Digital rights management - Digital rights management Digital rights management or digital restrictions management, commonly abbreviated DRM, is an umbrella term for any of several arrangements by which the usage of a copyrighted digital work can be restricted by the owner of the rights to the work. The actual arrangements are called technical protection measures (although the distinction between the two terms is not particularly clear). Although technical protection measures for software have been common since the 1980s, DRM is increasingly being used for creative works too. Some would like to use DRM mechanisms to protect other "proprietary information", particularly trade secrets and uncopyrightable facts in databases (see also database protection laws). In contrast to existing legal restrictions which copyrighted status imposes on the owner of a copy of any.
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) is an international agreement on the subject of "intellectual property". It covers copyright, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, industrial designs, geographical indicia and integrated circuit layouts. The enactment of TRIPs in 1994 was an unprecedented and effectively mandatory globalisation of intellectual property law. Although subsequent developments (see below) have expanded on TRIPs' requirements, the agreement itself remains without doubt the most important international agreement on copyright, patents and other IP rules. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Requirements of TRIPs 2 Background and History 3 Controversies 3.1 Access to Essential Medicines 3.2 Software and Business Method Patents 4 Post-TRIPs Expansionism 5 See also 6 References The Requirements of TRIPs TRIPs requires member states to.
Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act - Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act The Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act (CBDTPA), known in early drafts as the Security Systems and Standards Certification Act (SSSCA) is a proposed US law which would prohibit any kind of technology which can be used to read digital content without Digital Rights Management (DRM), which prohibits copying any content under copyright without permission of the copyright owner. The CBDTPA is proposed by South Carolina Senator Fritz Hollings, who is noted for his support for legislation that is in the interests of the established media distribution industry. He has been described by opponents as the 'Senator from Disney.' Senator Patrick Leahy, Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, has stated that he does "not support" the proposed legislation and as.
Serial Copy Management System - Serial Copy Management System The Serial Copy Management System or SCMS was created when the digital audio tape (DAT) was invented, in order to prevent DAT recorders from making second-generation or serial copies. SCMS sets a "copy" bit in all copies, which prevents anyone from making further copies of those first copies. It does not, however, limit the number of first-generation copies made from a master. SCMS was an early form of digital rights management (DRM)..
Japanese copyright law - copyright is divided into two: Author's Right and Neighboring Rights. Notice there is no single concept of copyright in Japan. In other words, the copyright is a collective term. While mostly the copyright law is similar to ones in the other countries, there are some subtle difference. The concept of public domain in Japan is controversial. Because there is no concept of public domain in Japan's copyright law, even though the materials are claimed public domain, there can be some restrictions such as about commercial use, which has a conflict with GFDL. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Author's Right 2 Neighboring Rights 3 Recent movement 3.1 The Compensation System for Digital Private Recording 3.2 The right of communication to the public (public transmission) 3.3 The Copyright Management Business Law 3.4 The.
John Poindexter - and centralize as much information as possible about everyone, intending to unify all private databases about U.S. citizens into one central database run by the government (including information about travel, credit card purchases, medical history, etc.). Controversy over Poindexter's integrity followed his appointment to the position due to his role in the Iran-Contra scandal. In protest against what he feels is Poindexter's plan to effect the systematic destruction of Americans' civil liberties and privacy rights, San Francisco Weekly columnist Matt Smith published John Poindexter's home address and phone number on November 27, 2002, along with the names and addresses of his next door neighbors. The meme quickly propagated through the Internet, and Poindexter's phone number was disconnected shortly thereafter. Background: B.S., Engineering, U.S. Naval Academy, 1958 M.S., Physics, California Institute of.
