Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan - Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed in 1985. It changed Pakistan's government from a Parliamentary system to a Semi-presidential system by giving the President a number of additional powers, including the right to dissolve the National Assembly at his discretion. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Constitution of Pakistan - Constitution of Pakistan There have been several documents known as the Constitution of Pakistan they will be dealt here in chronological order after the independence of Pakistan. The 1973 Constitution, as amended in 1985, provides for parliamentary system with a President as head of state and popularly elected Prime Minister as head of government. The bicameral legislature, Majlis-i-Shoora (Council of Advisors), consists of Senate (upper house) and National Assembly (lower house). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early constitutional beginnings 2 The Constitution of 1956 3 The Constitution of 1973 4 Basic structure of the Constitution 4.1 President 4.2 Parliament and Federal Government 4.3 Judiciary 5.
History of Pakistan - History of Pakistan Pakistan, along with India, was one of two states created out of the territory of British colonial India in 1947. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient South Asia 2 Background to creation of Pakistan 3 1971 Civil War 4 1977-1985 Martial Law 5 The Democratic Interregnum 6 Return of Military Rule 7 Kashmir Ancient South Asia Main article: History of South Asia The territory of present-day Pakistan has been the home of many civilizations. Archeological explorations have revealed impressive ruins of a 4,500-year old urban civilization in Pakistan's Indus River valley (see Indus Valley civilization). This civilization declined around 1500-1900 B.C. One major theory is that the Indus Valley civilization was crushed by successive invasions (circa 2000 B.C. and 1400 B.C.) of Aryans, Indo-European.
Afghan Constitution Commission - Afghan Constitution Commission The Afghan Constitution Commission (or Afghan Constitutional Commission) was established October 5, 2002 as required by the Bonn Agreement, which stipulated that a new Afghan constitution be adopted by a loya jirga. The loya jirga was required to convene within eighteen months of the establishment of Afghan Transitional Administration, which was established in June 2002. After some delay, the proposed Afghan Constitution was presented to President Hamid Karzai on November 3, 2003. A loya jirga began December 14, 2003 (four days after schedule) in Kabul and was endorsed January 4, 2004. Make up of the Commission The initial Commission was made up of nine members and started work on October 5, 2002. After its work was completed (although no draft was released) the initial.
Pakistan - Pakistan A new page based on the new template is being worked on at Pakistan/Temp, please make any changes you want to make on that page. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, given this name in the constitution of 1956, is a nation in south-central Asia bordering Iran, Afghanistan, China, India, and the Arabian Sea. Pakistan is home to around 140 million people, most of whom are Muslim, which is the state religion. Although the port city of Karachi was capital, the current capital of Pakistan is the city of Islamabad. Islamic Republic of Pakistan ''' coat of arms (In Detail) ''National motto: "none" Official languages English,Urdu Capital Islamabad President Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali Area - Total - % water Ranked 34th 803,940 km².
Politics of Pakistan - Politics of Pakistan The Pakistan Constitution of 1973, amended substantially in 1985 under Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, was suspended by the military government on October 12, 1999. Pervez Musharraf has committed to return Pakistan to democratic, civilian rule but the implications of his promised structural reforms on the country's previous parliamentary system are unknown. Under the Provisional Constitutional Order and its amendments, all power flows from and to the Chief Executive, who also holds the posts of Chief of Army Staff and Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Judiciary is proscribed from issuing any order contrary to the decisions of the Chief Executive, and the President, Cabinet, National Security Council, and Governors serve at his discretion. In practice, Musharraf consults extensively with his civilian appointees and Corps Commanders.
President of Pakistan - President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan is Pakistan's Head of State. Originally, Pakistan was a constitutional monarchy with the British Monarch as head of state. The monarchy was abolished in 1956, and instead of a monarch Pakistan had a figurehead president. However in 1969 there was a military coup and General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan had himself declared President. The constitution was revised, and the President ruled Pakistan directly, as a dictator. In the next decades democracy would be restored, and so would the figurehead presidency, only to again be abolished and replaced with executive-president military rule. Currently, Pakistan has an executive president, Pervez Musharraf. Musharraf siezed power in a 1999 coup, and has ruled largely as Pakistan's "cheif executive" (as was his original title). However.
