Constitution of East Germany - Constitution of East Germany The German Democratic Republic, also known as East Germany was founded in 1949 and was absorbed into the Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. Its original constitution was written in 1949. It was heavily based on the "Weimarer Reichsverfassung", such that the GDR would be a federal and democratic republic. Because the original version did not accurately reflect the actual political climate of the GDR, it was decided in the late 1960s to replace the old constitution with a new version. The New Constitution of the German Democratic Republic was ratified in 1968 and better reflected the communistic roots of the GDR as well as the political rule of the SED party. Section 1 of this constitution begins with the lines, "The.
History of East Germany - History of East Germany East Germany or officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR) existed from 1949 to 1990 in Germany. See also: History of Germany Postwar Government At the Yalta Conference, held in February 1945 before the capitulation of the Third Reich, the United States, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union agreed on the division of Germany into occupation zones. Estimating the territory that the converging armies of the western Allies and the Soviet Union would overrun, the Yalta Conference determined the demarcation line for the respective areas of occupation. Following Germany's surrender, the Allied Control Council, representing the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, assumed governmental authority in postwar Germany. The Potsdam Conference of July/August 1945 officially recognized the zones and confirmed jurisdiction of.
East Germany - East Germany East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic (GDR), German Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), was a Communist satellite state of the former Soviet Union which, together with West Germany, existed from 1949 to 1990 in Germany. Deutsche Demokratische Republik (In Detail) (Full size) National motto: none'' Official language German Capital East Berlin Area 108,333 km² Population - Total (1989) - Density 17,000,000 154/km² Constitution October 7, 1949 Currency 1 Mark (Ostmark) = 100 Pfennig Time zone UTC +1 National anthem Auferstanden aus Ruinen (Risen from ruins) Calling Code +37 ISO 3166-1 DD (Deprecated) ISO 3166-3 DDDE Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Politics 3 Subdivisions 4 Economy 5 Demographics 6 Culture 7 Miscellaneous topics 8.
History of Germany - History of Germany This article is the top of the History of Germany series. Franks Holy Roman Empire German Confederation German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Germany since 1945 The history of Germany is, in places, extremely complicated and depends much on how one defines "Germany". As a nation state, Germany did not exist until 1871. Before, Germany can only be looked at as a cultural region where many territories, with greatly varying independence, each had their own historical events and it was not entirely clear what area was part of Germany in the first place. This article briefly outlines each period of German history only; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Struggle against.
History of Germany since 1945 - History of Germany since 1945 This article is part of the History of Germany series. Franks Holy Roman Empire German Confederation German Empire Weimar Republic Nazi Germany Germany since 1945 After the beginning of the Cold War, following Germany's defeat in World War II, Germany was split for about 40 years, representing the focus of the two global blocks in the east and west. Only in 1990 would Germany be reunited. History of East Germany History of West Germany Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Germany from 1945-1949 2 Political Developments in West Germany 3 Political Developments in East Germany 4 Inter-German Relations 5 German Unification 6 Four Power Control Ends Germany from 1945-1949 At the Potsdam Conference in August 1945, after Germany's unconditional surrender on May 8,.
Eastern Cape Province - province in South Africa. The capital is Bisho. Other cities include: East London Port Elizabeth Basic Statistics Capital: Bisho Principal languages: IsiXhosa 83,8%, Afrikaans 9,6%, English 3,7% and SeSotho 2,2% Population 6,300,000 % of total 15,5% Area (km²) 169 580 % of total 13,9% GDP (1995) R49,6634 million % of total 13,3% The Eastern Cape is the poorest province in terms of average on monthly expenditure, followed by Free State and the Northern Province according to the Statistics SA report: Measuring Poverty in South Africa. The wealthiest provinces were Gauteng, followed by the Western Cape. Location & Area The Eastern Cape is located on the south eastern seaboard of South Africa and is the second largest province with an area of 170 600 km² and represents 14% of South Africa's land.
Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany - Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (in German: Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the current constitution of Germany. Originally put into effect in 1949 as the constitution of West Germany, it was intentionally not named "constitution" (which would have been Verfassung in German) to make a point that West Germany was considered only a temporary solution until German reunification was achieved. The belief at the time was that this would not take long; however, the Cold War that emerged caused the separation to last more than 40 years, and since the reunification of the two Germanys in 1990 was technically executed as East Germany joining the west, the Grundgesetz is still in effect today. Some amendments with respect.
