DBASE - DBASE dBASE was the first widely used database application for microcomputers, published by Ashton-Tate for CP/M, and later on the Apple II and IBM PC under DOS where it became one of the best-selling software titles for a number of years. dBASE was never able to transition successfully to Microsoft Windows and was eventually displaced by newer products like Paradox and FoxPro. Ashton-Tate was later sold to Borland in 1991, which sold the rights to the product line in 1999 to the newly-formed dBASE Inc. History dBASE's history can be traced back to the mid-1960s in the form of a system called RETRIEVE, which was marketed by Tymshare Corporation. RETRIEVE was used by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and in the late 1960s they asked one of their.
Year 2000 problem - that fully quelled public fears. The preparations for the possible crisis did have an unexpected benefit on August 14, 2003, during the 2003 U.S.-Canada blackout. The previous activities had led to the installation of new electrical generation equipment and systems which allowed for a relatively rapid restoration of power in some areas. The programming problem The underlying programming problem was quite real. In the 1960s, computer memory and storage were scarce and expensive, and most data processing was done on punch cards which represented text data in 80-column records. Programming languages of the time, such as COBOL and RPG, processed numbers in their ASCII or EBCDIC representations. They occasionally used an extra bit called a "zone punch" to save one character for a minus sign on a negative number, or compressed.
InterBase - their Unix machines, and agreed to fund development. With their encouragement he formed Groton Database Systems (named after the town, Groton, Massachusetts, where they were located) on Labour Day 1984 and started work on what would eventually be released as InterBase in 1986. Apollo suffered a corporate shakeup and decided to exit the software business, but by this time the product was making money. Between 1986 and 1991 the product was gradually sold to Ashton-Tate, makers of the famous dBASE who were at the time purchasing various database companies in order to fill out their portfolio. The company was soon in trouble, and Borland purchased Ashton-Tate in 1991, acquiring InterBase as part of the deal. In early 2000, Borland announced that InterBase would be open sourced, and began negotiations to spin.
Database - so long as they have the same interface (polymorphism). This doesn't fit well with a relational database where all rows in a table have exactly the same columns and the columns are directly accessible. A variety of ways have been tried for storing objects in a database, but there is little consensus on how this should be done. Some ways of implementing object databases appear to undo the benefits of relational model by introducing pointers and making ad-hoc queries more difficult. As a result, object databases tend to be used for specialized applications and general-purpose object databases have not been very popular commercially. Instead, objects are often stored in relational databases using complicated mapping software. At the same time, relational database software vendors have added features to allow objects to be.
Adam Osborne - half the cost of a computer from other manufacturers with comparable features--and ran the popular CP/M 2.2 operating system. Besides being the first portable computer, it was also the first computer that included software; the bundled WordStar, SuperCalc, dBase II, CBASIC and MBASIC had a retail value of more than $2,000. Its hardware features included dual 5.25-inch disk drives, a 4 MHz Zilog Z80 CPU, a fold down keyboard, and a five-inch, 52x24 character monitor. At its peak, Osborne Computer Corporation shipped 10,000 Osborne 1s per month. The computer was widely imitated as other computer companies started bundling software, lowering prices, and offering portable computers. Osborne's most famous imitator was Compaq, who offered a portable computer compatible with the IBM PC. In 1983, Adam Osborne bragged about two advanced new computers.
Ashton-Tate - best known for developing the popular dBASE database application. The company was bought by Borland in September 1991. Products dBASE Framework - integrated word processor, outliner and spreadsheet application. InterBase - purchased from Groton Database Systems MultiMate - DOS-based word processor.
Categorical list of programming languages - ECMAScript (aka, JavaScript) Java Perl Coyote (a version of C intended to make some common programming errors much harder -- eg buffer overflow) D (a step beyond C from Walter Bright, compiler producer extraordinary) Pike (another step beyond C) PHP Dataflow languages rely on a (usually visual) representation of the flow of data to specify the program. Frequently used for reacting to discrete events or for processing streams of data. Examples of dataflow languages include: LabView Max Pure Data Data-oriented languages provide powerful ways of searching and manipulating the relations that have been described as entity relationship tables which map one set of things into other sets. Examples of data-oriented languages include: dBase a relational database access language SQL M (an ANSI standard general purpose language with specializations for database work.).