January 14 - Julian calendar. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances Events 1639 - Connecticut's first constitution, the "Fundamental Orders," is adopted. 1690 - The clarinet is invented in Nuremberg, Germany. 1724 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne. 1784 - American Revolutionary War: The United States ratifies a peace treaty with England. 1814 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden. 1858 - Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt. 1900 - Giacomo Puccini's opera Tosca premieres in Rome. 1907 - An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000. 1939 - Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica. 1943 - Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel via airplane while in office (Miami, Florida to Morocco to.
July 2003 - Muslim and chief spokesman for the Islamic Dawa Party, which was banned during Saddam's rule, is picked to be the first of nine men who will serve one-month stints leading postwar Iraq. He will hold the presidency in August. A Canadian concert, Molson Canadian Rocks for Toronto, attended by 450,000 people, takes place to show that SARS is no longer in Toronto and to raise money for health care and hospitality workers affected by the outbreak. July 29, 2003 In Puebla, Mexico, the last production Volkswagen Beetle, nicknamed El Rey, rolls off the production line. July 28, 2003 The United Nations Security Council appoints Harri Holkeri to head the temporary civilian administration UNMIK in Kosovo. Ambassador Ole Wøhlers Olsen, the Muslim Danish coordinator for the U.S.-led provisional authority in southern Iraq.
Indira Gandhi - consolidate her power and authority. By using her powers of appointment, she created "notoriously weak" cabinets. She created her own governing Congress (R) party following the November 1969 split within the governing Indian National Congress. Re-elected in 1971, she proceeded to boost her government's fortunes through a successful war that December against neighbouring Pakistan in East Bengal, where India's intervention enabled local separatists to crown their nine-month war of independence with the creation of the independent republic of Bangladesh. To avoid being jailed for corrupt election practices, in June 1975 she declared a state of emergency, and in her own words brought democracy "to a grinding halt". Invoking article 352 of the Indian Constitution, she granted herself extraordinary powers and launched a massive crackdown on civil liberties and political opposition. Rival.
International Council of Unitarians and Universalists - origin, proposed the 1987 resolution. However, the General Assembly resolution provided no funding. The Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) became particularly interested in the establishment of a council when it had to deal with an increasing number of applications for membership from congregations outside North America. It had already granted membership to congregations in Adelaide, Auckland, the Philippines and Pakistan, and congregations in Sydney, Russia and Spain had applied for membership. Rather than admit congregations from all over the world, the UUA hoped that they would join a world council instead. The UUA thus became willing to provide funding for the council's establishment. As a result, the council was finally established at a meeting in Essex, Massachusetts on March 23-26, 1995. Rev. David Usher became the ICUU's first President. The size of.
International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol - Jesús Espigares Mira, Director of the Criminal Investigation Department of the Spanish National Police. The current Secretary General, Ronald K. Noble, formerly of the US Treasury Department, is the first non-European to hold the position. Because of the politically neutral role Interpol must play, its Constitution forbids any involvement in crimes that do not overlap several member countries, or any political, military, religious, or racial crimes. Its work centers primarily on public safety and terrorism, organized crime, illicit drug production and trafficking, weapons smuggling, trafficking in human beings, money laundering, financial and high-tech crime, and corruption. In October 2001, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 384, representing 54 different countries. Of those, 112 were police officers, 112 civilians. That same month, Interpol began to change from a 9-to-5 agency.
Iraq disarmament crisis timeline 2001-2003 - the proposed aid package. [1] February 24, 2003 Secretary of State Colin Powell states at a meeting in Beijing that "It is time to take action. The evidence is clear ... We are reaching that point where serious consequences must flow." His speech appears to imply that military action is likely to follow within three weeks, based on previous briefings from The Pentagon. February 25, 2003 The United States, Britain and Spain present to the UN Security Council a much-anticipated second resolution stating that Iraq "has failed to take the final opportunity" to disarm, but does not include deadlines or an explicit threat of military force. Meanwhile, France, Germany, and Russia offer a counter-proposal calling for peaceful disarmament through further inspections. Both major parties of Kurdistan, an autonomous region in Northern.
