Idiom dictionary - Idiom dictionary An idiom dictionary explains idiosyncratic stock phrases and metaphors in language. Typical English idiom dictionaries, e.g. that published by Longmans, define about 4000 phrases, e.g. "buy the farm", "hit the road", "canary in a coal mine". Of these, a tiny subset are very basic to the language, and qualify as conceptual metaphors without which English is quite hard to understand, e.g. "time as a substance", "time as a path", "love as war". These metaphors are often assumed in idioms, e.g. "battle of the sexes", "out of time". Idiom dictionaries, as well as dictionaries in general, always rely on a defining vocabulary of terms (Longman's uses 2000) which are used only in their simplest senses, to minimize the number of such basic conceptual metaphors and polymorphic.
Karl Pearson - thinking underpins many of the `classical' statistical methods which are in common use today. Some of his main contributions are: Linear regression and correlation. Pearson was instrumental in the development of this theory. One of his classic data sets involves the regression of sons' height upon that of their fathers'. Pearson built a 3-dimensional model of this data set (which remains in the care of the Statistical Science Department) to illustrate the ideas. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is named after him. Classification of distributions. Pearson's work on classifying probability distributions forms the basis for a lot of modern statistical theory; in particular, the exponential family of distributions underlies the theory of generalized linear models. Pearson's chi-square test. A particular kind of chi-square test, a statistical test of significance. Publications The.
Kazakh origin - The word Kazakh was included in a Turkish-Arabian dictionary of the 13th century AD. The meaning of this word was/is "independent" or "free". Kazakh people are one of the Turkic peoples..
Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition - explores the Aztec encounter with the horse in terms of Cognitive Type, the private mechanism which allows identification of an object, and the Nuclear Content, which clarifies the relevant features inter-subjectively. To this is added Molar Content, which provides a much broader range of knowledge, even if resticted to specific competences. From these he develops an understanding of social elements in the organisation of knowledge. With chapter four he discusses the different ordering of knowledge with a dictionary and an encyclopedia - that is, the differences between categorical knowledge and knowledge by properties. Using the example of the arrival of the first platypus in Europe, Eco looks at the problem faced by scientists in their attempts to classify the creature for eighty years and the contractual nature of the negotiations which.
Kangxi Emperor of China - victory. The Russians invaded the northern frontier again in 1680s. After series of battles and negotiations, the two empires signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689. The Khalkha Mongols preserved their independence while they paid tribute to the Manchu Empire. A conflict between the Houses of Jasaghtu Khan and Tösheetü Khan led another dispute between the Khalkha and the Jüün Ghar about Tibetan Buddhism. In 1688 Galdan, Jüün Ghar chief, invaded and occupied Khalkha. The Khalkha royal families and the first Jebtsundamba Khutughtu crossed the Gobi Desert, sought help from the Qing Dynasty and, as a result, came under the empire. In 1690, the Jüün Ghar and the Manchu Empire clashed in Ulaan Butun, Inner Mongolia, where the Qing army were severely damaged by Galdan. In 1696, the Kangxi Emperor himself.
Kegon - contributions of the Huayan school were in the area of its metaphysics, as it taught the doctrine of the mutual containment and interpenetration of all phenomena shishiwuai 事事無礙: that one thing contains all things in existence, and that all things contain one. External Link Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (log in with userID "guest").
Kenneth Richard Norris - authorities over forensic matters, and appeared in an Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) documentary on the subject a few years ago. After retirement in 1979 he continued as an honorary research fellow with the CSIRO well into his eighties. His last scientific publication was in 1999 at the appreciable age of 85. It exceeded 100 pages of original research and taxonomic drawings. Dick had an amazing thirst for knowledge which extended far beyond his discipline. He was regarded as a widely-read but unpretentious intellectual with an adaptive sense of humour. He was always held in high esteem by those who knew him. His fondness for wordpower and dictionaries was legendary. For example, when he "officially" retired from the CSIRO in 1979 he was given a just-released pocket edition of an Australian dictionary..
