Dir (DOS Command) - Dir (DOS Command) dir is the file and directory listing command line interface (CLI) command used in the DOS operating system. Sample Listing This sample happens to be taken from a Microsoft Windows 2000 implementation of the MS-DOS CLI. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\\>dir Volume in drive C is MAIN W2K Volume Serial Number is 2326-30E6 Directory of C:\\ 11/17/2001 09:40p 257,787 INF000.SWP 04/16/2002 10:12p 446 VIRUSLOG.TXT 05/19/2002 04:34p filelib 11/22/2001 05:17p 228 BOOT.BAD 11/22/2001 05:10p 1,663 MSDOS.BAD 12/09/2001 09:07a 8,681 SCANDISK.LOG 11/22/2001 05:40p 1,775 MSDOS.SYS 11/22/2001 03:35p 0 Config.ctl 01/03/2002 12:05a eBooks 11/22/2001 04:59p 185 BOOT.w98 04/25/2002 10:42p 18,968 debug8.txt 11/28/2002 10:00p 113 test.txt 11/22/2001 05:12p 253 BOOT.w2k 03/08/2002 02:08p Virtual CDs 11/22/2001 02:17p Games 11/17/2001 10:04p Documents and.
Cd (DOS / Unix Command) - Cd (DOS / Unix Command) The cd command (change directory) in the Unix and DOS operating systems, is used to change the current working directory. It is available for use at the command line as well as in a Unix shell script or DOS batch command file. A Directory is a logical section of a partition used to hold files. A directory is allowed to contain a directory. the CD command can be used to move up into a directory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root (/ in unix, C:\\ in dos) or move to any given directory name. For example, in unix: me@Wiki:~$ ls workreports games encyclopedia text.txt me@Wiki:~$ cd games me@Wiki:games$ The user is now in the.
Solidus - 3/8 – three eighths x = a / b – x equals a divided by b Computing Usually called a slash or sometimes, unnecessarily, a forward slash, / is used to separate directory or names in Unix file paths and in URLs. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidus_%28punctuation%29 This is in contrast to the backslash \\ which is path delimiter on Microsoft Windows systems. Windows uses the backslash rather than the slash because in the early days of MS-DOS -- before directories were supported! -- the slash was chosen as the command-line option indicator: dir /w /ogn c:\\windows\\ Other Before decimalisation in the UK, / was used to separate pounds, shillings, and pence values. 2/6 – two shillings and six pence 10/- – ten shillings £1/19/11 – one pound, nineteen shillings, and eleven pence In computer.
REXX - 3.5 Spelling 3.6 External Links History Originally a scripting language developed at IBM. REXX was the successor to the script languages EXEC and EXEC 2. It was also designed to be a macro or scripting language for any system. As such, it is a precursor to TCL and Python. Over the years IBM developed versions for many of its operating systems: VM/CMS, OS/2, PC-DOS, MVS/TSO, AS/400, and AIX. Non-IBM versions have also been developed for Atari, Unix, DEC, Windows, and MS-DOS. Later versions of the Amiga OS included a version of REXX called AREXX. Several freeware versions are available. REXX/IMC and Regina are the most widely-used open-source ports to Windows and Linux. In 1996 ANSI published a standard for REXX: ANSI X3.274-1996 "Information Technology - Programming Language REXX" In recent years,.
Ls - Ls ls (abbreviated from "List") is a command in Unix-like operating systems. It is similar to "dir" in DOS. When executed, the ls command lists the contents of the current directory (or the given arguments) in the Unix-like command line interface (CLI). Seeming like one of the most used Unix commands, it's appropriately loaded with available options. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Sample ls Search 3 Some ls command line options 4 Breakdown of output 5 Type column description 6 Permissions description 6.1 Meaning of Characters by Character 6.2 Example History An ls utility first appeared in Version 5 AT&T UNIX. Today, two popular versions of ls include the Free Software Foundation's (part of the GNU coreutils package) and the one released by various BSD distributions, such as.
