Hydrogen cyanide - Hydrogen cyanide Properties General Name Hydrogen cyanide Chemical formula HCN Appearance Colourless liquid Physical Formula weight 27.0 amu Melting point 260 K (-13 °C) Boiling point 299 K (26 °C) Density 0.7 ×103 kg/m3 Solubility very soluble Thermochemistry ΔfH0gas 135.14 kJ/mol ΔfH0liquid 109 kJ/mol ΔfH0solid 100 kJ/mol S0gas, 1 bar 201.82 J/mol·K S0liquid, 1 bar 113.01 J/mol·K S0solid ? J/mol·K Safety Ingestion Extremely toxic. Early symptoms include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Inhalation Extremely dangerous. Early symptoms include slow breathing rate, irritation. Skin Poisoning is thought to be possible through the skin. Eyes Dilated pupils are a symptom of poisoning. More info Hazardous Chemical Database SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references Hydrogen cyanide, also known as formonitrile,.
Cyanide - Cyanide A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the group CN, with the carbon atom triple bonded to the nitrogen atom. Inorganic cyanides contain the highly toxic cyanide ion CN- and are the salts of the acid hydrogen cyanide (HCNCN). Organic cyanides contain the CN group single-bonded to another carbon atom and are also known as nitriles. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Appearance 2 Occurrence and use 3 Effects on the human body 4 Mechanism of toxicity and treatment 5 Use as a poison 6 Mining 7 Fishing Appearance Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless gas with a faint, bitter, almond-like odor. Some people are unable to smell cyanide at all, due to a genetic trait. Sodium cyanide (NaCNCN) and potassium cyanide (KCNCN) are both white.
Cyanide process - Cyanide process The Cyanide Process is a mining technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore via the use of cyanide compounds. Due to the highly toxic nature of cyanide, the process is controversial. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 The reaction 3 The process and its uses 4 Controversy 5.
Sodium cyanide - Sodium cyanide Properties General Name Sodium cyanide Chemical Formula NaCN Appearance White deliquescent granular solid Atomic Molecular weigth 49.01 amu Physical State of matter at STP solid (nonmagnetic) Melting point at SP 837 K Boiling point at SP 1769 K Specific gravity 1.60 Chemical pH Aqueous solutions are strongly alkaline Precautions Toxic YES Decompostion products Emits toxic fumes of cyanide and oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. SI units were used where possible. Sodium cyanide is a chemical substance. It is a toxic cyanide. It is also known under the names Hydrocyanic acid, sodium salt and Cyanogran. In case of direct contact to this substance see [first aid guide] for first aid and immediately get medical attention. Sodium cyanide is used to extract gold and other.
Potassium ferrocyanide - litre of water can dissolve just under 300g of the crystals, and the solution can be reduced with acid to release cyanide gas. The resulting hydrogen cyanide (HCN) boils at 26C and, being lighter than air, quickly evaporates clear of the release point. On February 20, 2002 four Moroccans were arrested while in possession detailed maps of the US embassy in Rome, the Rome water supply network, and four kilograms of potassium ferrocyanide. See also: potassium ferricyanide, Prussian blue.
Kool-Aid - and hair. It is also available in an artificially-sweetened, non-sugar version. In 1978, 900 followers of cult leader Jim Jones committed suicide by drinking a grape-flavored drink laced with cyanide at their commune in Jonestown, Guyana. This drink is often said to have been Kool-Aid, and this popular misconception is so widespread that to "drink (someone's) Kool-Aid", to be a Kool-Aid drinker, has acquired the meaning of having been utterly deceived by someone to the point of destruction. In fact, the drink at Jonestown was Flavor-aid a cheaper imitation of Kool-Aid..
Jim Jones - founded Jonestown in Guyana; the town was a closed-in society of Jones' followers, where Jim Jones and all of Jonestown committed suicide on Jones's instructions by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor-aid (a Kool-aid imitation) in 1978. See also: Jonestown.
