Constitution of Greece - Constitution of Greece The Constitution of Greece is resolved by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975. It is set out in 4 parts. The first part, Basic provisions, establishes the Greek government as a parliamentary republic, and confirms the prevalence of Orthodox Church in Greece. The second part concerns individual and social rights. The third part describes the organization and function of the State, in which Article 28 formally integrates international laws and international conventions into Greek law. The fourth part are special, final and transitory provisions..
History of Greece - History of Greece For the history of ancient Greece, see Mycenae, Hellenic Greece, and Hellenistic Greece. The Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire began in 1821 and concluded with the winning of independence in 1828. The first ruler of independent Greece was the governor Kapodistrias, who was murdered in 1831. With the support of England, France, and Russia, a monarchy was established with the signing of the Treaty of London on May 7, 1832 which created an independent Kingdom of Greece. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria was chosen as its first King in 1833. Otto ruled as an absolute despot, and this led to more and more civil unrest until in 1843 the people and the army of Greece revolted and demanded a constitution..
Gymnasium (ancient Greece) - Gymnasium (ancient Greece) The gymnasium of the Greekss originally functioned as the school where competitors in the public games received their training, and was so named from the circumstance that these competitors exercised naked (gymnos). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Terminology 2 Origins 3 Staff 4 Buildings 5 Historical Development 6 Classical Legacy Terminology The gymnasium formed a public institution as distinguished from the palaestra - a private school where boys received training in physical exercises, though the term palaestra also often refers to the part of a gymnasium specially devoted to wrestling and boxing. Origins The athletic contests for which the gymnasium supplied the means of training and practice formed part of the social life of the Greeks from the earliest times. They took place in honour.
Foreign relations of Greece - Foreign relations of Greece Prominent issues in Greek foreign policy include a dispute over the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the enduring Cyprus problem, Greek-Turkish differences over the Aegean, their idiosyncratic views on plane spotting, and relations with the USA. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 2 Albania 3 Turkey 4 The Middle East 5 United States 6 Illicit drugs 7 Terms 7.1 Eastern Thrace 7.2 Northern Epirus 7.3 Smyrna 7.4 Enosis 7.5 Great Greece 7.6 Constantinople 7.7 Efksinos Pontos The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greek refusal to recognize Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) under its chosen name of "Republic of Macedonia" has been an important issue in Greek politics since 1992. Greece was adamantly opposed to the.
Education in Greece - Education in Greece The Greek educational system has undergone significant changes and modernisations during the 1990's. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Primary Education 2 Secondary Education 2.1 Post-Secondary Education 3 Tertiary Education 4 Private Education 5 Vocational Education 6 Obsolete Institutions 7 Current Issues (2003) 8 See also Primary Education Dimotiko: Demotic school. Secondary Education Gymnasio: Middle school. Lykeio: High school. See Lyceum. TEE (Texniko Epagelmatiko Ekpedeutirio): Technical-vocational school. Alternative to Lykeio. Post-Secondary Education IEK (Institouto Epagelmatikis Katartisis): Vocational school. Tertiary Education TEI: Technical university. AEI: Academic university. Polytechnio: Polytechnics. Example: NTUA. Also famous because of the political revolution in November 17, 1974 which overthrew the 1967's junta. Private Education Private dimotika (primary education), gymnasia (middle school; secondary education), lykeia (high school; secondary education). Some of them.
Thebes, Greece - Thebes, Greece For the ancient capital of Upper Egypt, see Thebes, Egypt. Thebes was a city in ancient Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range, which divides Boeotia from Attica, and on the southern edge of the Boeotian plain. In ancient times it was the largest city of the region of Boeotia. Currently, the location of the ancient citadel, the Cadmea, is occupied by the town of Thívai. History The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends which rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence which they exerted upon the literature of the classical age. Five main cycles of story may be distinguished: The foundation of the citadel Cadmea.
Constitutional monarchy - other constitutional monarchies 8 See also: Origins The concept of constitutional monarchy owes its origin to the absolute monarchies of the later Middle Ages, where governmental authority was exercised by the monarch and his (or in rare occasions her) government. The development of popular participation in democracy saw power shifting to governments selected from and answerable to legislative assemblies and parliaments, producing more democratic systems of governments in which the monarch 'reigns but does not rule'. Popular monarchy is a sub-category of constitutional monarchy. Written and unwritten constitutions Most modern constitutional monarchies operate under a written fundamental or organic law known as a constitution, which strictly defines the roles possessed by the head of state, the executive, legislature and judiciary. As well as the strict definitions, restrictions exist as to the.
