Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act - Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act is the primary constitutional text of the Commonwealth of Australia. The constitution was enacted as an Act of the United Kingdom in 1900. It provided the new system of government for the new federation, which consisted at its inception on 1 January 1901 of the former separate colonies of New South Wales Victoria South Australia Queensland Tasmania Western Australia Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Head of State 2 Parliament 3 Executive Authority 4 The Judiciary 5 The States 6 Amendments to the Constitution 7 The 'Other' Constitution 8 Australia Act 9 The Federal Republic of Australia? 10 Related topics 11.
Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 - is generally regarded as the most significant domestic political and constitutional crisis in Australia's history. The crisis began when the upper house of the Australian Federal Parliament, the Senate, in which the opposition coalition had a majority, blocked a bill that appropriated funds for the payment of government expenditure, with the goal of forcing the Government to call a lower-house election. Such action was unprecedented in Australian Federal politics, and has not been attempted since. The government, led by Labor's Gough Whitlam, ignored such calls, and attempted to pressure Liberal senators to support the bill while also exploring alternative means to fund government expenditure. The impasse continued for some weeks, with the threat of the government being unable to meet its financial obligations hanging over the country. The crisis was resolved.
Australia Act - Australia Act The Australia Act of 1986 (No. 142 of 1985) was assented to by His Excellency, Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia on December 4, 1985, and came into effect on the March 2, 1986 by proclamation signed by the hand of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II at Government House Canberra. The act made Australian law independent of the British legislature and judiciary. It was in fact the final one of seven acts created by the seven Australian parliaments required for such a constitutional change to the whole Federation. The parliament of the United Kingdom also passed an act to complete the process. One of the most significant powers of the act was the termination of appeals from Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of.
Jack Lang (Australia) - Jack Lang (Australia) John Thomas Lang (December 21, 1876 - September 27, 1975) was a prominent Australian politician during the early twentieth century. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party, and the Premier of New South Wales for two terms, from 1925-27, and again from 1930-32. He is the only Premier of any Australian State to have been dismissed by the State Governor (the representative of the British monarch) without there being an election or parliamentary vote of no confidence. This was due to his refusal to pay interest on government loans borrowed from financiers in the United Kingdom at the height of the Great Depression. Jack Lang's Early Life John Thomas Lang - familiarly known as "Jack" and nicknamed "The Big Fella" during his political.
History of Australia since 1901 - History of Australia since 1901 This article is part of the History of Australia series. History of Australia before 1901 History of Australia since 1901 Constitutional history of Australia Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Federation 2 The 20th century 3 Postwar Australia 4 Recent controversies 5 Related articles Federation The 1890s depression (the most severe Australia had ever faced) made the inefficiencies of the six colonies seem ever more ridiculous, and, particularly in border areas, a push for an Australian Federation began. Other motives for Federation were the need for a common immigration policy (Queensland was busy importing indentured workers from New Caledonia, known as Kanakas, to work in the sugar industry: both the unions and the other colonies strongly opposed this), and fear of the other.
Australia - Australia Australia is both the name of the world's smallest continent, and the short form of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia is the sixth largest country in the world (geographically), the only one to occupy an entire continent, and the largest in Australasia. New Zealand is to the southeast; and Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor to its north. The name 'Australia' comes from the Latin phrase terra australis incognita ("unknown southern land", see Terra Australis). Commonwealth of Australia (In Detail) National motto: None Official language English Capital Canberra Largest City Sydney Queen Elizabeth II Governor-General Michael Jeffery Prime Minister John Howard Area - Total - % water Ranked 6th 7,686,850 km² 1% Population - Total (2003) - Density Ranked 53rd 20,003,249.
Australian States and Territories - Australian States and Territories Australia, having a federal system of government, is divided into states and territories. The six states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The internal territories are the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory and the Northern Territory of Australia. The inhabited external territories are Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and the Cocos and Keeling Islands. The uninhabited external territories are the Coral Sea Islands Territory, Heard and McDonald Islands and the Australian Antarctic Territory. The states originated as separate British colonies prior to Federation (in 1901). Their powers are protected by the Australian constitution, and Commonwealth legislation only applies to the states where permitted by the constitution. The territories, by contrast, are from a constitutional perspective directly subject to the.
