Constitution of Norway - Constitution of Norway The Constitution of Norway was first adopted in on May 17, 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll, with subsequent amendments, the most recent being adopted on July 23 1995..
Viceroy of Norway - Viceroy of Norway The Viceroy of Norway, Rigsstatholder in Norwegian or Riksståthållare in Swedish, was the appointed head of the Norwegian Government in the absence of the Monarch of the Union of Sweden-Norway. The office came into existence by the Norwegian Constitution, of November 4, 1814 where the paragraphs 12, 13 and 15 stipulated that a Viceroy of Swedish or Norwegian nationality could be appointed. The Viceroy would reside in Kristiania, today Oslo, and lead the Government in the absence of the Monarch, who resided at Stockholm. The Council, would be lead by the Viceroy where he had two votes, unless the Monarch was present, at which point he would loose his authority and merely become the first among equals, or Prime Minister, of the Council. The.
History of Norway - History of Norway Settled since the end of the last ice age, modern-day Norway became famous in the Middle Ages for its fearless warriors, explorers and traders, the Vikings, who controlled most of Scandinavia, Iceland, Greenland and parts of France, Britain, and Ireland between AD 800 and AD 1100, and were also known to travel as far as Constantinople, Greece, Northern Africa and Newfoundland. A number of small Norwegian communities were gradually organized into larger regions in the 9th century, and in 872 King Harald Fairhair (Harald Hårfagre) unified the realm and became its first supreme ruler. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Viking Kings 2 Kalmar Union 3 Control by Sweden 4 World Wars 5 Post War 6 Monarchy 7 See also The Viking Kings King.
Union between Sweden and Norway - Union between Sweden and Norway This article is part of the History of Sweden series. Early Kingdoms Unification The Modern Sweden Rise as a Great Power The Swedish Empire The Great War Absolute Monarchy The Union with Norway - From 1809 to 1905. Modernization Industrialization Realm of Sweden List of Swedish monarchs List of Swedish wars A New Dynasty See also: Charles XIV of Sweden The succession to the throne, for Charles XIII both infirm and childless, was settled, after the mysterious death on May 28, 1810 of the first elected candidate, chosen as Prince Carl August of Augustenburg, by the Crown selection of the French marshal, Bernadotte, who was adopted by Charles XIII and received the homage of the estates on November 5, 1810. The new crown prince.
Flag of Norway - Flag of Norway Flag Ratio: 11:8 The flag of Norway is red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog, the flag of Denmark. The proportions of the elements of the flag are a width of 6-1-2-1-12 and a height of 6-1-2-1-6. History From the 16th century onward and until 1814 Norway used the same flag as Denmark, as it was in union with that country. In 1814 Norway was unified instead with Sweden, and in 1818 it was decided that Norway had to use the Swedish flag, but with a white cross on a red background in the top left corner.
Constitutional monarchy - other constitutional monarchies 8 See also: Origins The concept of constitutional monarchy owes its origin to the absolute monarchies of the later Middle Ages, where governmental authority was exercised by the monarch and his (or in rare occasions her) government. The development of popular participation in democracy saw power shifting to governments selected from and answerable to legislative assemblies and parliaments, producing more democratic systems of governments in which the monarch 'reigns but does not rule'. Popular monarchy is a sub-category of constitutional monarchy. Written and unwritten constitutions Most modern constitutional monarchies operate under a written fundamental or organic law known as a constitution, which strictly defines the roles possessed by the head of state, the executive, legislature and judiciary. As well as the strict definitions, restrictions exist as to the.
Politics of Norway - Politics of Norway The functions of the King of Norway are mainly ceremonial, but he has influence as the symbol of national unity. Although the 1814 constitution grants important executive powers to the king, these are almost always exercised by the Council of Ministers in the name of the King (King's Council). The Council of Ministers consists of a prime minister--chosen by the political parties represented in the Storting--and other ministers. The 165 members of the Storting are elected from 19 fylker (counties) for 4-year terms according to a complicated system of proportional representation. After elections, the Storting divides into two chambers, the Odelsting and the Lagting, which meet separately or jointly depending on the legislative issue under consideration. The special High Court of the Realm hears.