Video coding - in computer science that deals with finding efficient coding formats for digital video. Video data usually not only contains visual information but also audio. Therefore, it is often referred to as multimedia. Modern video coding standards even include other multimedia data such as synthetic computer graphics, text and meta information for searching/browsing and digital rights management. They also often provide mechanisms for user interaction. However, the most intensive parts of video data in terms of data size (memory demand, transmission bandwidth) remain (visual) video and audio data. These parts have to be compressed. Unfortunately, this can hardly be done without loss of quality (lossy compression). There are two special research areas that deal with multimedia compression: video compression and audio compression. Video coding has two distinct goals: storing and transmission of.
Jon Johansen - use. The verdict was announced on January 7, 2003 acquitting Johansen of all charges. This being the verdict of the district court, two further levels of appeals were available to the prosecutors. Økokrim filed an appeal on January 20, 2003 and it was reported on February 28 that the appeals court had agreed to hear the case. On March 5, the appeals court said that arguments filed by the movie industry and additional evidence merited another trial. In November 2003, Johansen released QTFairUse, an open source program which attempts to dump the output of a QuickTime stream to a file, which could bypass the digital rights management software used to encrypt content of music from media such as those distributed by the iTunes Music Store, Apple Computer's on-line music store. Although.
Intellectual property education - computers, especially those on networks, is covered by copyright law, and may be infringing. When installing a program, a copy is made to the hard drive, when launching a copy is made into memory, when visiting a web page a copy is sent over the network. All these activities are allowed in the US under section 117 Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs of the US Copyright Act and do not violate US copyright law, provided that the sale of software is considered a sale under the Uniform Commercial Code, which has substantial case law to support this argument, and not a licesnse. The crux of the current debate on copyrights is actually due to the nature of electronic information systems themselves. The problem stems because transfixing a computer program into.
ITunes - allows users of Mac OS 9, Mac OS X, Windows 2000, or Windows XP to manipulate digital music. Users are able to organize playlists, edit ID3 tags, create compact discs, upload to MP3 players, and run a visualizer to display the music in a visual form. The primary export formats are AAC and MP3. Version 4 (released on April 28, 2003), introduced features to browse and buy songs available on the iTunes Music Store, and to share unprotected music via a network. Sharing songs via a network can be done automatically. Shared lists of songs within the same subnet are automatically detected, while shared lists outside of the subset can be added by specifing an IP address. The original version of iTunes supported sharing over any network (including the internet). This.
ITunes Music Store - Burning/Copying: Yes Streaming: No Radio: Yes (built into iTunes) Format: AAC @ 128 kbps Digital Rights Management: Up to 3 computers, unlimited CDs (10 with an unchanged playlist), unlimited iPods Preview: 30 seconds Trial: N/A Catalog: 400,000 files; includes audio books; originally iTMS contained about 200,000 files Features: Allowance, gift certificates Global availability: US addressee credit-card holders only The store is the result of a deal with all five major record labels, BMG Music, EMI, Sony Music, Universal and Warner Bros, in addition to over 200 independent labelss. It offers more than 400,000 songs, including exclusive tracks from more than 20 artists such as Bob Dylan, U2, Eminem, Sheryl Crow and Sting. Each song can be downloaded for 99 US cents and comes with a 30 second preview. Most albums are.
History of Microsoft Windows - extended MS-DOS and shared the latter's inherent flaws and problems. Moreover, the programs that shipped with the early version comprised "toy" applications with little or limited appeal to business users. Furthermore, legal challenges by Apple limited its functionality. For example, Windows could only appear 'tiled' on the screen; that is, they could not overlap or overlie one another. Also, there was no trash can, since Apple believed they owned the rights to that paradigm. Microsoft later removed both of these limitations by means of signing a licensing agreement. Microsoft Windows 1.0 Microsoft Windows version 2 came out in 1987, and proved slightly more popular than its predecessor. Much of the popularity for Windows 2.0 came by way of its inclusion as a "run-time version" with Microsoft's new graphical applications, Excel and.