Joseph Goebbels - suicide, Hitler appointed Goebbels Chancellor of Germany in his will (with Karl Dönitz as Führer). His government was not recognised by the Allied powers. On May 1, 1945, Goebbels and his wife also killed themselves, as well as their six children. Like Hitler's final moments, the details of the death of the Goebbels family remains unclear. While it is certain that they were all poisoned with cyanide, some contend that he shot himself and his wife afterwards, though when their bodies were found by the Soviets, they were apparently too charred to discern whether this was true. Preceded by: Adolf Hitler Chancellors of Germany Succeeded by: Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk.
Inorganic chemistry - containing metal-carbon bonds. Vitamin B12, whose active site is similar to that of hemoglobin, is a naturally-occurring, metabolically-important organometallic compound containing a large organic components (corrin and protein), a metal (cobalt), a bond between the metal and the carbon of a methyl group. Despite the presence of metal ions or metal-carbon bonds, gold cyanide, calcium carbonate, and nickel tetracarbonyl (to name just a few such) are inorganic, rather than organometallic, compounds, although some chemists consider metal carbonyls to be organometallic. Adding to the confusion, the oxides of carbon, carbonate salts, and materials containing carbon like steel and diamond are usually considered inorganic, while the inorganic molecule nitric oxide is often studied for biochemical effects. Much of inorganic chemistry deals with molecular compounds, i.e many inorganic materials have a structure that can.
Inorganic chemistry of carbon - carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Other types include (but are not limited to) inorganic salts and complexes of the carbon-containing polyatomic ions, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, carbonate, and carbide. The known inorganic chemistry of the allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite, and the fullerenes) blossomed with the discovery of buckminsterfullerene in the late 20th century as additional fullerenes and their various derivatives were discovered. One such class of derivatives is inclusion compounds, in which an ion is enclosed by the all-carbon shell of the fullerene. This inclusion is denoted by the "@" symbol. For example, an ion consisting of a lithium ion trapped within buckminsterfullerene would be denoted C60@Li+. As with any other ionic compound, this complex ion could in principle pair with a counterion to form a salt..
Inorganic table information - Structure Catalogue To contributors: please add any additional sources to the list above. To readers: I can't guarantee contributors will heed the above request. Ammonia Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Arsine Borax Boric acid Boron nitride Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ferric oxide Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide Lead (II) nitrate Magnesium hydroxide Nitric acid Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Potassium carbonate Potassium hydroxide Saltpetre Silane Silicon dioxide Silver nitrate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sodium hydroxide Sodium hypochlorite Sodium nitrate Sulfur dioxide Sulphuric acid Tetrachloromethane Titanium dioxide Water See also List of compounds Excel data/VBA table generator - the data for these tables.
Isocyanate - -O-C≡N, which is formed from cyanogen in the normal -ate manner. An isocyanate is a compound containing the isocyanate group. See also cyanide, isothiocyanate, methyl isocyanate..
Heinrich Himmler - either Untermenschen (sub-human) or in opposition to his regime, and place them in concentration camps. Himmler now became one of the main architects of the Holocaust, using elements of mysticism and a fanatical belief in the racist Nazi ideology. By 1944 Himmler's SS numbered over 800,000, however, most of them were either in infantry or armoured units. By 1944 Himmler was tasked to sorting out a dispute between the SD and the German military intelligence organisation, the Abwehr. Himmler resolved the issue by simply merging the Abwehr into the SD. In late 1944, Himmler became commander of army group Oberrhein (Upper Rhine), which was fighting the oncoming United States 7th Army and French 1st Army in the Alsace region on the west bank of the Rhine. Himmler held this post until.
Hermann Göring - resources captured during the war, particularly in the USSR. This proved to be an almost total disaster and little of the potential available was effectively harnessed for the service of the German military machine. However, Göring became notorious among the Nazi elite for his pilfering of art and other valuables from occupied Europe. In his political testament just before his own suicide, Hitler expelled Göring and Heinrich Himmler from the party and from all offices of State for disloyalty to him and negotiations with the enemy without his knowledge and against his wishes, and for illegally attempting to seize power in the State for themselves. This referred to a telegram which Göring sent from Berchtesgaden to Hitler in Berlin on April 23, 1945, in which he offered to take command of.
