Diodorus Siculus - Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus, Greek historian, born at Agyrium in Sicily, lived in the times of Julius Caesar and Augustus. From his own statements we learn that he travelled in Egypt around 60 BC and that he spent several years in Rome. The latest event mentioned by him belongs to the year 21 BC. He asserts that he devoted thirty years to the composition of his history, and that he undertook frequent and dangerous journeys in prosecution of his historical researches. These assertions, however, find little credit with recent critics. The history, to which Diodorus gave the name Bibliotheca historica ("Historical Library"), consisted of forty books, and was divided into three parts. The first treats of the mythic history of the non-Hellenic, and afterwards of the.
Jacques Amyot - promoted him to the bishopric of Auxerre, and here he continued to live in comparative quiet, repairing his cathedral and perfecting his translations, for the rest of his days, though troubled towards the close by the insubordination and revolts of his clergy. He was a devout and conscientious churchman, and had the courage to stand by his principles. It is said that he advised the chaplain of Henry III to refuse absolution to the king after the murder of the Guise princes. He was, nevertheless, suspected of approving the crime. His house was plundered, and he was compelled to leave Auxerre for some time. He died bequeathing, it is said, 1200 crowns to the hospital at Orleans for the twelve "deniers" he received there when "poor and naked" on his way.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon - BC (present Iraq) although there is doubt as to whether or not they had a physical existence. The Hanging Gardens are extensively documented by Greek historians such as Strabo and Diodorus Siculus, yet little evidence for their existence other than some (circumstantial) evidence gathered at the excavation of the palace at Babylon has been accrued to substantiate what look like fanciful descriptions. See also Seven Wonders of the World History of Iraq Babylon Semiramis of Babylon Gardening History of gardening Other Hanging Gardens The Hanging Garden (Film).
Henry Estienne - eldest son of the great Robert, and without doubt the most distinguished member of the family, was born in Paris, 1528, and died at Lyons March, 1598. He displayed in his youth a genuine enthusiasm for Greek and Latin; and his father took special pains with his education, and, as a part of his general training, he undertook in his nineteenth year a protracted journey to Italy, England, and Flanders, where he busied himself in collecting and collating manuscripts for his father's press. In 1554 he published at Paris his first independent work, the Anacreon. Then he went again to Italy, helping Aldus at Venice, discovered a copy of Diodorus Siculus at Rome, and returned to Geneva in 1555. In 1557 he seems to have had a printing-establishment of his own,.
Hecataeus - Persian rule, Hecataeus in vain tried to dissuade his countrymen from the undertaking (Herodotus V. 36, 125). In 494 BC, when the defeated Ionians were obliged to sue for terms, he was one of the ambassadors to the Persian satrap Artaphernes, whom he persuaded to restore the constitution of the Ionic cities (Diodorus Siculus. X. 25). Some have credited him with a work entitled Ges Periodos ("Travels round the Earth"), in two books, one on Europe, the other on Asia, in which were described the countries and inhabitants of the known world, the account of Egypt being particularly comprehensive; the descriptive matter was accompanied by a map, based upon Anaximander’s map of the earth, which he corrected and enlarged. The authenticity of the work is in doubt. The only certainly genuine.
General nature of the evidence of Aegean civilization - nothing of more perishable nature, such as skin, papyrus, etc.; engraved gems and gem impressions; legends written with pigment on pottery (rare); characters incised on stone or pottery. These show two main systems of script (see Crete). Excavated tombs, of either the pit or the grotto kind, in which the dead were laid, together with various objects of use and luxury, without cremation, and in either coffins or loculi or simple wrappings. Public works, such as paved and stepped roadways, bridges, systems of drainage, etc. B. There is also a certain amount of external evidence to be gathered from Monuments and records of other contemporary civilizations, e.g. representations of alien peoples in Egyptian frescoes; imitation of Aegean fabrics and style in non-Aegean lands; allusions to Mediterranean peoples in Egyptian, Semitic or.
Fabius Maximus Rullianus - had given Papirius; finally Fabius threw himself at the feet of the dictator and asked forgiveness, which was granted. Fabius became consul for the first time in 322, although little is said of his time in office. He appears next as a dictator himself in 315 BC, successfully besieging Saticula and then, less successfully, fighting at Lautalae. (Diodorus mentions another dictatorship in 313, but this is probably mistaken.) As consul in 310, Fabius fought the Etruscans at Sutrium, then followed them when they fled into the Ciminian Forest and defeated them again. Consul again in 308, he defeated Perusia and Nuceria Alfaterna. He then served as censor beginning in 304. Fabius was consul for the fourth time in 297, defeating the Samnites at Tifernum by sending part of his line around.