Timeline of Ancient Greece - Timeline of Ancient Greece This page is a Timeline of Ancient Greece BC ;1000-700 :Synoikismos of Athens, people of Attica were willing to transfer their allegiance to one city, Athens, because of Theseus ;683:office of Archon established King was emasculated ;632:Cylon, Athenian noble, seizes Acropolis and tries to make himself king, fails ;621:Draco, Athenian lawgiver, issues code of laws where everything is punishable by death -- Draconian ;594:Solon, Athenian statesman, becomes Archon, captures Salamis from Megarians, establishes Timocracy, rule by the richest, constitutional reforms, more vote and trade, abolishes slavery, Know Thyself ;590:Sappho, Greek poetess and priestess, flourishes on island of Lesbos ;565:Pisistratus, Athenian general, organizes Diakrioi, party of poor people ;561:Pisistratus takes power first time, driven out by Lycurgus who leads nobles ;559:Pisistratus restored by help of.
Politics of Greece - Politics of Greece The 1975 constitution, which describes Greece as a "presidential parliamentary republic," includes extensive specific guarantees of civil liberties and vests the powers of the head of state in a president elected by parliament and advised by the Council of the Republic. The Greek governmental structure is similar to that found in many Western democracies, and has been described as a compromise between the French and German models. The prime minister and cabinet play the central role in the political process, while the president performs some governmental functions in addition to ceremonial duties. The president is elected by parliament to a five-year term and can be reelected once. The president has the power to declare war and to conclude agreements of peace, alliance, and participate.
Otto of Greece - Otto of Greece Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria and King of Greece, (Salzburg, June 1, 1815 - Bamberg, July 26, 1867) was made the first modern king of Greece in 1832 under the Convention of London, where Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of Great Britain, France and Russia. He was the son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and his wife, Therese of Saxe-Altenburg. Not quite 18, the young prince entered Greece with many Bavarian advisors in a council of regency headed by Count Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, who as minister of finance had recently succeeded in restoring Bavarian credit at the cost of his popularity. Great Britain and the Rothschild bank, who were underwriting the Greek loans, insisted on financial stringency.
Vespasian - participated in the Roman invasion of Britain under the Emperor Claudius, where he distinguished himself in command of the Legio II Augusta under Aulus Plautius. He reduced Vectis or the Isle of Wight and penetrated to the borders of Somerset, England. In 51 he was for a brief space consul; in 63 he went as governor to Africa, where, according to Tacitus (ii.97), his rule was "infamous and odious"; according to Suetonius (Vesp. 4), "upright and, highly honourable." He went with Nero's retinue to Greece, and in 66 was appointed to conduct the war in Judaea, which was threatening unrest throughout the East. According to Suetonius, a prophecy ubiquitous in the Eastern provinces claimed that from Judaea would come the future rulers of the world. Vespasian eventually believed that this procphecy.
June 24 - Island. 1535 - The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded. 1597 - The first Dutch voyage to the East Indies reaches Bantam (on Java). 1662 - Dutch attempt but fail to capture Macao. 1664 - The colony of New Jersey is founded. 1692 - Kingston, Jamaica founded. 1793 - First republican constitution in France adopted. 1812 - Napoleon invades Russia. 1859 - Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns). Sardinia and France defeat Austria in northern Italy. 1861 - Tennessee becomes the 11th and last state to secede from the US. 1880 - First performance of O Canada, the song that would become the national anthem of Canada, at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français. 1894 - The International Olympic Committee decides to hold the Olympic Games every four.
International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol - Jesús Espigares Mira, Director of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Spanish National Police. The current Secretary General, Ronald K. Noble, formerly of the US Treasury Department, is the first non-European to hold the position. Because of the politically neutral role Interpol must play, its Constitution forbids any involvement in crimes that do not overlap several member countries, or any political, military, religious, or racial crimes. Its work centers primarily on public safety and terrorism, organized crime, illicit drug production and trafficking, weapons smuggling, trafficking in human beings, money laundering, financial and high-tech crime, and corruption. In October 2001, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 384, representing 54 different countries. Of those, 112 were police officers, 112 civilians. That same month, Interpol began to change from a 9-to-5 agency.
