of the "high Gothic" style of architecture. Construction of a new building on the Romanesque foundations was begun in 1145, but a fire in 1194 destroyed all but the west front of the cathedral (and much of the town), so that part is in the "early Gothic" style. The body of the cathedral was rebuilt between 1205 and 1220, a remarkably short span for medieval cathedrals. The cathedral has been inscribed by the UNESCO on the list of World Heritage Sites in 1979..
Capital (architecture) - Capital (architecture) In Western architecture, the capital (from the Latin caput, 'head') forms the crowning member of the column, which projects on each side as it rises, in order to support the abacus and unite the square form of the latter with the circular shaft. The bulk of the capital may either be convex, as in the Doric order; concave, as in the bell of lhe Corinthian order; or bracketed out, as in the Ionic order. These form the three principal types on which all capitals are based. From the prominent position it occupies in all monumental buildings, the capital has always been the favourite feature selected for ornamentation, and consequently it has become the clearest indicator of any style. Ancient capitals The two earliest Egyptian capitals.
Twentieth-century architecture of New York City - Twentieth-century architecture of New York City The 20th century architecture of New York City includes numerous icons of architecture, most notably its striking skyscrapers. At the beginning of the century, the city was a center for the Beaux-Arts movement, with architects like Stanford White and Carrere and Hastings. New York's skyscrapers include the Flatiron Building (1902) where Fifth Avenue crosses Broadway at Madison Square, Cass Gilbert's Woolworth Building (1913) a neo-Gothic "Cathedral of Commerce" overlooking City Hall, the Chrysler Building (1929) the purest expression of the Art Deco skyscraper and the Empire State Building (1931) are all skyscraper icons. Modernist architect Raymond Hood and after World War II Lever House began the clusters of 'glass boxes' that transformed the more classic previous skyline of the 1930s. When the.
St Vitus Cathedral - St Vitus Cathedral St Vitus Cathedral is the main cathedral in Prague, within the walls of the hradcany castle. Containing the tombs of past rulers of Bohemia, it is an excellent example of gothic architecture..
Romanesque architecture - Romanesque architecture The name Romanesque, like many other stylistic designations, was not a term contemporary with the art it describes but an invention of modern scholarship to categorize a period. The term "Romanesque" attempts to link the architecture, especially, of the 11th and 12th centuries in medieval Europe to Roman Architecture based on similarities of forms and materials. Romanesque is characterised by a use of round or slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults. The great carved portals of 12th century church facades parallel the architectural novelty of the period - monumental stone sculpture seems reborn in the Romanesque. Romanesque seems to have been the first pan-European style since Roman Imperial Architecture and examples are found in every part of the continent..
Medieval architecture - Medieval architecture Medieval architecture Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Religious architecture 2 Romanesque 3 Gothic 4 Secular architecture 4.1 Castles and Other Secular Examples 5 Elements of Medieval Architecture Religious architecture The Latin Cross plan takes as its model the Roman Basilica. It consists of a nave and two sections half its size flanking it, and the altar stands at the far end (the small end of the cross). Also, cathedrals influenced or commissioned by Justinian employed the Byzantine style of domes and a Greek Cross (resembling a plus sign), centering attention on the altar at the center of the church. Romanesque Main article: Romanesque architecture Before about the 12th century, cathedral-builders used the Romanesque style. This style put a lot of stress on the walls, forcing.
Kolomenskoe - toward the sky from the lower cross-shaped podklet (the ground floor), then a chetverik (an octagonal body) of the churh, and then an octagonal hipped roof, crowned by a little flat head. The narrow pilasters on the sides of the chetverik, the arrow-shaped window frames, the three tiers of the kokoshniks and the quiet rithm of the stone stair arcades and the gulbische gallaries emphasize the dinamic tendency of this masterpiece of the Russian architecture. The Church of St George the Baptist Kolomenskoe complex also includes a five-pillar church of the Church of the Beheading of St. John the Forerunner (the Baptist) of Dyakovo (1547, see picture), admittedly buit by the same masters, who later built the Saint Basil's Cathedral on the Red Square of Moscow. The other sites of the.
Kraków - (2001) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 General background 2 History 2.1 4th century 2.2 8th century 2.3 10th century 2.4 11th to 13th century 2.5 14th century 2.6 15th to 16 century 2.7 15th century 2.8 16th century 2.9 20th century 3 Kraków Today 3.10 Architecture 4 Sights 4.11 Culture 4.12 Education General background Kraków belongs traditionally to the leading scientific, cultural and artistic centres of the country. It was once the capital of Poland and is considered by many to be still the heart of Poland, having a more than thousand-years-long tradition. Kraków is also a major centre of local and foreign tourism. Every year the city is visited by more than 2,000,000 tourists. History 4th century First traces of setllements on the Wawel hill. 8th century The history of.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann - for the ideas it contained but for its style. Augustus III, elector of Saxony and king of Poland, granted him a pension of 200 thalers, that he might prosecute his studies in Rome. He arrived in Rome in November 1755, became librarian to Cardinal Archinto, and received much kindness from Cardinal Passionei. After their deaths he was received as librarian and as a friend into the house of Cardinal Albani, who was forming his magnificent collection at Porta Salara. In 1763, while retaining this position, Winckelmann was made prefect of antiquities. He devoted himself earnestly, at first with the aid of his friend Anton Raphael Mengs, to the study of Roman antiquities, and gradually acquired an unrivalled knowledge of ancient art. In 1760 appeared his Description des pierres gravées du feu.
Vigevano - Falconry and the Ladies' Loggia made for Beatrice d'Este. Vigevano has one of the finest piazzas in Italy, an elongated rectangle, also said to have been laid out by Bramante, and certainly built for Lodovico il Moro, starting in 1492, planned to form a noble forecourt to his castle, unified by the arcades that completely surround the square. It is significant that Lodovico demolished the former palazzo of the commune of Vigevano to create the space. The opposite end was enclosed in the 17th century by the concave Baroque facade of the cathedral, cleverly adjusted to bring the ancient duomo into a line perpendicular to the axis of the piazza and centered on it. In a gesture that combined architecture and politics, the bishop removed Sforza's rampway that led to the.
John Loughborough Pearson - initially apprenticed to architect Ignatius Bonomi whose clergy clientele helped stimulate Pearson's long association with religious architecture, particularly of the Gothic style. His notable projects include: Truro Cathedral (1879-1910) He lived in central London at 13 Mansfield Street (where a blue plaque commemorates him)..
Hagia Sophia - was the cathedral of Constantinople (today's Istanbul, Turkey). The first great church on the site was built by Constantius, the son of Constantine the Great, but was burned down during the Nika riots of 532. The building was rebuilt in its present form in 532 - 537 under the personal supervision of emperor Justinian I. It was very important to the "Roman" Catholic Church, and later, early Orthodox Christianity and the Byzantine Empire, and is a prime example of Byzantine architecture. Of great artistic importance was its decorated interior with mosaics and marble pillars and coverings. The temple itself was so richly and artistically decorated that Justinian is believed to have said Νενίκηκά σε Σολομών (Solomon, I have surpassed you!). The Interior of Hagia Sophia, showing temporary scaffolding and newly-cleaned mosaicscirca.