Egyptian chronology - for the presently accepted chronology of the Ancient Near East. We run a very real danger of debating about millimeters and centimeters when we should rather be rechecking our measurement of the meters, ... and perhaps even the centuries are in doubt, he adds. Barry J. Kemp, Amarna reports I (London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1984: 184-185) wrote that There is a difference of some 260 years between the radiocarbon dates and the historic dates in the Amarna period. Another example can be added to this carbon-14 debate: Professor Norman Hammond has been director of the archaeological programme of the Rutgers University, and archeaeological correspondent of the Times from 1967. He wrote in his Ancient Maya civilization (1982: 114), ...dating to perhaps 2100-2200 BC (1700-1800 BC in radiocarbon years). In the same.
Ephorus - Demophilus, who added a 30th book, containing a summary description of the Social War and ending with the taking of Perinthus (340) by Philip of Macedon. (cf. Diod. Sic. xvi. 14 with xvi. 76). Each book was complete in itself, and had a separate title and preface. It is clear that Ephorus made critical use of the best authorities, and his work, highly praised and much read, was freely drawn upon by Diodorus Siculus and other compilers. Strabo (viii. p. 332) attaches much importance to his geographical investigations, and praises him for being the first to separate the historical from the merely geographical element. In his Geography X.4.21 (483), Strabo quotes Ephorus at length on the pederastic practices of the Cretans, the only reliable ethnographic account of the Cretan coming-of-age practices,.
Dionysus - Greeks than the Olympian pantheon, for he remarks "as it is, the Greek story has it that no sooner was Dionysus born than Zeus sewed him up in his thigh and carried him away to Nysa in Ethiopia beyond Egypt; and as for Pan, the Greeks do not know what became of him after his birth. It is therefore plain to me that the Greeks learned the names of these two gods later than the names of all the others, and trace the birth of both to the time when they gained the knowledge. The cult of Dionysus arrived in Greece from Anatolia, but Greek concepts of where Nysa was, whether set in Anatolia, or in Libya ('away in the west beside a great ocean'), Ethiopia (Herodotus), or Arabia (Diodorus Siculus),.
Aegis - to have used the skin of the goat Amalthea (aigis=goat-skin) which suckled him in Crete, as a buckler when he went forth to do battle against the giants. Another legend represents the aegis as a fire-breathing monster like the Chimera, which was slain by Athene, who afterwards wore its skin as a cuirass (Diodorus Siculus iii. 70). Still others say it was the skin of Pallas. Another version describes it to have been really the goat's skin used as a belt to support the shield. When so used it would generally be fastened on the right shoulder, and would partially envelop the chest as it passed obliquely round in front and behind to be attached to the shield under the left arm. Hence, by transference, it would be employed to denote.
Agathocles - same restless energy, and is said to have been meditating a fresh attack on Carthage at the time of his death. His last years were harassed by ill-health and the turbulence of his grandson Archagathus, at whose instigation he is said to have been poisoned; according to others, he died a natural death. He was a born leader of mercenaries, and, although he did not shrink from cruelty to gain his ends, he afterwards showed himself a mild and popular "tyrant." See Justin xxii., xxiii.; Diodorus Siculus xix., xxi., xxii. (follows generally Timaeus who had a special grudge against Agathocles); Polybius ix. 23; Schubert, Geschichte des Agathokles (1887); Grote, History of Greece, ch. 97; from a 1911 encyclopedia.
Amber - at Hove is now in the Brighton Museum. Beads of amber occur with Anglo-Saxon relics in the south of England; and up to a comparatively recent period the material was valued as an amulet. It is still believed to possess a certain medicinal virtue. Rolled pieces of amber, usually small but occasionally of very large size, may be picked up on the east coast of England, having probably been washed up from deposits under the North Sea. Cromer is the best-known locality, but it occurs also on other parts of the Norfolk coast, as well as at Great Yarmouth, Southwold, Aldeburgh and Felixstowe in Suffolk, and as far south as Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex, whilst northwards it is not unknown in Yorkshire. On the other side of the North Sea, amber is.
