Chinese literature - Chinese literature Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient texts 2 Classic Novels 3 Classical Poetry 4 Modern 5 Overseas Chinese Literature 6 Others Ancient texts The Four Books (四書, Sì shū) are The Great Learning, (大學, Dà Xué). The Doctrine of the Golden Mean (中庸, Zhōng Yóng). The Analects of Confucius (論語, Lùn Yǔ), a book of pithy sayings attributed to Confucius. Mencius (孟子, Mèng Zǐ). The Five Classics (五經, Wǔ jīng) are The Classic of Poetry (詩經, Shī Jīng), made up of 305 poems. The Classic of History (書經, Shū Jīng) contains examples of early Chinese prose. The Book of Changes or I Ching (易經, Yì Jīng), a manual of divination based on the eight trigrams. The Classic of Rites (禮記, Lǐ Jì) describes ancient.
Vernacular Chinese - Vernacular Chinese Vernacular Chinese (白話, in pinyin: báihuà, literal meaning: "white/plain language") is a style of written Chinese which is based on spoken Mandarin Chinese and is the opposite of classical Chinese (wen yan). Although bai hua is based on Mandarin, it is the conventional written standard for speakers of all Chinese languages since the early 20th century. There has been a noticeable difference between the vernacular and classical styles since Qin dynasty. The difference gradually grew larger with the passage of time. In the time of the Tang and Song dynasties, vernacular Chinese took shape in the form of bian wen (變文, biànwén, "altered language") and yu lu (語錄, yǔlù, "language record"). In the Ming and Qing dynasties, vernacular Chinese began to be used in novels,.
Vernacular literature - Vernacular literature Vernacular literature is literature written in the speech of the common people. In the European tradition, this effectively means literature not written in Latin. In this context, vernacular literature appeared during the Middle Ages and it is widely accepted that the earliest European vernacular literature was written in Irish. The Italian poet Dante Alighieri, in his De vulgari eloquentia, was possibly the first European writer to argue cogently for the promotion of literature in the vernacular. By extension, the term is also used to describe, for example, Chinese literature not written in classical Chinese and Indian literature after Sanskrit..
Han Chinese - Han Chinese zh-cn:汉族 zh-tw:漢族 Han Chinese (Traditional: 漢, Simplified: 汉 in Pinyin: han4) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China which constitutes over 92% of the population. The term Han Chinese is sometimes used synonomously with "Chinese"; this usage tends to be frowned upon by Chinese. It was occasionally translated as "Chinese proper" in older texts (pre-1980s). The term was first used in the 19th century to distinguish the majority from the Manchu minority which ruled China. The name comes from the Han Dynasty which ruled the parts of China where Han Chinese originate. Many Uighurs, either disparagingly call the Han Chinese Anangga ski Hanzular or apply on them the historical ethnonym of Hitay (Khitan), originally belonging to a Confucian, but Mongolic.
History of literature - History of literature The subject of the history of literature is a vast and vexed one. It firstly demands a coherent primary definition of what does and what does not constitute literature. The first writings from ancient Sumeria by any reasonable definition do not constitute literature, no more than do the Egyptian hieroglyphics or the thousands of logs from ancient Chinese regimes. Moreover, it should be born in mind that given the significance of distance as a cultural isolator in early times, the historical development of literature did not occur at an even pace across the world. The problematics of creating a uniform global history of literature are compounded by the fact that many texts have been lost over the millennia, either deliberately, by accident, or by.
1922 in literature - 1922 in literature See also: 1921 in literature, other events of 1922, 1923 in literature, list of years in literature. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 New Books 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 Awards Events First Newbery Medal awarded to authors of distinguished books for children T. S. Eliot founds Criterion magazine. Ulysses by James Joyce is published. In 2001, the book would be one of three books by Joyce to be named as part of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century by the editorial board of the American Modern Library. Ulysses would be chosen as the #1 book of the century. New Books Babbitt - Sinclair Lewis The Beautiful and Damned - F. Scott Fitzgerald Captain Blood - Rafael Sabatini The Cross.
1960 in literature - 1960 in literature See also: 1959 in literature, other events of 1960, 1961 in literature, list of years in literature. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 New Books 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 Awards Events Lawrence Durrell publishes Clea, the final volume of the four-book collection titled The Alexandria Quartet that began in 1957. In 2001, the collection would be named as part of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century by the editorial board of the American Modern Library. New Books Casanova's Chinese Restaurant - Anthony Powell The Chapman Report - Irving Wallace Clea - Lawrence Durrell Critique of Dialectical Reason - Jean-Paul Sartre Don't Tell Alfred - Nancy Mitford For Your Eyes Only - Ian Fleming Green Eggs and Ham - Dr..