Hilary Rosen - and similar lobbying groups have achieved many legal victories in the United States, including: The dismantling of the Napster and Audiogalaxy Internet file-trading services. Passage of the controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The Supreme Court's decision in the Eldred v. Ashcroft case, which rules that the United States Congress has the authority to extend copyrights indefinitely. Rosen also created initiatives designed to encourage industry adoption of new digital copyright protection technologies, including copy protected CDs and a number of digital rights management-enabled media formats for personal computers. Copy protected CDs did not prove popular with consumers as they cannot be played in most car CD players or on PCs, and only a few pilot titles were ever distributed with the technology. DRM enabled media formats, which include cryptographic mechanisms to prevent.
FairPlay - FairPlay is Apple Computer's name for its digital rights management (DRM) built in to the iTunes Music Store. FairPlay is considered to be one of the most reasonable DRM implementations available at present, since it is relatively user friendly, and not as restrictive as some systems. However there will always be critics of any form of DRM; many feel that any restrictions at all are too many. FairPlay, attached to all for-pay iTMS tracks, makes the following requirements: The track may be copied to any number of iPod portable music players. The track may be played on up to three authorized computers. The track may be copied to a standard CD audio track any number of times. (The resulting CD has no DRM and may be re-converted to MP3, but this.
Ebook - Ebook An ebook is an electronic or digital version of a book. The term is used ambiguously to refer to either an individual work in a digital format, or a device used to read books in digital format. The second usage should be deprecated in favour of the more precise "ebook device". The term ebook is also often used synonomously with E-text, although the latter is really the more general case, and ebook the more limited. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Formats 2 Devices 3 Comparison with Print Books 4 Projects 5 Commercial ventures 6 References Formats The ebook community has available to it a substantial array of options when it comes to choosing a format for production. While the average end user might arguably simply want to read.
DRM - DRM The initialism DRM can stand for: digital rights management Digital Radio Mondiale This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page..
Dongle - dongle is present, the software will run properly. When it is not present, the software will detect the dongle's absence; it will then restrict the operation of the software or even stop the program from running altogether. The dongle is a form of copy protection or digital rights management which some software sellers prefer because it is much harder to copy the dongle than it is to copy the software it authenticates. However, efforts to introduce dongle-protected software packages in the mainstream software market have met with stiff resistance from users. For this reason, dongles are now used only with very expensive packages, such as CAD/CAM software, certain Digital Audio Workstation applications, and some translation memory packages. Dongle schemes became popular in the 1980s, and continued into the 1990s. Originally taking.
Anti-copyright - a simple dedication to the public domain; instead, they usually just encourage wide distribution. It is possible to denounce all claims to copyright in a work including moral rights in a written disclaimer. An example of an anti-copyright notice is the following: :Anti-Copyright! Reprint freely, in any manner desired, even without naming the source. Where such notices are attached depends highly on the type of work. They are often found in socialist anarchist magazines and books. A copyright waiver might state the following: The author of this work hereby waives all claim of copyright (economic and moral) in this work and immediately places it in the public domain; it may be used, distorted or destroyed in any manner whatsoever without further attribution or notice to the creator. Most people would regard.
Analog Hole - Analog Hole The Analog Hole refers to digital content that has copy protection. Regardless of the digital protections, if music can be played on speakers, it can also be recorded. If text can be printed or displayed, it can also be scanned and recognized. In this manner, the copy protection can be circumvented for some types of material. See also: Digital rights management, Copy protection in Japan.
Audio data compression - about audio data compression, which reduces the data rate of digital audio signals. This should not be confused with audio level compression (also known as companding), which reduces the dynamic range of audio signals. Audio compression is a form of data compression designed to reduce the size of audio data files. Audio compression algorithms are typically referred to as audio codecs. As with other specific forms of data compression, there exist many "lossless" and "lossy" algorithms to achieve the compression effect. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Lossless Compression 2 Examples 3 Lossy Compression 4 Examples 5 See also Lossless Compression In contrast to image compression, lossless audio compression algorithms are not nearly as widely used. The primary users of lossless compression are audio engineers and those consumers who disdain the quality.