Hydrocyanic acid - a powerful hallucinogenic drug. This is the water solution of hydrogen cyanide. It is made by combining hydrogen and cyanogen. It is a colorless volatile liquid, with a peach-blossom odor. It is an extremely deadly poison. It is also known as prussic acid..
Gas chamber - used for animal euthenasia in the past (along with vacuum chambers), but most jurisdictions no longer permit this. Hydrogen cyanide, or more rarely Carbon monoxide, are the typical agents. Capital punishment Gas chambers have been used for capital punishment in the United States in the past to execute criminals, especially convicted murderers. Five states retain this method, but all allow lethal injection as an alternative. A federal court in California has declared this method of execution as "cruel and unusual punishment". The punishment was (and still is) instituted individually and publicly, behind the protective glass of a gas chamber, in full view of accredited journalists, legal and medical experts, and the prosecuting side. The gassed individual can see the poison, and is advised to take a deep breath after the gas.
George Elkington - the Elkingtons were quick to recognize its possibilities. They had already taken out certain patents for the application of electricity to metals when, in 1840, John Wright, a Birmingham surgeon, discovered the valuable properties of a solution of cyanide of silver in cyanide of potassium for electroplating purposes. The Elkingtons purchased and patented Wright's process, subsequently acquiring the rights of other processes and improvements. Large new works for electroplating and electrogilding were opened in Birmingham in 1841, and in the following year Josiah Mason became a partner in the firm. George Richards Elkington died on the 22nd of September 1865, and Henry Elkington on October 26, 1852. References This was edited from the entry in the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica..
Grand Calumet River - substances from fossil fuel burning, waste incineration and evaporation enter the AOC through direct contact with water, surface water runoff and leaching of accumulated materials deposited on land. Toxins from this source include dioxins, PCBs, insecticides and heavy metals. Urban Runoff. Rain water passing over paved urban areas washes grease, oil and toxic organics such as PCBs and PAHs into AOC surface waters. Contaminated Groundwater. Groundwater contaminated with organic compounds, heavy metals and petroleum products contaminates AOC surface waters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) estimates that at least 16.8 million gallons (63.6 million liters) of oil float on top of groundwater beneath the AOC. Point sources of contaminants Industrial and Municipal Wastewater Discharges. Three steel manufacturers contribute 90 percent of industrial point source discharges to the AOC. One.
Fat Butt and Pancake Head - Lopez becomes involved in an increasingly romantic relationship with Ben Affleck. Cartman hates the relationship; he doesn't like Ben Affleck. After waking up one morning to discover Ben naked in his bed (Ben apparently had sex with Ms. Lopez), Cartman learns that Ms. Lopez and Ben are planning to get married. The news of the wedding angers the real Jennifer Lopez. At the end of the episode, Cartman decides to run for it. At a bridge, Jennifer Lopez, the police, Ben Affleck, the people from the recording company, Kyle, Kenny and Stan catch up with Cartman and Ms. Lopez. Everyone (except the boys) starts to argue about Ms. Lopez. Ms. Lopez screams for everyone to be quiet. She then makes a confession: she is not Jennifer Lopez; she is...Mitch Connor. Mitch.
Fred A. Leuchter - he traveled to Auschwitz to examine the possibility that there were facilities used for gassing the Jews. Leuchter collected a few wall samples, and claimed to test them for exposure to cyanide. He claimed that no traces of it were found. Leuchter gave evidence in the trial of Ernst Zündel, which did not prevent Zündel from being convicted under a Canadian "false news" law. Leuchter's holocaust denial claims were refuted by mainstream scientists and historians. They note that the methods used by Leuchter to examine the gas chambers were fundametally flawed. They note that cyanide could penetrate the stone masonry of the gas chambers only to the depth of one-tenth of a human hair. Leuchter pulverized his brick samples and thus mixed the entire sample together, instead of only examining the.