Ionia - return of the Heraclidae into the Peloponnese. Without assigning any definite date, we may say that recent research (1910) has tended to support the popular Greek idea that Ionia received its main Greek element rather late--after the descent of the Dorians, and, therefore, after any part of the Aegean period. The only Aegean objects yet found (1910) in or near Ionia are some sherds of the very latest Minoan age at Miletus. It is not probable that all the Greek colonists were of the not numerous Ionian race. Herodotus tells us that they comprised settlers from many different tribes and cities of Greece (a fact indicated also by the local traditions of the cities), and that they intermarried with the native races. The cities called Ionian in historical times were twelve.
Ioannis Metaxas - 29, 1941) was a Greek soldier and the dictatorial leader of Greece from 1936 until his death. Born in Ithaca he was a career soldier. He first saw action in 1897 fighting the Turks in the Thessalian campaign. After studies in Germany he returned to join the General Staff and was par tof the modernizing process of the Greek Army before the Balkan Wars (1912-1913). He was made Chief of the General Staff in 1913 and was promoted to General. A staunch monarchist he supported Constantine I and opposed Greek entry into WW I. Eleftherios Venizelos, the prime minister, resigned over the refusal to aid the Dardanelles campaign and used the war as the major issue in the elections. When he won the March 1915 elections he mobilized the army but.
Ionian Islands - The Ionian Islands (Greek: Ionia Nisia) are a group of islands in Greece. They are traditionally called the Seven Islands (in Greek Heptanisia or Eptanisia), but the group includes many smaller islands as well as the seven principal ones. Six of the seven islands are off the west coast of Greece. They are, from north to south, Kerkyra, Paxoi, Lefkada, Ithaki, Kefallonia and Zakynthos. The seventh island, Kythera, is off the southern tip of the Peloponnisos, the southern part of the Greek mainland. The six northern islands are in the Ionian Sea. This name is a geographical curiosity, since Ionia in ancient times was a region to the east of Greece, on the Aegean coast of what is now Turkey. The name derives from the fact that some of the islands.
Head of State - personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the country's constitution. In Charles de Gaulle's words, describing the role he envisaged for the French president when he wrote the modern French constitution, a head of state should embody "the spirit of the nation" to the nation itself and to the world: une certaine idée de la France. In a monarchy, the monarch is the head of state. In a republic, the head of state is usually called president, though some leaders have assumed other titles (some used "Head of State" as their only formal title). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Roles of a Head of State 2 The Head of State and the Government 3 Symbolic role 4.
History of Europe - Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The earliest appearance of modern people in Europe has been dated to 35,000 B.C. Evidence of permanent settlement dates from 7,000 B.C The first well-known civilization in Europe was that of the Minoans of the island of Crete and the Achaeans in the adjacent parts of Greece, starting at the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C Around the same time, the Celts spread over most of the interior as far as Iberian Peninsula (now Spain and Portugal), and later Anatolia. As they did not use a written language, knowledge of them is piecemeal. The Romans encountered them and recorded a great deal about them; these records and the archeological evidence form our primary understanding of this extremely influential culture. The Celts.
History of Turkey - the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire, with Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) as its first president. The government was formed from the Ankara-based revolutionary group, led by Atatürk, which had defeated Greece in western Turkey. The Treaty of Lausanne, signed on July 24, 1923, and negotiated by Ismet Pasha (Inönü) on behalf of the Ankara government, established most of the modern boundaries of the country. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Atatürk's Reforms 2 Politics in the era of Kemal 3 After Atatürk 4 1990s Atatürk's Reforms On March 3, 1924, the National Assembly abolished the ministry of sacred law, all schools were placed under the ministry of education and a new constitution was approved on April 20, 1924. For the next 10 years, there was a steady process of secular westernization, guided.
History of Israel - Ottoman Empire. The Balfour declaration of 1917 asserted the British Government's support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. This declaration was supported by a number of other countries, including the United States, and became more important following World War I, when the United Kingdom was assigned the Palestine mandate by the League of Nations. Early History of Modern Israel Jewish immigration grew slowly in the 1920s; it increased substantially in the 1930s, due to political turmoil in Europe and Nazi persecution, until restrictions were imposed by the United Kingdom in 1939. After the end of World War II, and the near-extermination of European Jewry by the Nazis, international support for Jews seeking to settle in Palestine overcame British efforts to restrict immigration. Following World War II, the British.