Canada Act 1982 - Canada Act 1982 Canada Act 1982 is an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament that severed virtually all remaining constitutional and legislative ties between the United Kingdom and Canada. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Enactment of The Canada Act of 1982 3 Proclamation by the Queen of Canada 4 Original text History Canada's road to political self government came with the British North America Act 1867 (now called the Constitution Act 1867). This act created the modern state of Canada by combining the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into a dominion within the British Empire. From this Canada adopted a Westminster style government with a Parliament. A Governor General fulfilled the constitutional duties of the British Sovereign on Canadian soil..
Constitutional monarchy - other constitutional monarchies 8 See also: Origins The concept of constitutional monarchy owes its origin to the absolute monarchies of the later Middle Ages, where governmental authority was exercised by the monarch and his (or in rare occasions her) government. The development of popular participation in democracy saw power shifting to governments selected from and answerable to legislative assemblies and parliaments, producing more democratic systems of governments in which the monarch 'reigns but does not rule'. Popular monarchy is a sub-category of constitutional monarchy. Written and unwritten constitutions Most modern constitutional monarchies operate under a written fundamental or organic law known as a constitution, which strictly defines the roles possessed by the head of state, the executive, legislature and judiciary. As well as the strict definitions, restrictions exist as to the.
Constitution of Ireland - Constitution of Ireland The constitution of Ireland (Irish language: Bunreacht na hÉireann, pronounced bun-rockt na hair-inn) is the constitution of Éire, also known since 1949 as the Republic of Ireland. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Drafting of Bunreacht na hÉireann 2 Structure of the Bunreacht 2.1 Transitory Provisions 3 The Bunreacht's Main Innovations 4 'Myths' about the Bunreacht 4.2 Catholicism 4.3 Northern Ireland 4.4 A republic 4.5 Women 5 Constitutional amendments since 1937 5.6 Transitory Provisions amendments 5.7 Rejected proposed amendments 5.8 National Emergency 6 Judicial review 7 See Also 8 Footnote 8.9 Recommended Reading 9 Copies of Bunreacht na hÉireann The Drafting of Bunreacht na hÉireann It was the work of Eamon de Valera, President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish.
Commonwealth - Commonwealth Alternative meaning: the Commonwealth of Nations The English noun "Commonwealth" dates originally from the fifteenth century and in different contexts indicates one of: a nation, state or political unit a state founded on law by agreement of the people for the common good a republic a federated union of constituent states. The original phrase "common wealth" or "the common weal" comprises a calque translation of the Latin term res publica, from which the word republic comes. The Commonwealth of England was the official title of the political unit that replaced the kingdoms of Scotland and England under the rule of Oliver Cromwell. It formed the first republic in the English-speaking world, though this quickly devolved into a pseudo-monarchy. Four states in the United States designate.
Constitutional convention - procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state. In some states, notably those Commonwealth of Nations states which follow the Westminister system and whose political systems are derived from British constitutional law, most of the functions of government are guided by constitutional convention rather than by a formal written constitution. In these states, the actual distribution of power may be markedly different from those which are described in the formal constitutional documents. In particular, the formal constitution often confers wide discretationary powers to the head of state which in practice are used only on the advice of the head of government. Some constitutional conventions operate separate from or alongside, written constitutions, others, notably in Britain which has no written constitution, have a form of constitutional status. Many older.
Prime Minister of Australia - Prime Minister of Australia The office of Prime Minister is in practice the most powerful political office in the Commonwealth of Australia. By convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party or coalition which has the most seats in the lower house of the Federal Parliament, the House of Representatives. In times of constitutional crisis, however, this convention can be broken if necessary; this has occurred twice. At the time of Federation, no parliament had yet been established, so Edmund Barton was temporarily appointed as Prime Minister until elections were held. More controversially, during the Australian constitutional crisis of 1975, Malcolm Fraser was appointed to replace Gough Whitlam. By convention, the Prime Minister is always a member of the lower house of parliament. The Prime Minister.