Vespasian - and been quaestor in Crete and Cyrene, Vespasian rose to be aedile and praetor, having meanwhile married Flavia Domitilla, the daughter of an equestrian, by whom he had two sons, Titus and Domitian, afterwards emperors, and one daughter Domitilla. Both his wife and daughter died before he held a magistracy. Having already served in Germany, he participated in the Roman invasion of Britain under the Emperor Claudius, where he distinguished himself in command of the Legio II Augusta under Aulus Plautius. He reduced Vectis or the Isle of Wight and penetrated to the borders of Somerset, England. In 51 he was for a brief space consul; in 63 he went as governor to Africa, where, according to Tacitus (ii.97), his rule was "infamous and odious"; according to Suetonius (Vesp. 4), "upright.
Johan Rudolf Thorbecke - In 1848, he virtually singlehandedly drafted the revision of the Dutch constitution, giving less powers to the king, and more to the parliament. Thorbecke was born on January 14, 1798 in Zwolle, and started studying history and classic literature in Amsterdam in order to avoid conscription. After teaching in Germany and Belgium, he was promoted to professor in diplomacy and modern history at the University of Leiden in 1830. In 1839, he published his critics to the government of King William I, making him a well known political figure in the Netherlands. Five years later, together with 8 other politicians, he formulated a proposal to change the Dutch constitution. The proposal, known as the Voorstel der Negenmannen ("proposition of the nine men"), didn't pass through the Tweede Kamer, the second chamber.
Joseph Fouché - the National Convention which met at the autumnal equinox and proclaimed the republic. Fouché's interests brought him into touch with Condorcet and the party, or group, of the Girondists; but their vacillation at the time of the trial and execution of Louis XVI (December 1792 - January 21, 1793) led him to take up the cause of the Jacobins, the less scrupulous champions of revolutionary doctrine. On the question of the execution of the king, Fouché, after some preliminary hesitations, was strongly in favour of immediate execution, and denounced those who wavered. The crisis which resulted from the declaration of war by the Convention against England and Holland (February 1, 1793), and a little later against Spain, made Fouché notorious as one of the Jacobin fanatics who held power in Paris..
June 21 - Iroquois territories. 1734 - In Montreal in New France (today primarily Quebec), a black slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique, was tortured then hanged by the French authorities in a public ceremony that involved her disgrace and the amputation of a hand. 1749 - Halifax Nova Scotia founded. 1788 - New Hampshire ratifies the Constitution and is thus admitted as the 9th state in the United States. 1813 - Laura Secord sets out to warn British forces of impending American attack at Queenston Ontario. 1887 - Queen Victoria's golden jubilee 1915 - The U.S. Supreme Court hands down decision in Guinn v. United States 238 US 347 1915, striking down an Oklahoma law denying the right to vote to some citizens. 1919 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire.
Julius Andrassy - of exile in studying politics in what was then the centre of European diplomacy, and it is memorable that his keen eye detected the inherent weakness of the second French empire beneath its imposing exterior. Andrássy returned home from exile in 1858, but his position was very difficult. He had never petitioned for an amnesty, steadily rejected all the overtures both of the Austrian government and of the Magyar Conservatives (who would have accepted something short of full autonomy), and clung enthusiastically to the Deák party. On the 21st of December 1865 he was chosen vice-president of the diet, and in March 1866 became president of the sub-committee appointed by the parliamentary commission to draw up the Composition (commonly known as the Ausgleich) between Austria and Hungary, of which the central.
Juliana of the Netherlands - small class was formed at Huis ten Bosch Palace on the advice of the educator Jan Ligthart so that, from the age of six, the princess could receive her primary education with children of her own age. As the Dutch constitution specified that she should be ready to succeed to the throne by the age of eighteen, Princess Juliana's education proceeded at a faster pace than that of most children. After five years of primary education, the Princess received her secondary education (to pre-university level) from private tutors. On April 30, 1927, Princess Juliana celebrated her eighteenth birthday. Under the constitution, she had officially come of age and was entitled to assume the royal prerogative, if necessary. Two days later her mother installed her in the 'Raad van State' (=Council of.
International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol - Jesús Espigares Mira, Director of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Spanish National Police. The current Secretary General, Ronald K. Noble, formerly of the US Treasury Department, is the first non-European to hold the position. Because of the politically neutral role Interpol must play, its Constitution forbids any involvement in crimes that do not overlap several member countries, or any political, military, religious, or racial crimes. Its work centers primarily on public safety and terrorism, organized crime, illicit drug production and trafficking, weapons smuggling, trafficking in human beings, money laundering, financial and high-tech crime, and corruption. In October 2001, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 384, representing 54 different countries. Of those, 112 were police officers, 112 civilians. That same month, Interpol began to change from a 9-to-5 agency.