List of DOS commands - List of DOS commands A list of DOS commands for Microsoft's DOS operating system. follows. You can also get help by typing HELP in the shell prompt. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 dir 2 copy 3 ren 4 cd or chdir 5 md or mkdir 6 rd or rmdir 7 type 8 del 9 attrib 10 deltree 11 ver 12 tree 13 move 14 xcopy 15 format 16 diskcopy 17 undelete 18 unformat dir Displays contents of a directory. Syntax - dir Options /w : Wide list format /p : Pause at every page /s : Also look in subdirectories /a[xx] : Display files with the specified attributes only /o[xx] : Modifies sort order copy Copies a file from one location to another. Syntax - copy "source".
AS/400 Command Language - AS/400 Command Language The AS/400 command language (CL) is reminiscient of JCL and consists of an ever expanding set of command objects (*CMD) used to invoke traditional AS/400 programs and/or get help on what those programs do. CL can also be used to create CL programs (congruent to shell scripts) where there are additional commands that provide program-like functionality (GOTO, IF/ELSE, variable declaration, file input, etc.) The vast majority of AS/400 commands were written by IBM developers to perform system level tasks like compiling programs, backing up data, changing system configurations, displaying system object details, or deleting them. Commands are not limited to systems level concerns and can be drafted for user applications as well. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Commands and programs 2 Syntax 3 Prompting.
Command line interface - Command line interface A command line interface or CLI is a method of interacting with a computer by giving it lines of textual commands (ie, a sequence of characters) either from keyboard input or from a script. The computer system (ie, the program then accepting such input) then carries out the command given. The result may be textual output, or the initialization and running of some program, or a modification to the graphical output on a monitor or printer, or some change in a file system (eg, delete a file, modify a file, or create a file). The term is usually used in contrast to a graphical user interface (GUI) in which commands are typically issued by moving a pointer (eg, a mouse cursor) and/or pressing.
Rmdir - Rmdir rmdir is a command which will remove a directory on a Unix-system. It cannot be capitalized. Normal usage is straightforward where one types: rmdir name_of_directory Where name_of_directory corresponds with the name of the directory one wishes to delete. There are options to this command that may be further documented here. The command deltree is the closest MS-DOS equivalent..
Mkdir - Mkdir The mkdir command in the Unix operating system is used to make a new directory. The command is similar to the DOS md command..
Working directory - files referenced by name only, or by a relative path (as contrasted with using both a file's name and a designation of the location using a fully resolved file path). In DOS and Unix, a user may use the cd command to change your current working directory. The POSIX C function chdir() can be used to set the current working directory..
MS-DOS - MS-DOS Microsoft's original disk operating system, MS-DOS, was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC. It employs a command line interface and a batch scripting facility via its command interpreter, command.com. The progenitor of MS-DOS was created by a company called Seattle Computer Systems. The original name was QDOS, for Quick and Dirty Operating System. It was designed as a short-term clone of the market-leading CP/M operating system, to provide compatibility with the existing installed base of business applications such as WordStar and dBase. Microsoft bought the product for re-sale to IBM and it was renamed PC-DOS (the IBM-badged version) and MS-DOS (the version badged by Microsoft themselves). The two products were all but identical to begin with but would eventually diverge. (See PC-DOS.) For.
4DOS - 4DOS 4DOS is a command line interpreter designed to replace MS-DOS's default command.com. It is made by JP Software. There is also a version (4NT) designed to replace Windows NT's command prompt..
Command.com - Command.com command.com is the name for the default operating system shell (or command line interpreter) for the MS-DOS/Windows operating system. It also has an additional role, as the first program run after boot, hence being responsible for setting up the system as specified in the autoexec.bat and config.sys configuration files, and being the ancestor of all processes. As a shell, command.com has two distinct modes of work. First is the interactive mode, in which the user types commands which are then executed immediately. The second is the batch mode, which executes a predefined sequence of commands stored as a text file with the extension .bat. The original concepts for both functionalities is almost certainly derived from the Unix shells, although most programmers would find command.com less.