Anglo-Chinese College - Anglo-Chinese College Anglo-Chinese College (now known as 英華書院 or Ying Wa College) was the world's first Anglo-Chinese school. It was founded in Malacca, Malaysia, in Southeast Asia by missionary Robert Morrison in 1818. Early mission of the school was "The reciprocal cultivation of Chinese and European literature; and the diffusion of Christianity". Besides being a school, Chinese evangelists and pastors were trained in the school. Morrison's version of the Chinese Bible (《神天聖書》) was printed at the school in 1823. The operation of the school went on and off over the years. The tradition and history of the middle school is now carried on by Ying Wa College in Hong Kong. Notable Alumni Leung Fat Antony Leung.
Chinese classic texts - Chinese classic texts China has a wealth of classical literature, both poetry and prose, dating from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC) and including the Chinese classics texts, or Chinese canonical texts. Some of them are attributed to Confucius but he's probably only the editor of them. One of the aspects of the culture that allows its continuity is the importance given to those ancient texts, that shape the philosophies of the culture. Sì shū wǔ jīng (四書五經), the Four Books and the Five Classics, were mandated study of those Confucian scholars who wished to become government officials. Any political discussion was full of references to this background and one couldn't be a literati, and even a military officier, without knowing them perfectly..
Chinese poetry - Chinese poetry Shi (詩 py shi1) is the Chinese term for poem. Chinese poems came in many forms: Ancient poems (古詩) and Modern Chinese poems (新詩 vers libre) usually did not follow any prescribed pattern. Poems written in Tang dynasty prescribed to very strict patterns (see constrained writing.) One common form uses five syllables per line (五言詩). The other form uses seven syllables per line (七言詩). Some poems have four lines (絕詩), some have eight lines (律詩). The last syllable of every other line should rhyme. The last syllable of the second to last line may rhyme with the last syllable too. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early Poetry 2 See also: 3 Chinese poetry in translations: Early Poetry Among the earliest and most influential poetic.
Chinese pronouns - Chinese pronouns There are seven basic Chinese pronouns: 我 wo3 (1st sing.) 你,妳 ni3, ni3 (2nd sing. for masculine/feminine respectively) 他,她,牠,它 ta1, ta1, ta1, ta1 (3rd sing. for he/she/it [animate]/it [inanimate] respectively). The difference between 你 and 妳 is not always maintained. The distinction between 他 and 她 is usually maintained. 牠 is supposed to be used for all animals (note the 牛 radical) and 它 for inanimate objects, but this distinction is sometimes blurred. In Simplified Chinese, 妳 & 牠 are no longer used. The plural pronouns are formed by simply adding "们 / 們" men to the end of each pronoun; thus, 你们,我们,他/她/牠/它们, or 你們,我們,他/她/牠/它們 would mean you plural, we and they respectively. The pronoun 您 nin2 is used as a formal version of.
Classical Chinese - Classical Chinese Classical Chinese (文言 wényán, literal meaning: "literary language") is a style of writing the Chinese language which uses alternate sets of characters and grammar which resembles Chinese as it was written historically. It was used for almost all formal correspondence before the 20th century, not only in China but also in Korea and Japan. It is in contrast to bai hua which is a writing style that uses characters used in modern spoken Chinese. In practice there is a socially accepted continuum between bai hua and wen yan. A person writing a letter might include wen yan expressions and phrases to express that the matter being discussed is formal or serious and important. A letter written completely in wen yan would be considered stylistically odd,.
Comparative literature - Comparative literature Comparative literature, colloquially abbreviated "comp. lit.," is critical scholarship dealing with the literatures of several different languages. Students and professors of comparative literature (who are called "comparativists") are typically fluent in several non-English languages and acquainted with the literary traditions and major literary texts of those languages. Comparativists often study and teach in university departments of comparative literature, but many scholars with doctoral degrees in comparative literature are instead employed in other departments related to their particular expertise (such as English or foreign-language departments). Before 1960, almost all comparativists studied English literature, German literature, and French literature, with occasional forays into Italian literature (primarily for Dante) and Spanish literature (primarily for Cervantes). One monument to this approach is Erich Auerbach's book Mimesis, a survey of.
Simplified Chinese character - Simplified Chinese character zh-cn:简体中文 Simplified Chinese characters (简体字 or less frequently 简化字) are one of two standard character sets used in contemporary Chinese written language printing text. The other form is Traditional Chinese. Mainland China (where it was developed) and Singapore generally use this character set. It appears very sparingly in printed text in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Persons learning Chinese as a foreign language in the United States will generally learn the Simplified Set (as it is coupled with the Hanyu Pinyin system). In all areas, most handwritten text will include informal character simplifications, and some characters (such as the Tai in Taiwan) have informal simplified forms that appear more commonly than the official forms, even in print. Although associated with the People's Republic of.
