Dirac Prize - Dirac Prize The Dirac Prize is given each year by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) in honour of physicist P.A.M. Dirac. The award, given each year on August 8 (Dirac's birthday), was first presented in 1985. An international committee of distinguished scientists selects the winners from a list of nominated candidates. The Committee invites nominations from scientists working in the fields of theoretical physics or mathematics. The Dirac Medal is not awarded to Nobel Laureates, Fields Medallists, or Wolf Foundation Prize winners. The Medallists also receive a prize of US$ 5,000..
Paul Dirac - Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, (August 8 1902 - October 20 1984) was a physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 2 Views 3 See also 4 External Links Biography Dirac was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. In 1926 he developed a version of quantum mechanics, which included “Matrix Mechanics” and “Wave Mechanics” as special cases. In 1928, building on Pauli's work on nonrelativistic spin systems, he derived the Dirac equation, a relativistic equation describing the electron. This allowed Dirac to formulate the Dirac sea and predict the existence of the positron, the electron's anti-particle; the positron was subsequently observed by Anderson in 1932. Dirac explained the origin of quantum spin as a relativistic phenomenon. Dirac's Principles.
Nobel Prize in Physics - Nobel Prize in Physics List of Nobel Prize laureates in physics 1901-2002. 1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s - 2000s 1900s 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" 1903 Antoine Henri Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" Pierre and Marie Curie "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor.
Erwin Schrödinger - contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1933. He proposed the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, and he had a life-long interest in Vedanta. 1887 Born in Vienna (Erdberg),to Rudolf Schrödinger, cerecloth producer, botanist and Georgine Emilia Brenda, d. o Alexander Bauer, Professor of Chemistry,k.u.k. Technische Hochschule Vienna 1898 Akademisches Gymnasium 1906-10 Studied in Vienna with (Franz Serafin Exner (1849 - 1926), Fritz Hasenöhrl (1874 - 1915), experimental work with Kohlrausch) 1911 Assistant to Exner 1914 Habilitation (venia legendi) 1914-18 war participation (Görz, Duino, Sistiana, Prosecco, Vienna) 1920, April 6, marries Annemarie Bertel 1920 Assistant to Max Wien, Jena 1920 Sept. a.o.Prof. ("Ausserordentlicher Professor", roughly equivalent to Reader (UK) or associate professor (US)), Stuttgart 1921 o.Prof. ("Ordentlicher Professor", i.e. full professor), Breslau (presently.
Eugene Wigner - collection of people from Berlin to London to Zürich to Pisa, though not quite yet to New York or Chicago. The first physicists in this new generation --Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and Paul Dirac, to name three - -created quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics was a dazzling new world, which threw open dozens of fundamental physical questions. A new set of men (and a few women) came along behind them, to answer the first questions and pose others, often more complex. Wigner was in this second set of physicists. He posed and answered some of the most profound questions of 20th-century physics. He laid the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics. In the late 1930s, he extended his research into atomic nuclei. Between 1939 and 1945, this generation of.
David Deutsch - of the Taking Children Seriously movement. He is a proponent of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. He was awarded the Dirac Prize in 1998. Popular publications The Fabric of Reality, ISBN 0140146903.
1902 - literature 1902 in music 1902 in sports January 1 - The first Rose Bowl game is played in Pasadena, California March 4 - In Chicago, Illinois, the American Automobile Association is established. December 28 - The first indoor professional American football game is played in New York City at Madison Square Garden. Births January 6 - Max Güde, attorney (+ 1984) January 9 - Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and founder of Opus Dei. January 20 - Nazim Hikmet, lyricist and dramatist (†1963) January 31 - Alva Mydral, politician (+ 1986) January 31 - Tallulah Bankhead, actress (+ 1968) February 1 - Langston Hughes writer (+ 1967) February 4 - Charles Lindbergh American aviator (+ 1974) February 8 - Lyle Talbot, actor (+ 1996) February 10 - Walter Houser Brattain, scientist,.
1902 in science - list of years in science. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Aeronautics 2 Archaeology 3 Chemistry 4 Photography 5 Physics 6 Nobel Prize 7 Births 8 Deaths Aeronautics Lyman Gilmore reportedly becomes the first person to fly a powered airplane (a steam-powered glider). Archaeology Spyridon Stais finds the Antikythera mechanism Chemistry August Verneuil develops a process for making synthetic rubies. Photography Arthur Korn devises practical phototelegraphy technology (reduction of photographic images to data bits which can transmitted by wire to other locations) Physics James Jeans finds the length scale required for gravitational perturbations to grow in a static nearly homogeneous medium Philipp Lenard observes that maximum photoelectron energies are independent of illuminating intensity but depend on frequency Theodor Svedberg suggests that fluctuations in molecular bombardment cause the Brownian motion Nobel Prize Nobel.