Vichy France - Nazis, as opposed to the Free French Forces. It was established after the country had surrendered to Nazi Germany in 1940 (see also: World War II). It takes its name from the government's capital in Vichy, south-east of Paris near Clermont-Ferrand. Nazi Germany had occupied Paris in mid-June 1940. The French leaders considered retreating to French territories in North Africa but the vice-premier, Henri Philippe Pétain, and the commander-in-chief, General Maxime Weygand insisted that the government should both remain in France and seek an armistice with Germany. Prime Minister Paul Reynaud resigned over the decision and President Albert Lebrun appointed the 84-year-old Pétain to replace him on June 16. Pétain began negotiations and on June 22 signed the surrender agreement with Germany. The key section of the agreement divided France into.
Independence of Poland Regained - government 2.5 Poland's International Situation 3 Reference World War I After World War I and the collapse of the Russian, German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, Poland became an independent republic. However, Poland's geographical position between Germany and Russia meant much fighting and terrific human and material losses for the Poles between 1914 and 1918. War and the Polish Lands The war split the ranks of the three partitioning empires, pitting Russia as defender of Serbia and ally of Britain and France against the leading members of the Central Powers, Germany and Austria-Hungary. This circumstance afforded the Poles political leverage as both sides offered pledges of concessions and future autonomy in exchange for Polish loyalty and recruits. The Austrians wanted to incorporate Congress Poland into their territory of Galicia, so they allowed nationalist.
Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - that Saddam should not be allowed to violate U.N. resolutions. The statement went on to say that Saddam was a "clear threat to world security," and urged Europe to unite with the United States to ensure that the Iraqi regime is disarmed. January 25, 2003 An international group of volunteers left London and is heading for Baghdad to act as human shields. Most would leave in March fearing that they would actually become human shields. January 27, 2003 Chairmen of the inspections effort report to the UN Security Council that, while Iraq has provided some access to facilities, concerns remain regarding undeclared material; inability to interview Iraqi scientists; inability to deploy aerial surveillance during inspections; and harassment of weapons inspectors. February 5, 2003 At the United Nations US Secretary of State.
Hawaii - Overthrow and Annexation 2 Geology and Geography 3 Law and Government 4 Economy 5 Demographics 6 Education 6.3 Colleges and Universities 7 Famous People From Hawaii 8 Miscellaneous Information 9 External Links History Discovery and Settlement The islands were first settled by Polynesians, probably from the Marquesas, sometime between 200 and 600 AD. It is possible that Spanish explorers arrived shortly after 1527: Juan Gaetano, a Spanish navigator, may have visited in 1555. However, on January 18, 1778 Captain James Cook and his crew were surprised to find high islands as far north in the Pacific as these islands, and named them then the Sandwich Islands for the fourth Earl of Sandwich, John Montague. Hawai'i was united under a single ruler, Kamehameha I, for the first time in 1795. The Great.
Hirohito - several hundred years whose biological mother was his predecessor's official wife. The first part of Hirohito's reign as sovereign (between 1926 and 1945) took place against a background of increasing military power within the government, through both legal and extralegal means. The Japanese Imperial Army and Imperial Navy had held veto power over the formation of cabinets since 1900, and between 1921 and 1944 there were no less than 64 incidents of right-wing political violence, most notably the assassination of moderate Prime Minister Tsuyoshi Inukai in 1932. From that time on, the military clique held almost all political power in Japan, and pursued policies that eventually led Japan to fight the second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. In the immediate aftermath of the war, many believed that the Showa Emperor.
History of Europe - its maximum expansion, including Britain, Romania and parts of Mesopotamia. The empire brought peace, civilization and an efficient centralized government to the subject territories, but in the 3rd century A.D. a series of civil wars undermined its economic and social strength. In the 4th century, the emperors Diocletian and Constantine were able to slow down the process of decline by splitting the empire into a Western and an Eastern part. Whereas Diocletian severely persecuted Christianity, Constantine declared an official end to state-sponsored persecution of Christians in 313 with the Edict of Milan, thus setting the stage for the empire to later become officially Christian in about 380 (which would cause the Church to become an important institution). Early Middle Ages Western Europe emerged as the site of a distinct civilization after.
