Codeine - Codeine Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5 percent. Most codeine used in the United States is produced from morphine. This is interesting since the pharmacological effects experienced after codeine administration are due to morphine. The liver converts codeine to morphine. In a few people, however, the enzyme responsible for this metabolism is missing and thus codeine is virtually ineffective in these individuals. Compared to morphine, codeine produces less analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression, and is frequently taken orally. Codeine is medically prescribed for the relief of moderate pain. It is made into tablets either alone or in combination with aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or ibuprophen. Codeine is an effective cough suppressant and is found in a number of liquid.
Johnny Tapia - became another candidate for fight of the year, Ayala edged out another close, split decision win; Tapia then went back home to prepare for his upcoming bouts in 2001, when he went up in weight and beat Famosito Gomez by a knockout in six, and former World Featherweight champion Cesar Soto by a knockout in three. In 2002, Tapia travelled to London, England, for his first professional fight abroad. There, he knocked out Eduardo Enrique Alvarez in the first round, and after the bout, he was interviewed by, of all people, his former rival Danny Romero. Tapia's next bout was for the IBF world Featherweight title, versus champion Manuel Medina. Tapia won a close 12 round decision, joining that exclusive group of boxers who have won world titles in three different.
Howard Hughes - most significant philanthropical organizations devoted to biological and medical research with a 2002 endowment of $11 billion. Hughes and espionage In 1972, Hughes was approached by the CIA to help secretly recover a Soviet nuclear submarine which had sunk near Hawaii four years before. He agreed. Thus the Hughes Glomar Explorer, a special-purpose salvage vessel, was born. Hughes's involvement provided the CIA with a plausible cover story, having to do with civilian marine research at extreme depths. In 1974 the Glomar Explorer successfully raised the Soviet boat, which yielded two nuclear-tipped torpedoes and some cryptographic machines. Hughes the recluse As time passed, Hughes descended into a reclusive, drug-addled life locked in darkened rooms and terrified of germs. He moved from hotel to hotel, from the Beverly Hills Hotel to Boston to.
DXM - of this substance include d-Form hydrobromide of Racemethorphan and demorphan hydrobromide. The advantages of DXM over codeine are the absence of constipation and (physical) addiction; it is also less sedative. DXM is recreationally used as a psychedelic drug that can cause dissociation and dreamlike mental effects, as well as visual and aural hallucinations that can last eight hours or longer in sufficiently high dosage, and can even include "out of body experiences" at very high doses. The user generally feels "disconnected" from reality, or disoriented. DXM can also cause vomiting, fever and death. There is also the possibility of psychological addiction. Unlike ketamine and PCP, DXM is legal in most places. The dissociative experiences associated with DXM are similar to those of ketamine. DXM has a longer biological half life than.
Drug - may be. Medicinal drugs (for example, to treat injury or disease). Please see Pharmacology. Recreational drug use - Drugs used in a non-medical manner. Analgesic (painkiller) drugs Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol or under its trade name Tylenol) Opiates Morphine Heroin Codeine Opiates are also used as recreational drugs. They are addictive. Acetaminophen and other non-opiate painkillers are often used in drug mixes for recreational purposes. Recreational drugs (to alter mood or body function for recreation). Alcohol Nicotine Caffeine Hallucinogens Cannabis MDMA GHB Heroin Cocaine Inhalants dissociative drugs Performance-enhancing drugs (for sport or combat). Amphetamine Ephedrine Cocaine Anabolic steroids Many enhancing drugs are also used for recreational purposes. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Regulations 2 UN Documents 3 See also Regulations Usage of most of drugs is.
Drug addiction - the major causes of crime. The War on Drugs is a U.S. attempt to reduce the harm caused by drug addiction and crime. Critics of the War on Drugs argue that like Prohibition, the 1920s attempt to control alcohol, the War on Drugs may actually be counter-productive. Instead, they call for the total or partial legalization of currently illegal addictive drugs. Classes of drugs regulated by the U.S. Controlled Substances Act: Depressants Hallucinogens Narcotics Stimulants Anabolic steroids Drugs in particular and groups of drugs including Licit Drugs and Chemicals of Concern, as listed on the DEA website: Methamphetamine and other Amphetamines OxyContin Cocaine LSD Heroin Ketamine Marijuana MDMA (Ecstasy) Steroids other club drugs Anorectic Drugs Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Buprenorphine Butorphanol Cannabis Chloral hydrate Codeine Dextroproxyphene Fentanyl Glutethimide Methaqualone Hashish Hashish oil Hydrocodone.