January 14 - Julian calendar. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances Events 1639 - Connecticut's first constitution, the "Fundamental Orders," is adopted. 1690 - The clarinet is invented in Nuremberg, Germany. 1724 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne. 1784 - American Revolutionary War: The United States ratifies a peace treaty with England. 1814 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden. 1858 - Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt. 1900 - Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca premieres in Rome. 1907 - An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000. 1939 - Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica. 1943 - Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel via airplane while in office (Miami, Florida to Morocco to.
June 7 - to Quebec Quebec by Irish immigrants kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada. 1862 - The United States and United Kingdom agree to suppress the slave trade. 1863 - Mexico City is captured by French troops 1866 - 1800 Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after they loot and plunder around St-Armand and Frelighsburg, Quebec. 1905 - Norway declares the union with Sweden dissolved 1914 - The first vessel passes through the locks of the Panama Canal 1929 - Vatican City becomes a sovereign state. 1935 - Pierre Laval becomes Prime Minister of France 1940 - King Haakon VII of Norway, Crown Prince Olav and the Norwegian government leave Tromsø and go into exile in London. 1942 - World War II: The Battle of Midway ends 1942 -.
International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol - Jesús Espigares Mira, Director of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Spanish National Police. The current Secretary General, Ronald K. Noble, formerly of the US Treasury Department, is the first non-European to hold the position. Because of the politically neutral role Interpol must play, its Constitution forbids any involvement in crimes that do not overlap several member countries, or any political, military, religious, or racial crimes. Its work centers primarily on public safety and terrorism, organized crime, illicit drug production and trafficking, weapons smuggling, trafficking in human beings, money laundering, financial and high-tech crime, and corruption. In October 2001, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 384, representing 54 different countries. Of those, 112 were police officers, 112 civilians. That same month, Interpol began to change from a 9-to-5 agency.
History of Europe - coalition of most European monarchies waging war against republican France) General Napoleon Bonaparte took power. In the many wars of the Napoleonic Era, he repeatedly defeated Austria (whose emperor was forced to resign the title of Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire), Russia, Prussia and other powers allied for the most part with Britain. After being proclaimed French emperor in 1804, he was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo. The 19th century After the defeat of revolutionary France, the other great powers tried to restore the situation which existed before 1789. However, their efforts were unable to stop the spread of revolutionary movements: the middle classes had been deeply influenced by the ideals of democracy of the French revolution; on the other hand, the Industrial Revolution brought important economical and social.
History of Israel - Ottoman Empire. The Balfour declaration of 1917 asserted the British Government's support for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. This declaration was supported by a number of other countries, including the United States, and became more important following World War I, when the United Kingdom was assigned the Palestine mandate by the League of Nations. Early History of Modern Israel Jewish immigration grew slowly in the 1920s; it increased substantially in the 1930s, due to political turmoil in Europe and Nazi persecution, until restrictions were imposed by the United Kingdom in 1939. After the end of World War II, and the near-extermination of European Jewry by the Nazis, international support for Jews seeking to settle in Palestine overcame British efforts to restrict immigration. Following World War II, the British.
History of Denmark - was visited by a German missionary who, according to legend, survived the ordeal by fire, convincing Harold to convert to Christianity. The new religion, replacing the old Norse mythology, had many advantages for the king. Christianity brought with it some support from the Holy Roman Empire. It also allowed the king to dismiss many of his opponents who were adherents to the old mythology. The church would bring a stable administration to his lands that he could hopefully use to exercise some control over them. The details of mediaeval politics in Denmark are hopelessly complex, but some attempt will be made to outline some general trends here. After the death of Canute the Great in 1035, England broke away from Danish control and Denmark fell into disarray for some time. Vikings.
History of Iceland - by people of Norwegian and other Scandinavian origin. In 930, the ruling chiefs established a republican constitution and an assembly called the Althing (locally written Alþingi) --the "oldest parliament in the world". The parliament convened each summer at Þingvellir, where representative chieftains (Goðorðsmenn) amended laws, settled disputes and performed executions. Laws were not written down, but were instead memorized by an elected "lögsögumaður", or Speaker of the law. Iceland enjoyed a mostly uninterrupted period of growth in its commonwealth years. As is well known, settlements from that era have been found in southwest Greenland and eastern Canada, and one viking saga, "Eiríks saga Rauða" speaks of the settlers' exploits. The settlers of Iceland were mostly pagans, and worshipped, among others, Óðinn, Þór and Loki. In the year 1000, under pressure from.