List of Australia-related topics - List of Australia-related topics This is a list of Australia-related articles: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Australia, Australian Aborigines, Australian birds, Australian Capital Territory, Australian Constitutional History, Australian Dollar, Australian electoral system, Australian fauna, Australian flora, Australian House of Representatives, Australian Labor Party, Australian public holidays, Australian Senate, Australian States and Territories B C Canberra, Cinema of Australia, Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, Communications in Australia, Culture of Australia D Demographics of Australia E Economy of Australia, Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories F Foreign relations of Australia G Geography of Australia, Governor-General of Australia, Great Barrier Reef H History of Australia, History.
List of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom - a list of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (or its predecessors) which have articles about them Act of Settlement Act of Union 1536 Act of Union 1707 Act of Union 1801 Act of Union 1840 Act of Supremacy 1536 Act of Uniformity British North America Act (various) Canada Act 1982 Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act Conventicle Act Bill of Rights Five Mile Act Government of Ireland Act Government of Wales Act Human Rights Act 1998 Marriage Act 1753 Obscene Publications Act Parliament Act Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Prevention of Terrorism Act Reform Act of 1832 Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 Royal Marriages Act of 1772 Scotland Act 1998 Statute of Westminster Terrorism Act 2000 Video Recordings Act 1984 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
July 9 - troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat to French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives. 1789 - In Versailles, the National Constituent Assembly is formed by the French National Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution. 1790 - Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund - In the Baltic Sea, the Swedish navy captures one third of the Russian fleet. 1793 - Act Against Slavery passes in Upper Canada and importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited. 1815 - Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince de Benevente becomes Prime Minister of France 1816 - Argentina declares independence from Spain 1850 - President Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States. 1896.
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council - courts in the United Kingdom. It is also the highest court of appeal (or court of last resort) for several independent British Commonwealth countries, the UK overseas territories and the British crown dependencies. It is simply referred to simply to the Privy Council, as appeals are in fact made to Her Majesty in Council who then refers the case to the Judicial Committee for "advice". In Commonwealth republics, appeals are made directly to the Judicial Committee instead. Formerly the Judicial Committee gave a single piece of advice, but since the 1960s dissenting opinions have been allowed. The judicial system of the United Kingdom is unusual in having no single highest national court; the Judicial Committee is the highest court of appeal in some cases, while in most others the highest court.
Irish Free State - Éireann (Senate). State religion none. State prohibited from endowing any religion in constitution National anthem God Save the King until 1927 Amhrán na bhFiann officially adopted then, though previously used unofficially. Currency Pound (Irish pound was linked to the pound sterling, though from the mid 1920s IFS produced its own notes and coins Dates of State's Existence 6 December 1922 to 29 December 1937 Replaced by Éire, known since 1949 as the Republic of Ireland The Irish Free State (in Irish, Saorstát Éireann) was (1922-1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Ireland's 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and Irish Republic representatives in London on December 6, 1921. The Irish Free State came.
Ireland in the 20th Century - 1901-1910 1901 Centenary year of the Act of Union. Edward VII is proclaimed King of Ireland in a state ceremony in Dublin. Members of the Irish Yeomanry return home from fighting in South Africa. The Irish census shows the population of Ireland to be 4,459,000. The All-Ireland Champions are London (hurling) and Dublin (football) 1902 Archbishop Croke, patron of the GAA, dies at the age of 78. Waterford City confer the freedom of the city on John Redmond. The centenary of the Christian Brothers is celebrated. The UK Liberal Party stops its support for Home Rule. The All-Ireland Champions are Cork (hurling) and Dublin (football) 1903 St. Patrick's day becomes a national holiday in Ireland. Erskine Childers publishes The Riddle of the Sands. The Wyndham Land Act is passed - it.
Head of State - of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the country's constitution. In Charles de Gaulle's words, describing the role he envisaged for the French president when he wrote the modern French constitution, a head of state should embody "the spirit of the nation" to the nation itself and to the world: une certaine idée de la France. In a monarchy, the monarch is the head of state. In a republic, the head of state is usually called president, though some leaders have assumed other titles (some used "Head of State" as their only formal title). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Roles.