Clipper - Clippers 2 See also 3 Reference 4 The Age of Flight 5 Clipper programming language 6 Cryptography Notable Clippers Cutty Sark Flying Cloud Great Republic James Baines Lightning Sea Witch Sovereign of the Seas Thermopylae See also William Jardine Donald McKay Packet ship Sail-plan Reference Carl C. Cutler, Greyhounds of the Sea (1930, 3rd ed. Naval Institute Press 1984) The Age of Flight In the twentieth century, the term Clipper was applied to the flying boats that opened new global air routes, including vast stretches of the Pacific, to passenger service. Aircraft such as the Consolidated Aircraft Commodore and Boeing Model 314 became iconic symbols of the era of flight, and the name Pan Am Clipper came to stand for the romantic allure of air travel to exotic destinations. Clipper programming.
Clipper programming language - general-purpose programming tool, it is almost exclusively used to create database programs. Clipper was originally created strictly as a compiler for dBASE code. Compiling changes dBASE code from interpreted code, which must be interpreted every time the line of code is executed, to machine language, which does not need interpretation and thus is considerably faster in execution. Clipper was created by a company named Nantucket, and later sold to Computer Associates. As the product matured, it remained a DOS tool, but added elements of the C programming language and Pascal programming language to become more powerful than the original. As of this writing (2003), the language has not been updated in several years but is still actively used, and many variants are being created, such as Xbase++ and Harbour. Libraries that.
CP/M operating system - new machines, and was one of the main reasons for CP/M's widespread use. Today this sort of abstraction is common to most OSs, but at the time OSs were typically intended to run on only one platform, and multilayer designs were considered unnecessary. History CP/M was originally distributed on 8 inch floppy disks, and ran on the Intel 8080 CPU (as well as the compatible and very popular Zilog Z80). Eventually, the industry moved to the 5 1/4 inch disk format, and CP/M followed. Programs written for CP/M were typically completely portable amongst different machines with the same CPU; this made it popular, and much more software was written for CP/M than for operating systems that only ran on one brand of hardware. Hundreds of different brands of machines ran CP/M,.
Timeline of programming languages - Wirth, Jensen Simula67 1972 Smalltalk Environment -- Smalltalk--Digitalk B BCPL 1972 C -- Ritchie * 1973 PROLOG -- Colmeraurer BASIC 1973 COMAL LISP 1975 Scheme -- Sussman, Steele BASIC 1975 Altair BASIC -- Gates, Allen C FORTRAN 1976 RATFOR -- Kernighan MUMPS 1977 X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS FORTRAN IV 1978 FORTRAN77 ( * 1978 VISICALC -- Bricklin, Frankston) C SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Kernighan ( * 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff ) Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense 1980 C Simula67 1980 C with Classes -- Stroustrup Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg * 1984 Standard ML ML = Meta-Language 1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS (.
Timeline of computing 1990-forward - specification published by a council of companies including Microsoft and Creative Labs. This specified the minimum standards for a Multimedia IBM PC. The MPC level 1 specification originally required a 80286/12 MHz PC, but this was later increased to a 80386SX/16 MHz computer as an 80286 was realised to be inadequate. It also required a CD-ROM drive capable of 150 KB/sec (single speed) and also of Audio CD output. Companies can, after paying a fee, use the MPC logo on their products. 1990 - November ATA spec. final proposal submitted to ANSI. 1991 Introduction of ISA standard, although it was simply called the AT bus until after competing standards were launched that needed differentiating. 1991 Borland took over Ashton-Tate Corporation & the Dbase program used by many businesses and individuals. 1991.