Hamid Karzai - take place in June 2004. If the Constitutional loya jirga of December 2003 approves the Proposed Afghan Constitution, which would create a presidential system of government, Karzai said he would run for the position of President of Afghanistan. Karzai was born in Kandahar, Afghanistan. An ethnic Pashtun and a member of the powerful Populzai clan (from which many Afghan Kings have come), he came from a family that were among the strongest supporters of King Zahir Shah. Thus, he became involved in political landscape in Afghanistan early on. He took a postgraduate course in political science at Himachal University in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India from 1979 to 1983, then returned to financially support anti-Soviet uprisings in Afghanistan during the rest of the 1980s. After the expulsion of Soviet forces, he served.
History of Oman - to establish hegemony, the Sultan of Oman extended his conquests to Zanzibar, other parts of the eastern coast of Africa, and portions of the southern Arabian Peninsula. During this period, political leadership shifted from the Ibadhi imams (elected religious leaders) to hereditary sultans who established their capital in Muscat - whence the alternative names formerly used for the state: "Muscat" and "Muscat and Oman". The Muscat rulers established trading posts on the Persian coast and also exercised a measure of control over the Makran coast (now part of Pakistan). By the early 19th century Oman functioned as the most powerful state in Arabia and on the East African coast. Most of these overseas possessions were seized by the United Kingdom and by 1850 Oman was an isolated a poor area of.
History of Bangladesh - extending British dominion from Bengal, which became a region of India, in the east to the Indus River in the west. The rise of nationalism throughout British-controlled India in the late 19th century resulted in mounting animosity between the Hindu and Muslim communities. In 1885, the All-India National Congress was founded with Indian and British membership. Muslims seeking an organization of their own founded the All-India Muslim League in 1906. Although both the League and the Congress supported the goal of Indian self-government within the British Empire, the two parties were unable to agree on a way to ensure the protection of Muslim political, social, and economic rights. The subsequent history of the nationalist movement was characterized by periods of Hindu-Muslim cooperation, as well as by communal antagonism. The idea of.
Hindutva - discussing the controversy surrounding it. The main beliefs of Hindutva are: The Indian subcontinent (which includes the area south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush, usually Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and sometimes Afghanistan) is the homeland of the Hindus. "Hindus" are those whose religion is indigenous to India. This includes Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs, as well as those who are usually accounted as Hindus. Hindus have been historically oppressed in their own land by invading forces like the Muslims and the Christians. Hindus have become weak over time due to the influence of British colonial and Communist thinking. A Hindu state must be established to protect the rights of the Hindus in their homeland. Hindutva has always had a strong anti-Communist bent, and usually portrays Communists as conniving.
Gujarati language - spoken mainly in Gujarat, a state in western India, where it is a regional language officially recognized by the Constitution. It is written in Gujarati script, an abugida very similar to Devanagari (the script used for Sanskrit and Hindi), but without the continuous line at the top of the letters. It is spoken by about 46 million people worldwide, making it the 23rd most spoken language in the world. Of these, roughly 45.5 million reside in India, 150,000 in Uganda, 250,000 in Tanzania, 50,000 in Kenya and roughly 100,000 in Pakistan. Considerable population of Gujarati speakers exists in North America as well. Two most common surnames are Shah and Patel. History The history of the language can be traced back to 12th c. CE. A formal grammar of the precursor of.
Father of the Nation - he remained a controversial figure, to the majority of the electorate and the supporters of the state's biggest political party (whom he founded and led for 33 years) Eamon de Valera was seen as the father of the nation up to his death in 1975. However in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s his reputation too underwent a re-evaluation, with the public moving away from their unfettered enthusiasm for 'deV' and his achievements and instead focusing interest on leaders like Michael Collins whom de Valera in his lifetime had tried to sideline. Sun Yat-sen is regarded the Guofu (國父) in the Republic of China (now on Taiwan). The term is not used for Mao Zedong in mainland China. The deposed King Mohammed Zahir Shah has been called "Father of the Nation" of.
February 2003 - federal politics by Jörg Haider was averted, one of the new members of the government is Ursula Haubner, Haider's sister. Darren Flutie, Canadian Football's all-time leader in receptions, retires. The Czech Republic finally chooses a new President, former Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus. The county had been without a President after three attempts at choosing a replacement for former President Vaclav Havel. The United States 9th Circuit Court, based in San Francisco, California, reaffirmed its ruling that the words "Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance are unconstitutional. It is expected that the Bush administration will appeal to the Supreme Court. The United States government backtracked on its pledge to send American combat troops to the Philippines in order to track down Islamic terrorists in that nation. Philippine opponents of the plan.
