Ignition system - Ignition system The ignition system of an internal combustion engine is an important part of the overall engine system. It provides for the timely burning of the fuel mixture within the engine. Not all engine types need an ignition system - for example, a diesel engine relies on compression-ignition, that is, the rise in temperature that accompanies the rise in pressure within the cylinder is sufficient to ignite the fuel spontaneously. All conventional petrol engines, by contrast, require an ignition system. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Contact ignition 2 Magneto system 3 Mechanical ignition 4 Electronic ignition 5 Engine management Contact ignition The earliest petrol engines used a very crude ignition system. This often took the form of a copper or brass rod which protruded into the.
Integrated NATO Air Defense System - Integrated NATO Air Defense System Integrated NATO Air Defense System or INADS was the NATO response to the Russian development of long range bombers in the 1950s. The need to maintain a credible deterrence when early warning and intercept times were massively reduced led to the development of a improved air defense (AD) system. The development was approved by the NATO Military Committee in December 1955. The defense was to be based on four air defense regions (ADRs) coordinated by SACEUR (Supreme Allied Commander Europe). Starting from 1956 early warning coverage was extended across Western Europe, using eighteen radar stations; this part of the system was completed by 1962, linked to existing national radar sites the coordinated system was called the NATO Air Defense Ground Environment (NADGE). By 1972 NADGE.
Information system - Information system The term information system has the following meanings: 1. A system, whether automated or manual, that comprises people, machines, and/or methods organized to collect, process, transmit, and disseminate data that represent user information. 2. Any telecommunications and/or computer related equipment or interconnected system or subsystems of equipment that is used in the acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of voice and/or data, and includes software, firmware, and hardware Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188 and from the National Information Systems Security Glossary The simplest model that describes the Structure and Behaviour of an Information System takes five objects: For Structure: Repositories, hold data permanent or temporarily, such as buffers, RAM, hard disks, cache, etc. Interfaces, exhange information.
Intelligent transportation system - Intelligent transportation system The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) program is an initiative of the United States Department of Transportation to add information technology to transportation infrastructure and vehicles. It aims to manage vehicles, loads, and routes to improve safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation times and fuel costs. The ITS program was originally called Intelligent Vehicle/Highway Systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems are a set of related technologies, including: archived data archived data mart archived data warehouse archived data virtual warehouse advanced public transit systems transit vehicle tracking transit fixed-route operations demand responsive transit passenger and fare management public travel security transit maintenance multi-modal co-ordination en-route transit information multi-modal connection protection advanced traveler information systems in-vehicle navigation systems variable message signs broadcast traveller information interactive traveller information autonomous route guidance.
Inertial guidance system - Inertial guidance system An inertial navigation system measures the position and attitude of a vehicle by measuring the accelerations and rotations applied to the system's inertial frame. It is widely used because it refers to no real-world item beyond itself. It is therefore immune to jamming and deception. (See relativity and Mach's principle for some background in the physics involved). An inertial guidance system consists of an inertial navigation system combined with control mechanisms, allowing the path of a vehicle to be controlled according to the position determined by the inertial navigation system. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview 2 Inertial navigation systems in detail 3 Schemes 3.1 Gyrostabilized platforms 3.2 Rate Gyro Systems 3.3 Laser Gyros 3.4 Brandy Snifter Gyros 3.5 Quartz Rate Sensors 3.6 Pendular Accelerometers.
Involuntary control of respiration - Involuntary control of respiration Involuntary Control of Respiration The respiratory center located in the medulla and the pons, acts in the regulation of rhythmic, involuntary respiration. From within the medulla, graded action potentials are discharged in a cyclic pattern, and act to excite respiratory muscles. Bilaterally paired aggregations of neurons called the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group, act in inspiration and expiration (respectively), are mutually inhibitory and act with symmetry (facilitated by cross communication). The dorsal respiratory group is active during inspiration although they are not the source of rhythmic respiration. The ventral respiratory group is involved in inspiration and expiration; these neurons play an important role in respiratory muscle contraction. The Pre-Bo Complex is responsible for the generation of respiratory rhythm, via pacemaker.