Command line interpreter - Command line interpreter A command line interpreter is a program which reads a line of text the user has typed and interprets this text in the context of a given system. Command line interpreters have the advantage that the user may issue a lot of commands in a very terse and efficient way. The downside is that one has to know the commands and their parameters. The graphical user interfaces were an answer to this problem. However for certain complex tasks GUIs are more difficult to use than a command line interface, because of the large number of menus and dialog boxes presented, and therefore a well designed command line interface is easier to use. Examples of command line interpreters (not actually well designed, but grown.
Graphical user interface - sound effects to support the manipulation of the graphic elements of this kind of user interface. Also, academic and research institutions often work on prototypes of future user interfaces which place an equal emphasis or even more emphasis on the tactile elements of the interface. The "direct manipulation interface" term is usually not presented as an acronym. There also exist GUIs which are designed for vertical market segments. These are known as application-specific GUIs. One example of such a GUI is the now familiar touchscreen point of sale software found in restaurants worldwide. First pioneered by Gene Mosher on the Atari ST computer in 1986, this touchscreen GUI has spearheaded a worldwide revolution in the use of computer technologies throughout the food & beverage industry and in the retail segment in.
GRASS programming language - to create a standardized graphics driver chip. They intended to use it in most of their future arcade games, as well as a video game console they were working on which would later turn into the Astrocade. Midway was quite interested in seeing the GRASS language running on their system, and contracted DeFanti to port it to the platform. A number of people at the Habitat, as well as some from Nutting, worked on the project, which they referred to as the Z Box. GRASS3 running on it became Zgrass. The work would never be released by Midway, but the Circle would produce machines based on it as the Datamax UV-1. The Z-Box was a raster graphics machine, unlike the original GRASS systems, so while most of the GRASS3 style was.
Embedded system - This feature was pioneered on the PDP-11. Developers should insist on debugging which shows the high-level language, with breakpoints and single-stepping, because these features are widely available. Also, developers should write and use simple logging facilities to debug sequences of real-time events. PC or mainframe programmers first encountering this sort of programming often become confused about design priorities and acceptable methods. Mentoring, code-reviews and egoless programming are recommended. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Design of embedded systems 3 Start-up 4 Types of embedded software architectures 4.1 The control loop 4.2 Nonpreemptive multitasking 4.3 Preemptive timers 4.4 Preemptive tasks 4.5 Office-style operating Systems 4.6 Exotic custom operating systems 5 User interfaces 6 Examples of embedded systems History The first recognizably modern embedded system was the Apollo Guidance Computer, developed by.
1970 - running of the New York City Marathon October - the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnap James Cross and murder Pierre Laporte, provoking Quebec's October Crisis October 8 - Vietnam War: In Paris, a Communist delegation rejects US President Richard Nixon's October 7 peace proposal as "a maneuver to deceive world opinion." October 9 - The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia. October 10 - Fiji becomes independent. October 10 - October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec, a national crisis hits Canada when Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group. October 12 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas. October 15 - 35 construction workers are.
TECO - TECO's then-sophisticated searching operations were motivated by the fact that the offline Flexowriter printouts were not line-numbered; therefore editing locations needed to be specified by context rather than by line number. The various looping and conditional constructs (which made TECO Turing-complete) were included in order to provide sufficient descriptive power for the correction tape. The terse syntax minimized the amount of keystrokes needed to prepare the correction tape. It was all nonsense, of course, because the correction tape was, in fact a program, and required debugging just like any other program. The pitfalls of even the simplest global search-and-replace soon became evident. In practice, TECO editing was performed online just as it had been with Expensive Typewriter. TECO was available for several operating systems, including ITS on the PDP-6 and PDP-10,.