Timeline of computing 1950-1979 - It was invented by Atari's founder, Nolan Bushnell, and briefly became popular. However its lack of excitement or variation meant it never captivated players like Space Invaders (1978) or other arcade games of the 1980s. 1972 Computers built after 1972 are often called 'fourth generation' computers, based on LSI (Large Scale Integration) of circuits (such as microprocessors) - typically 500 or more components on a chip. Later developments include VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) of integrated circuits 5 years later - typically 10,000 components. The fourth generation is generally viewed as running right up until the present, since although computing power has increased the basic technology has remained virtually the same. 1972 C programming language developed at The Bell Laboratories in the USA by Dennis Ritche (one of the inventors of.
PHP programming language - PHP, unlike ASP and Perl, has some of the largest free and open-source libaries included with the core build. PHP is a fundamentally internet-aware system and as such there are modules built in for accessing FTP servers, all manners of database servers, LDAP servers and much more. In addition to this, many familiar C functions such as printf() and strstr() are all available in the core namespace. PHP has a wide variety of extensions such as support for the Windows API, process management on Linux, cURL support, ZIP, gzip and bzip2 support. Some of the more unique features are PDF generation, Shockwave Flash generation (on the fly), integration with IRC and much more besides. This is the present list of all officially documented libraries: Apache BCMach Bzip2 Calendars CCVS COM ClibPDF.
Osborne 1 - the popular CP/M 2.2 operating system. Besides being the first portable computer, the Osborne 1 was also the first computer that included software; the bundled WordStar, SuperCalc, dBase II, C-BASIC and M-BASIC had a retail value of more than $2,000. Its hardware features included dual 5¼-inch floppy disk drives, a 4 MHz Zilog Z80 CPU, a fold down keyboard, and a five-inch, 52×24-character monochrome monitor. At its peak, Osborne Computer Corporation shipped 10,000 Osborne 1's per month. The computer was widely imitated as several other computer companies started bundling software, lowering prices, and offering portable computers. Osborne's most famous imitators was Kaypro, and later Compaq who offered a portable computer compatible with the IBM PC..
MS-DOS - System. It was designed as a short-term clone of the market-leading CP/M operating system, to provide compatibility with the existing installed base of business applications such as WordStar and dBase. Microsoft bought the product for re-sale to IBM and it was renamed PC-DOS (the IBM-badged version) and MS-DOS (the version badged by Microsoft themselves). The two products were all but identical to begin with but would eventually diverge. (See PC-DOS.) For Microsoft's development from its origin as a specialist programming language supplier in the 1970s to its eventual status as the dominant firm in the computer industry, DOS was the key product. It was revenue from MS-DOS sales (particularly from exclusive OEM per-unit contracts -- which were not finally ruled illegal in the USA until considerably later), that made the explosive.
List of programming languages - language BLISS Blue Bourne shell (sh) Bourne-Again shell (bash) Brainfuck BUGSYS BuildProfessional C C C++ C# Caché Basic Caché ObjectScript Caml Ceicil Cg CHILL Clarion Clipper Clos CLU CMS-2 Cold Fusion COBOL CobolScript Cocoa programming language COMAL Concurrent Clean CORAL66 Common Lisp CPL Curl D D dBASE II Delphi Dibol Dylan E E Eiffel ElastiC Elf Escapade (server-side programming) Erlang Euphoria Euclid EXEC EXEC2 F F# Flow-Matic Forth FORTRAN FP Frontier G GEMBASE GENIE Godiva Gödel H HAL/S (real-time aerospace programming language) Haskell HTML HTMLScript Hugo HyperCard I ICI Icon IDL Inform INTERCAL Information Processing Language (IPL) Io J J Java JavaScript JCL JOVIAL Joy Jython K K Kid KRYPTON Kvikkalkul L LabVIEW Lagoona Leda Lexico Limbo LINC LISP LOGO LSE Lua LYaPAS M m4 MAD Malbolge MATLAB Miranda Miva Mercury.