Dorothea Puente - homeless alcholic man known only as "Chief" whom Puente stated she had "adopted" and made her handyman. Puente had Chief dig in the basement and cart soil and rubbish away in a wheelbarrow. The basement floor was then covered with a concrete slab. Chief later took down a garage in the backyard and install a fresh concrete slab there as well. Soon afterward Chief mysteriously disappeared. Puente married for the third time in 1976 to a Pedro Montalvo who was a physically abusive alcoholic. The marriage only lasted a few months and Puente started to spend time in local bars looking for older men who were receiving benefits. She forged their signatures to steal their money but she eventually was caught and charged with thirty-four counts of treasury fraud. While on.
Acetaminophen - instance Tylenol (McNeil-PPC, Inc), Anacin-3 and Datril while it is known as Panadol in parts of Asia and Australasia. In some formulations acetaminophen is combined with the opiate codeine. It relieves headaches and other minor aches and pains, and lowers fever. Its chemical formula is C8H9NO2. Compared to other common analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which belong to a class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs, acetaminophen has the advantage of not causing stomach problems, though it doesn't reduce inflammation or act as an anticoagulant. Common dosage is 500mg (up to 1000mg) every 4 hours for adults. Doses above 150mg/kg or 7.5g for an adult is likely to cause hepatotoxicity. Overdoses of acetaminophen can lead to liver failure and a painful death if untreated; because of the.
Alkaloid - separation of the mixed bases so obtained is effected by repeated fractional crystallization, or by taking advantage of certain properties of the constituents. The following classification is simple and convenient; the list of alkaloids makes no pretence at being exhaustive. Pyridine group. Piperine; coniine; trigonelline; arecaidine; guvacine; pilocarpine; cytisine; nicotine; sparteine. Tropine group. Alkaloids characterized by containing the tropine nucleus. Atropine; cocaine; hygrine; ecgonine; pelletierine. Quinoline group. The alkaloids of the quina-barks: quinine, &c.; the strychnos bases: strychnine, brucine; and the veratrum alkaloids: veratrine, cevadine, &c. Isoquinoline group. The opium alkaloids: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, narcotine, narceine, &c.; and the complicated substances hydrastine and berberine. Phenethylamine group. The phenethylamine alkaloids: methamphetamine, mescaline, ephedrine, &c. Indole group. The indole alkaloids: tryptamine, DMT, NMT, &c In addition to the above series there are.
Analgesic - drugs depress the central nervous system and alter the perception of pain (Nociception). They are used to alleviate pain not relieved by the NSAIDs. Analgesics are frequently used in combination, such as the paracetamol and codeine preparations found in many non-prescription pain relievers. They can also be found in combination with vasoconstrictor drugs such as Pseudoephedrine for sinus-related preparations, or with anti-histamine drugs for allergy sufferers..
Thebaine - of opium, thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but produces stimulatory rather than depressant effects. Thebaine is not used therapeutically, but is converted into a variety of compounds including codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, nalbuphine, naloxone, naltrexone, and buprenorphine. It is controlled in Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act as well as under international law..
Controlled Substances Act - substance not be controlled, the DEA may not control the substance. Once the DEA has received the scientific and medical evaluation from HHS, the Administrator will evaluate all available data and make a final decision whether to propose that a drug or other substance be controlled and into which schedule it should be placed. The CSA also creates a closed system of distribution for those authorized to handle controlled substances. The cornerstone of this system is the registration of all those authorized by the DEA to handle controlled substances. All individuals and firms that are registered are required to maintain complete and accurate inventories and records of all transactions involving controlled substances, as well as security for the storage of controlled substances. Drug Schedules Schedule I Drugs, those considered to have.
Cough medicine - with expectorants, drugs designed to help the body expel mucus from the respiratory tract. Cough suppressants Cough suppressants can act centrally (on the brain) or locally (on the respiratory tract) to suppress the cough reflex. Centrally acting suppressants include DXM (dextromethorphan) and codeine. Peripherally acting substances include local anaesthetics that reduce sensation of the nerves of the throat, and demulcents that coat the back of the throat. Expectorants An Expectorant is a medicine or herb which increases the expulsion of tracheal or bronchial mucus through expectoration or coughing. Controversy It has been said that cough medicines are not necessary, and do not work..