List of Chinese proverbs - List of Chinese proverbs These are the humble beginnings of a collection of Chinese proverbs (歇後語 in pinyin: xie4 hou4 yu3; 諺語 yan4 yu3) and idioms, given in (and sorted by) pinyin transcription. Formulaic saying/expressions (成語 cheng2 yu3 -- "to become a saying") are known as four-character idioms (exceptions exist in the number of characters, though the majority are four). Wide differences in pronunciation exist between the dialect-languages for the more or less uniform writing system in the Chinese languages. Some proverbs and idioms come from written documents, and thus would be accessible to most Chinese today. Many other expressions, however, develop around a rhyme or rhythm of intonation, and because the verbal distinction is tied to the regional dialect, such a proverb or idiom would not.
Kansai Gaidai University - of KGU are trying hard every year and they have had a high annual rate Clubs At Nakamiya Campus, There are 25 kinds of sports clubs. American football, Archery, Karate, Ski, Kendo, Golf, Baseball, Tennis, Soccer, Judo, Kung fu, Water sports, Soft tennis, Table tennis, Japanese karate, Handball, Basketball, Badminton, Volleyball, Boxing, Rugby, Track and field, Cheerleadering, Aviation, and Outdoors club. There are also 36 kinds of cultural clubs. FBS(radio station), Brass band, Research of English, German, Spanish, and Chinese, Flower arrangement, Calligraphy, International Communication, Guide, Tea ceremony, Research of America, Personal computer, Movie, Newspaper, Photography club, The study of international affairs, Rakugo, Guitar, Translation, Go board, Shogi, Band, Choir, Dance, Folk song, Drama, Travel, Mandolin, Art, and Literature. External Links Kansai Gaidai's Home page.
Kim Stanley Robinson - non-monogamous relationships are commonplace). Some reviewers (including, for instance, many of the reader reviews at Amazon.com) have criticised these aspects of the books on the basis that it is Marxist and Green propaganda, and completely unrealistic. Other reviewers have categorised such people as wanting to read "Young Christian Republicans Go To Mars", and have suggested that the point of science fiction is to explore new ideas. Other novels His other novels include Icehenge (1984), The Memory of Whiteness (1985) -- a musican's tour through the solar system --and the alternate history The Years of Rice and Salt (2002), a thought experiment about a world without Christianity, featuring Muslim, Chinese and Hindu culture and philosophy. Not only because of the long time scale, but because of its realistic-utopian elements, and the frequent.
Korean Buddhism - the attention of Western scholarship rather late compared with Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, it still lies, with its deep store of untouched resources, almost fully open for exploration. And while early ignorance regarding the Korean Buddhist tradition lent to some degree of uninformed glossing over from preconceptions drawn from models in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, scholars of East Asian Buddhism nowadays are generally becoming aware of the important role of Korean Buddhism in the East Asian religious/philosophical sphere. The most distinctive general characteristic that can be seen in the Korean Buddhist tradition is the tendency for its most noted thinkers to be holistic in the interpretation of doctrine and to be exasperatingly thorough in the resolution of doctrinal and "loose ends" passed on from Buddhist predecessors. Korean scholars and monks not.
Japan - Japan comprises a chain of islands, the largest of which are, from south to north, Shikoku (四国), Kyushu (九州), Honshu (本州, the largest island), and Hokkaido (北海道). The Japanese name Nippon is used on stamps and for international sporting events, while Nihon is used more often within Japan. It is from the Chinese version of the name that the English Japan was derived. The early Mandarin Chinese word for Japan was recorded by Marco Polo as Cipangu. In Malay the Chinese word became Japang and was thus encountered by Portuguese traders in Moluccas in the 16th century. It is thought the Portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to Europe. It was first recorded in English in 1577 spelled Giapan. History Main article: History of Japan People who live.
James Legge - went in 1839 as a missionary to China, but remained at Malacca three years, in charge of the Anglo-Chinese College there. The College was subsequently moved to Hong Kong, where Legge lived for thirty years. Believing in the necessity of missionaries being able to comprehend the ideas and culture of the Chinese, he began in 1841 a translation in many volumes of the Chinese classics, a monumental task admirably executed and completed a few years before his death. In 1870 he returned to Aberdeen and in 1884 moved to Edinburgh University. In 1876 he assumed the new Chair of Chinese Language and Literature at Oxford. In addition to his other work Legge wrote The Life and Teaching of Confucius (1867); The Life and Teaching of Mencius (1875); The Religions of China.