VM (Operating system) - VM (Operating system) VM (originally called CP-67 when it first appeared, later renamed VM/370, VM/390, etc) was an early and influentual virtual machine operating system from IBM, apparently the first true virtual machine system. (Technically, the operating system is called CP, for "Control Program", and the term VM is often shorthand for VM/CMS, a complete package with other software, including CMS.) VM is named for its ability to run software in virtual machines which are isolated from each other; each user has the illusion of using a complete computer and can use their own operating system on this "private" computer. It initially ran on the System 360 and System 370 class mainframe machines, starting with the System 360 Model 67; it is still in wide use on IBM.
Kalman filter - by the least-squares method. It is used to separate signal from noise so as to optimally predict changes in a modeled system with time. Kalman filtering is used extensively in control systems engineering. Compare with: Wiener filter.
Katie - dubbed Canada's Sesame Street. Her role was greatly increased on the show when it became Sesame Park, she was even more used than show veteran Dodi. Katie is also a revision control system..
Karim Shah - a major contender for power but was challenged by several adversaries. Karim Khan gained control of central and southern parts of Iran. In order to add legitimacy to his claim, Karim Khan in 1757 placed on the throne the infant Shah Isma'il III, the grandson of the last official Safavid king. Isma'il was a figurehead king, real power being vested in Karim Khan. He was a compassionate ruler who refused to assume the title of shahanshah (king of kings) but used that of the vakil (regent). By 1760 Karim Khan had defeated all his rivals and controlled all of Iran except Khorasan, in the northeast, which was ruled by Shahrokh, the blind grandson of Nader Shah. During Karim Khan's rule Iran recovered from the devastation of 40 years of war. He.
Kamen - all other aircraft combined - with the best safety record of any U.S. military aircraft. 1962 : UH-2A / B production begins January 1964 : First flight of Kaman's experimental Convertiplane equipped with a J-85 engine and wings from a Beechcraft Queen Air. The aircraft achieves speeds of over 320 km/h 1965 : Tomahawk A Sea Sprite derivate with stub wings and a pair of twin guns side-by-side under the nose. Was Kaman 's propossal for the US Army 's interim gunship helicopter between the AAFSS ( AH-56 ) and AAH ( AH-64 ) competitions. Lost against the Bell 209 AH-1 HueyCobra 1967 : The Sea Sprites are modified into twin turbine helicopters . 1969 : US Navy begins LAMPS ( Light Airborne Multipurpose System) development to obtain a on board.
Kamisese Mara - was Minister of Tourism in 1999 and 2000. Mara was elected to one of four seats on the Legislative Council reserved for ethnic Fijians in 1953. (There were eight other elective seats, four reserved for Indians and four for Europeans and other minorities; a further twelve members were appointed by the colonial Governor). Mara was appointed Member for Agriculture (officially an advisor to the Governor, but in reality roughly equivalent to a modern cabinet minister). After 1960, he founded the Alliance Party, which, supported overwhelmingly by the ethnic Fijian and European communities (but not by most Indo-Fijians), won a majority of the seats in the 1963 and 1968 elections. In preparation for independence, the United Kingdom introduced the Westminster (Cabinet) system of government to Fiji in October 1966, and Mara was.
KC-135 Stratotanker - and can offload 20 percent more fuel. Through the years, the KC-135 has been altered to do other jobs ranging from flying command post missions to reconnaissance. The EC-135C was U.S. Strategic Command's flying command post. One EC-135C is on alert throughout the Cold War, ready to take to the air and control bombers and missiles if ground control is lost. RC-135 Rivet Joints are used for special reconnaissance and Air Force Material Command's NKC-135A's are flown in test programs. The Air Combat Command operates the OC-135 Open Skies as an observation platform in compliance with the Open Skies Treaty. Over the next few years (as of 2003), the aircraft will undergo upgrades to expand its capabilities and improve its reliability. Among these are improved communications, navigation and surveillance equipment to.
Ken Livingstone - election. Livingstone was re-admitted to the Labour Party in January 2004 following a five year suspension (curtailed to four years) after he stood against the official Labour Party candidate as an independent in the first mayoral election. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 GLC leadership 2 Livingstone in Parliament 3 London's first Mayor 4 Recent events GLC leadership In the election of May 7 1981, the Labour Party won control of the GLC, with moderate Labourite Andrew McIntosh (later Lord McIntosh) as leader. The day after the election, Livingstone challenged McIntosh for the leadership, defeating him by 30 votes to 20. The GLC immediately set about reducing the exorbitantly high bus and London Underground fares, subsidised by an increase in real estate taxes; this was dubbed the "Fares Fair" policy. Although the.