Kermes - term used to describe a mineral, Kermes mineral, which has been describes as (a) (Old Chem.) An artificial amorphous trisulphide of antimony; -- so called on account of its red color. (b) (Med. Chem.) A compound of the trioxide and trisulphide of antimony. This substance occurs in nature as the mineral kermesite. The original version of this article was based on material from the public domain 1913 Webster's dictionary..
Kenneth Roberts - loyalist perspective Roberts described his life in detail in his autobiography I Wanted to Write. See also "Kenneth Roberts," in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 9, Novelists 1910-1945 (1981). Janet Harris, A Century of American History in Fiction: Kenneth Roberts' Novels, 1976..
Khazars - 8th century, the Khazar royalty and nobility adopted Judaism, and later part of the general population followed. In the 8th or 9th century, their king, Bulan, was converted to Judaism. A later king, Obadiah, strengthened Judaism, inviting rabbis into the kingdom and building synagogues. His supreme court consisted of two Jews, two Christians, two Muslims, and a heathen. Religious toleration was maintained for the kingdom's three hundred plus years. By the year 950 Judaism had become a widespread faith. In the 10th century the empire began to decline due to the attacks of both Kievan Rus and other Turkic tribes, and their political significance greatly diminished toward the end of the 12th century. To what extent, if any, East European Jews (Ashkenazi) of today are descendants of the Khazars is the.
King Sejong the Great of Joseon - addition to being a linguist and an inventor, Sejong was also a writer. He composed Yongbi eocheon ga ("Songs of Flying Dragons", 1445), Seokbo sangjeol ("Episodes from the Life of Buddha", July 1447), Worin cheon-gang jigok ("Songs of the Moon Shining on a Thousand Rivers", July 1447), and the reference Dongguk jeong-un ("Dictionary of Proper Sino-Korean Pronunciation", September 1447). Sejong died at the age of 52 and was buried at the Yeong Mausoleum (영릉 ; 英陵). His successor was his first son, Munjong. Sejongno (a street) and the Sejong Center for the Performing Arts--both located in central Seoul--are named after King Sejong, and he is depicted on the South Korean 10,000-Won note. Further Reading King Sejong the Great: the Light of Fifteenth Century Korea, Young-Key Kim-Renaud, International Circle of Korean Linguistics,.
Kirby Muxloe - whispered after that time that every castle where she had been imprisoned was in ruins. Seeing that the Castle had by this time been abandoned for over 80 years, it's not surprising that this sort of rumour was able to flourish. 1582 Name of village becomes Kirby Muckelby: variants Mullox Muckle 1628 Disafforestation of Leicester Forest. This effectively divided land near Kirby Muxloe in to two; forest and pasture. The results are visible today. 1649 Hastings families estates in Kirby and Braunstone sold to Winstanley family 1703 First official use of Kirby Muxloe. The Oxford Dictionary of Placenames states that 'Muxloe' is a family name. There was such a family but they lived three miles away, in the village of Desford. 1848 Midland Railway builds a line through Kirby. The Gullet.
Kimaris - Rosie Crucian Secrets" (printed by the Aquarian Press, 1985), Dr. Rudd lists Cimeries as the 26th spirit made use of by King Solomon. He also attributes an angel Cimeriel to one of Dee's Enochian Ensigns of Creation, the tablet of 24 mansions (see McLean, Treatise on Angel Magic). The earliest mention of Chamariel is in Rossi's Gnostic tractate (see Meyer and Smith, Ancient Christian Magic). It is probable that the earliest mention of Kimaris is also Coptic, found in the London oriental mss 6796 where the name "Akathama Chamaris" appears (Meyer and Smith). In this text, the entity in question does not appear to be evil; rather, he is addressed as a godlike helping spirit. Coincidentally (or not!) akathama turns out to be a Sanskrit term meaning "without words" or "unconditioned.".