February 14 - 1743 - Henry Pelham becomes Prime Minister of England. 1779 - James Cook is killed by the natives of the Sandwich Islands. 1803 - Chief Justice John Marshall declares that any act of Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is void. 1849 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken. 1859 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state. 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone. 1879 - The War of the Pacific broke out when Chilean armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta. 1895 - First showing of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest (St. James' Theatre in London). 1899 - Voting machines are approved by.
February 11 - of Friends petitions United States Congress for abolition of slavery. 1794 - First session of United States Senate open to the public. 1808 - Anthracite coal first burned as fuel, experimentally. 1809 - Robert Fulton patents the steamboat 1810 - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria. 1812 - Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry gerrymanders for the first time. 1814 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union 1826 - London University is founded. 1837 - American Physiological Society organizes in Boston, Massachusetts. 1840 - Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du Regiment premieres in Paris. 1843 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi premieres in Milan. 1858 - Blessed Virgin Mary is said to appear to Saint Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes. 1861 - American Civil War: United States House of.
Unicameralism - has proven ineffectual, like the Legislative Council in New Zealand, (abolished in 1951). Unicameralists argue that the functions of a second chamber, such as reviewing or revising legislation, can be performed by parliamentary committees, while further constitutional safeguards can be provided by a written Constitution. Examples of single chamber parliaments or legislatures include: National People's Congress in the People's Republic of China Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Croatian Sabor Danish Folketing Finland Eduskunta Parlamento Nacional of East Timor Althing in Iceland New Zealand House of Representatives Norway Storting (may divide into two chambers for some purposes) Assembly of the Republic of Portugal Kukhoe of South Korea Parliament of Sri Lanka Swedish Riksdag Turkey Büyük Millet Meclisi Asamblea Nacional of Venezuela Some of the subnational entities with unicameral legislatures.
Finland-Swedish - century rise of Fennomani (ethnic Nationalism in its Finnish version) led to the establishment of Finnish as a language of culture, science and administration in Finland. One important aspect is that many families of the Swedish-speaking elite learned Finnish and, championing a total switch of language, made Finnish the mother tongue of their children. Tensions between the Finnish speaking majority and the Swedish speaking minority were inevitable. The minority identified themselves as the vector of Western culture, the link to the western world. In the light of repeated losses of importance and influence of Finland-Swedish in Finland, it was natural for the minority to identify Sweden as the mother country capable of intervening against anti-Swedish policies by the government of Finland. As the tensions diminished from the mid-1930s and forth, and.
Foundation of Modern Sweden - - From 1523 to 1600. Rise as a Great Power The Swedish Empire The Great War Absolute Monarchy The Union with Norway Modernization Industrialization Realm of Sweden List of Swedish monarchs List of Swedish wars Gustav Vasa The extraordinary difficulties of Gustav I of Sweden were directly responsible for the eccentric development, both political and religious, of the new kingdom which his genius created. So precarious was the position of the young king, that he was glad to make allies wherever he could find them. Hence his desire to stand well with the Holy See. Only three months after his accession, he addressed letters to the pope begging him to appoint new bishops “who would defend the rights of the Church without detriment to the Crown.” He was especially urgent for.
Union of International Associations (UIA) - for Information and Documentation (FID), and with which UIA activities were closely associated. Became a federation, under the present name, at the 1st World Congress of International Organizations (Brussels, 1910). 2. Current status and Constitution The Statutes were modified in 1951 to give the UIA the character of an institute with a world focus, having individuals as full members. It is an independent, non-governmental, non-profit body which is apolitical in character. Its programmes are totally oriented toward the community of international associations whose actions they are designed to facilitate, whether through special studies or through new uses of information. The UIA is registered under the Belgian law of 25th October 1919 as an international association with scientific aims. 3. Aims and activities Contribute to a universal order based on principles of.