Antipater - Battle of Crannon and broke up the rebellion. As part of this he imposed oligarchy upon Athens and demanded the surrender of Demosthenes, who committed suicide instead. In 321, along with other generals, he opposed Perdiccas, and after Perdiccas' death, a conference of generals at Triparadisus in Syria chose him as regent. He died in 319 however, and with his death the breakup of the empire, sometimes known as Alexander's Funeral Games, began in earnest. Reference Diodorus Siculus, books 17-18.
Atlantis - and warlike men used to come from the continent beyond the islands, in order to offer sacrifice to the gods of the ocean. An important Greek festival of Pallas Athene, the Panathenaea was dated from the days of king Theseus. It consisted of a solemn procession to the Acropolis in which a peplos was carried to the goddess, for she had once saved the city, gaining victory over the nation of Poseidon, that is, the Atlanteans. As Lewis Spence comments, this cult was in existence already 125 years before Plato, which means that the story could not be invented by him. The historian Ammianus Marcellinus wrote that "the intelligentsia of Alexandria considered the destruction of Atlantis an historical fact, described a class of earthquakes that suddenly, by a violent motion, opened.
Atargatis - by the Carnion temple, which is probably identical with the famous temple of Astarte at Ash-Aroth-Karnaim. Atargatis appears generally as, the wife of Hadad (Baal). They are the protecting deities of the community. Atargatis, wears a mural crown, is the ancestor the royal house, the founder of social and religious life, the goddess of generation and fertility (hence the prevalence of phallic emblems), and the inventor of useful appliances. Not unnaturally she is identified with the Greek Aphrodite. By the conjunction of these many functions, she becomes ultimately a great Nature-Goddess, analogous to Cybele and Rhea; in one aspect she typifies the protection of water in producing life; in another, the universal of other-earth (Macrobius, Saturn, i. 23); in a third (influenced, no doubt, by Chaldaean astrology), the power of destiny..
Carthage - they became a law unto themselves, terrorizing the surrounding countryside. The Mamertines became a growing threat to Carthaginian and Syracusan alike. In 265 BC, Hiero II, the new Tyrant of Syracuse, negotiated with Carthage to take action against the Mamertines. Faced with a vastly superior force, the Mamertines divided into two factions, one advising surrender to Carthage, the other preferring to seek aid from Rome. As a result, embassies were sent to both cities. While the Roman Senate debated the best course of action, the Carthaginian and Syracusan armies arrived at Messana. Faced with a fait accompli, the Mamertines surrendered to Carthage: A Carthaginian garrison was admitted to the city, and a Carthaginian fleet sailed into the Messanan harbor. This action placed Carthage's military forces directly across a narrow channel of.
Cassander - Thessalonica, Alexander the Great's half-sister, and, having formed an alliance with Seleucus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus, against Antigonus, he became, on the defeat and death of Antigonus around 301 BC, undisputed sovereign of Macedonia. He died of dropsy in 297 BC. Cassander was a man of literary taste, but violent and ambitious. He restored Thebes after its destruction by Alexander the Great, transformed Therma into Thessalonica, and built the new city of Cassandreia upon the ruins of Potidaea. Bibliography Diodorus Siculus, chapters xviii, xix, xx Plutarch, Demetrius, 18, 31; Phocion, 31..
Cleitarchus - ability than trustworthiness, and Cicero (Brutus, II) accuses him of giving a fictitious account of the death of Themistocles. But there is no doubt that his history was very popular, and much used by Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curtius, Justin and Plutarch, and the authors of the Alexander romances. His unnatural and exaggerated style became proverbial. The fragments, some thirty in number, chiefly preserved in Aelian and Strabo, will be found in C. Muller's Scriptores Rerum Alexandrii Magni (in the Didot Arrian, 1846); monographs by C. Raun, De Clitarcho Diodori, Curtii, Justini auctore (1868). This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica..
Ctesias - 23 books, called Persica, written in opposition to Herodotus in the Ionic dialect, and professedly founded on the Persian royal archives. The first six books treated of the history of Assyria and Babylon to the foundation of the Persian empire; the remaining seventeen went down to the year 398 BC. Of the two histories we possess abridgments by Photius, and fragments are preserved in Athenaeus, Plutarch and especially Diodorus Siculus, whose second book is mainly from Ctesias. As to the worth of the Persica there has been much controversy, both in ancient and modern times. Being based upon Persian authorities, it was naturally looked upon with suspicion by the Greeks and censured as untrustworthy. This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica..