Klingon language - Subject word order to give an alien feel to the language. A description of the Klingon language can be found in Dr. Marc Okrand's book The Klingon Dictionary (Published by Pocket Books, Simon & Schuster, 1985, second edition with new addendum 1992, ISBN 067174559X). Other notable works include The Klingon Way (with Klingon sayings and proverbs), Klingon for the Galactic Traveler and the two audio productions Conversational Klingon and Power Klingon. Three books have also been published in the tongue: Hamlet, ghIlghameS (Gilgamesh) and paghmo' tIn mIS (Much Ado About Nothing). Some Trekkers take the time to learn it and at some Star Trek conventions you can hear enthusiasts use it amongst themselves. They often greet each other with the Klingon word "nuqneH" (literally: "What do you want?"), which is said.
Kumarajiva - possessing a flowing smoothness that reflects his prioritization on the conveyance of the meaning as opposed to precise literal rendering. Because of this, his renderings of seminal Mahayana texts have often remained more popular than later, more exact translations. Links: http://www.acmuller.net/ddb Digital Dictionary of Buddhist (login as guest).
J. L. Austin - to take care when removing words from their ordinary usage, giving numerous examples of how this can lead one down a philosophical garden path. In A Plea for excuses Austin demonstrates his philosophical method by example. He proposed some curious philosophical tools. For instance, he uses a sort of word game for developing an understanding of a key concept. This involved taking up a dictionary and finding a selection of terms relating to the key concept, then looking up each of the words in the explanation of their meaning. Iterate this process until the list of words begins to repeat, closing in a “family circle” of words relating to the key concept. How to Do things With Words is perhaps his most influential work. Austin points out that philosophers of language.
Jargon File - faux seriousness. Raphael Finkel dropped out of active participation shortly thereafter and Don Woods became the SAIL contact for the File (which was subsequently kept in duplicate at SAIL and MIT, with periodic resynchronizations). The File expanded by fits and starts until about 1983; Richard Stallman was prominent among the contributors, adding many MIT and ITS-related coinages. In Spring 1981, a hacker named Charles Spurgeon got a large chunk of the File published in Stewart Brand's "CoEvolution Quarterly" (issue 29, pages 26-35) with illustrations by Phil Wadler and Guy Steele (including a couple of the Crunchly cartoons). This appears to have been the File's first paper publication. A late version of jargon-1, expanded with commentary for the mass market, was edited by Guy Steele into a book published in 1983 as.
Jacob - a brief sojourn at Succoth, Jacob moved forward and pitched his tent near Shechem, (33:18); but at length, under divine directions, he moved to Bethel, where he made an altar unto God (35:6,7), and where God appeared to him and renewed the Abrahamic covenant. While journeying from Bethel to Ephrath (the Canaanitish name of Bethlehem), Rachel died in giving birth to her second son Benjamin (35:16-20), fifteen or sixteen years after the birth of Joseph. He then reached the old family residence at Mamre, to wait on the dying bed of his father Isaac. The complete reconciliation between Esau and Jacob was shown by their uniting in the burial of the patriarch (35:27-29). Jacob was soon after this deeply grieved by the loss of his beloved son Joseph through the jealousy.
Jack London - socialism came from the heart and from his life experience. In his later years he possibly felt some ambivalence toward socialism. He was an extraordinary financial success as a writer, and wanted desperately to make a financial success of his Glen Ellen ranch. He complained about the "inefficient Italian workers" in his employ. In 1916 he resigned from the Glen Ellen chapter of the Socialist Labor Party, but stated emphatically that he did so "because of its lack of fire and fight, and its loss of emphasis on the class struggle." Death Grave of Jack and Charmian London Jack London's death is controversial. Many older sources describe it as a suicide, and some still do (e.g., the Columbia Encyclopedia [1]). However, this appears to be at best a rumor, or speculation..
James Murray - a respected scholar by private study. He was the primary editor of the Oxford English Dictionary from 1879. He had eleven children, the eldest Harold James Ruthven Murray becoming a prominent chess historian. His biography was written by his granddaughter: Caught in the Web of Words: James Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary, K. M. Elisabeth Murray, Yale University Press, 2001, trade paperback, ISBN 0300089198 He is the professor in the book The Surgeon of Crowthorne (US title The Professor and the Madman). Dr. William Chester Minor, a volunteer who worked on the dictionary was the madman..