Tramadol - Tramadol Tramadol is an analgesic, a synthetic analogue of codeine. It appears to have similar effects to opioids such as morphine, therefore it's also addictive. Although its method of operation is not fully understood it is believed to work in two complementary ways: The parent molecule and the first metabolite can bind to the nervous system opioid receptors, and cause the weak inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. The metabolite appears to be the stronger ligand in this. Brand names Tramadol is sold under the following brand names: Nobligan Tiparol Tradolan Tramal Ultram.
Psychoactive substance - Amphetamine Hallucinogens LSD Mescaline Psilocybin Cannabis (also an anti-depressant) PCP MDMA ("Ecstasy") DMT GHB Narcotics Opiates Morphine Codeine Heroin Ethyl alcohol Sedatives Benzodiazepines (Valium etc) Ketamine Anti-depressants SSRIss Prozac Zoloft Paxil See also: Psychedelic, Ibogaine..
Opium - Britain acquiring Hong Kong. There were no legal restrictions on the importation or use of opium in the United States until the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914. Medicines often contained opium without any warning label. Today, there are numerous national and international laws governing the production and distribution of narcotic substances. Although opium is used in the form of paregoric to treat diarrhea, most opium imported into the United States is broken down into its alkaloid constituents. These alkaloids are divided into two distinct chemical classes, phenanthrenes and isoquinolines. The principal phenanthrenes are morphine, codeine, and thebaine, while the isoquinolines have no significant central nervous system effects and are not regulated under the Controlled Substances Act. Opium is also illegally processed into heroin, and most current drug abuse occurs with.
Opiate - phenanthrenes. Opioids are synthetic drugs that are chemically unrelated to the opiates, but act on the same receptors in the central nervous system and have similar clinical effects. Phenanthrenes: Naturally occurring in opium: Morphine Codeine Semisynthetic derivatives: Heroin Hydromorphone Oxymorphone Hydrocodone Oxycodone Fully synthetic: Phenylheptylamines: Methadone levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride (LAAM) Phenylpiperidines: Meperidine Fentanyl Alfentanil Sufentanil Remifentanil Veterinary: Etorphine Carfentanyl A high number of opiates are considered to be highly addictive. One exception is loperamide, which cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. See also: opioid analgesic, nootropics. Opiate is an EP by Tool, an American rock band formed in 1989. See Opiate (album) Opiate is also the name of a rock-metal band based in the United Kingdom and signed to Visible Noise records, home of lost prophets. See Opiate (band)..
Opioid analgesic - in the treatment of pain that acts on specific receptors within the CNS. Drugs in this classification include codeine (a moderately potent analgesic) and morphine (a potent one). natural opium alkaloids morphine opium hydromorphone nicomorphine oxycodone dihydrocodeine diamorphine papaveretum codeine phenylpiperidine derivatives ketobemidone pethidine fentanyl diphenylpropylamine derivatives dextromoramide piritramide dextropropoxyphene bezitramide dextropropoxyphene benzomorphan derivatives pentazocine phenazocine oripvaine derivatives buprenorphine morphinan derivatives butorphanol nalbufine other opioids tilidine tramadol dezocine See also pharmacology This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Oxycodone - powerful and addictive analgesic medication synthesized from thebaine. It is similar to codeine, but is more potent and has a higher dependence potential. It is effective orally and is marketed in combination with aspirin (Percodan®) or acetaminophen (Percocet®) for the relief of pain. It is also sold in a sustained-release form under the trade names Oxycontin and Tylex. Medical use Oxycodone is the most powerful medication for pain control that can be taken orally. Percocet tablets (oxycodone with acetaminophen) are routinely prescribed for post-operative pain control. When used at recommended doses for relatively short periods (several weeks), it provides effective pain control with managable side effects. Constipation is the most frequently reported side effect, and occurs often enough that most physicians prescribe a laxative for use at the same time. Nausea.
Methadone - approved as a treatment of narcotic addiction. Like methadone, LAAM is in Schedule II of the United States Controlled Substances Act. Buprenorphine has also been used in the treatment of narcotic addiction. In October, 2002, the FDA approved two compounds containing buprenorphine (Subutex® and Suboxone®) for the treatment of narcotic addiction. It is interesting to note that Subutex and Suboxone are in Schedule III of the United States Controlled Substances Act, which allow for their use on an outpatient basis, unlike methadone and LAAM. Another close relative of methadone is dextropropoxyphene, first marketed in 1957 under the trade name of Darvon. Oral analgesic potency is one-half to one-third that of codeine, with 65 mg approximately equivalent to about 600 mg of aspirin. Dextroproxyphene is prescribed for relief of mild to moderate.