VESA BIOS Extensions - the resolution of 640×480 pixels with 16 color (4 bit) depth. VBE is made available through the video adapter's BIOS, which installs interrupt vectors pointing at itself during system startup. Unfortunately, the older versions of VBE (those bundled with the vast majority of existing video boards) supported only a real mode interface, which couldn't be used without a significant performance penalty from within protected mode operating systems, such as Windows 95 or Linux. This meant that the VBE standard was almost never used for writing video-drivers, and each video board vendor had to invent a proprietory protocol for communicating with their own board(s). Moreover, VBE does not include tools to control display refresh rate to prevent flicker, a severe problem at high resolutions. See also: VBE 3 standard (PDF format) SuperVGA/VESA.
Kerrison Predictor - like the observed speed and angle to the target. Such devices had been used on ships for gunnery control for some time, but the electromechanical Kerrison was the first to be fast enough to be used in the demanding high-speed anti-aircraft role. The Kerrison Predictor was developed after it had been realized that modern aircraft on the attack flew too quickly for existing traversal systems on medium-sized guns to work. Smaller guns could be aimed by hand due to the short ranges at which they operated, and larger guns shot at targets so far away that the speed that the angle changed at was low enough to calculate the required "lead" using a simple slide rule device in the gunsight. However there was a middle range, served by the British Army's.
Khat - their new environments, outsiders and law enforcement agencies generally see its use in the same light as those of the other psychomotor stimulants, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine. User Population It is estimated that several million people are frequent users of khat. Many of the users originate from countries between Sudan and Madagascar and in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, especially Yemen. In Yemen, 60% of the males and 35% of the females were found to be khat users who had chewed daily for long periods of their life. The traditional form of khat chewing in Yemen involves only male users; khat chewing by females is less formal and less frequent. In Saudi Arabia, the cultivation and consumption of khat are forbidden, and the ban is strictly enforced. The ban.
Kingdom of Jerusalem - given their own autonomous trading quarters. Baldwin died without heirs in 1118, and was succeeded by his cousin, Baldwin of Le Bourg, the Count of Edessa. Baldwin II was also an able ruler, and though he was imprisoned by the Turks several times throughout his reign, the boundaries of the Kingdom continued to expand, with the city of Tyre captured in 1124. Life in the Kingdom As new generations grew up in the kingdom, they began to think of themselves as "oriental," rather than European. They often learned to speek Greek, Arabic, and other eastern languages, and married Greeks or Armenians (and, rarely, Muslims). The kingdom was essentially based on the feudal system of contemporary western Europe, but with many important differences. First of all, the kingdom was situated within a.
Kingsbury Commitment - of 1913 marked the beginning of AT&Tss monopoly. The Bell System and independent telephone operators reduced competition out of concern for government intervention. The government had been increasingly worried that AT&T and the other Bell Companies were monopolizing the industry. Under Theodore N. Vail from 1907 AT&T had bought Bell-associated companies and organized them into new hierarchies. AT&T had also acquired many of the independents, and bought control of Western Union, giving it a monopolistic position in both telephone and telegraph communication. It is also credited with using almost illegal methods to eliminate competition. Vail stated that there should be "one policy, one system (AT&T's) and universal service, no collection of separate companies could give the public the service that [the] Bell... system could give." Faced with a government investigation for.
Kievan Rus' - by loan words, such as jabetnik "complaining person" (from aembetsman "official") and gospodin "lord" (from husbondi "master"). Nordic names also became popularized, such as Oleg (Helgi), Olga (Helga) and Igor (Ingvar). The Golden Age of Kiev The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan Rus' for the next two centuries. The grand prince of Kiev controlled the lands around the city, and his theoretically subordinate relatives ruled in other cities and paid him tribute. The zenith of the state's power came during the reigns of Prince Vladimir (r. 978-1015) and Prince Yaroslav (the Wise; r. 1019-1054). Both rulers continued the steady expansion of Kievan Rus' that had begun under Oleg. To enhance their power, Vladimir married the sister of the Byzantine emperor. Yaroslav's granddaughter, his son Vsevolod I, Prince of.