Behram Kursunoglu - the discovery of two different types of neutrinos in late 50s. During his University of Miami career, he hosted several Nobel Prize laureates, including Paul Dirac, Lars Onsager and Robert Hofstadter. He wrote several books on diverse aspects of physics, the most notable of which is Modern Quantum Theory (1962)..
Bose-Einstein condensate - formalized and generalized these ideas, and the result of their efforts is the so called Bose Einstein statistics. This is the description of the statistics of identical particles that don't mind sharing a quantum energy level with each other (as opposed to Fermi Dirac statistics, which describe identical particles of which you can only put one in each energy level). One of the results that one can derive from this statistics is the existence of stimulated emission of photons, which is the effect that is used in creating lasers. Einstein also applied the statistics to atoms instead of photons, and discovered that at a certain very low temperature, all of the atoms tend to drop into the lowest accessible energy level. Velocity-distribution data that confirm the discovery of a new phase.
St John's College, Cambridge - which is to the south of the Bridge of Sighs was partly based on plans made by Sir Christopher Wren. The 19th-century Gothic New Court, probably one of the most famous buildings in Cambridge, was the first College buildnig on the West Side of the River. It was built mainly as a result of the need to accommodate the increased numbers of students. The School of Pythagoras, built in c1200AD is built on land which was owned by Merton College, Oxford until 1959. It predates any of the other buildings in the College, although it was originally a private house, rather than part of the college. Famous alumni William Cecil, Lord Burghley, chief advisor to Queen Elizabeth I of England for most of her reign Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron Fairfax of.
Robert S. Mulliken - making poison gas under James B. Conant. After nine months, he was drafted into the Army's Chemical Warfare Service, but continued on the same task. His laboratory techniques left much to be desired, and he was out of service for months with burns. Later he got a bad case of influenza, and was still in the hospital at war's end. After the war, he took a job investigating the effects of zinc oxide and carbon black on rubber, but quickly decided that this was not the kind of chemistry he wanted to pursue. So in 1919 he entered the Ph. D program at the University of Chicago. Graduate and early postdoctoral education He got his doctorate in 1921 based on research into the separation of isotopes of mercury by evaporation, and.
White dwarf - according to theory. However, the universe has not existed long enough for any white dwarfs to have cooled down this far yet, and so no black dwarfs are thought to exist. Many nearby, young white dwarfs have been detected as sources of soft X-rays (i.e. lower-energy X-rays); soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet observations enable astronomers to study the composition and structure of the thin atmospheres of these stars. White dwarfs cannot be over 1.4 solar masses, the Chandrasekhar limit, but there is a working method to get them over this limit. Like a nova, a white dwarf can accrete material from a companion. Unlike a nova, the material accretes slowly and remains stable. The mass of the white dwarf increases until it hits the 1.4 solar mass limit, at which degeneracy.
Peter Higgs - boson as a theory of quantumn gravity which is as yet unconfirmed. He has been awarded a number of prizes in recognition of his work, most recently the Paul Dirac Medal and Prize for outstanding contributions to theoretical physics from the Institute of Physics and the 1997 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize by the European Physical Society..
Physics - symmetry breaking -- Superconductivity -- Superfluidity -- Quantum phase transitions Fundamental forces Gravitational -- Electromagnetic -- Weak -- Strong Particles Main article: Particless Atom -- Proton -- Neutron -- Electron -- Quark -- Photon -- Gluon -- W boson -- Z boson -- Graviton -- Neutrino -- Particle radiation--Phonon--Roton Subfields of physics Accelerator physics -- Acoustics -- Astrophysics -- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics -- Computational physics -- Condensed matter physics -- Cosmology -- Cryogenics -- Fluid dynamics -- Polymer physics -- Optics -- Materials physics -- Nuclear physics -- Plasma physics -- Particle physics (or High Energy Physics) -- Vehicle dynamics Methods Scientific method -- Physical quantity -- Measurement -- Measuring instruments -- Dimensional analysis -- Statistics Tables List of physical laws -- Physical constants -- SI base units --.
Orders of magnitude (numbers) - other similar lists. 10-24 10-21 10-18 10-15 10-12 10-9 Lottery: The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US Powerball Multistate Lottery, with a single ticket, under the current rules, are 120,526,770 to 1 against, for a probability of 8 × 10-9. Lottery: The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the current rules, are 13,983,816 to 1 against, for a probability of 7 × 10-8. 10-6 Poker: The odds of being dealt a royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5 × 10-6 Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight flush (other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a.
Natural units - system of units of measurement based on the fundamental constants: the gravitational constant G Dirac's constant ℏ = h / (2Ï€) = the speed of light in vacuum c the Boltzmann constant k ε0 Permittivity of vacuum The Planck units are often semi-humorously referred to by physicists as "God's units". They eliminate all arbitrariness from the system of units: some physicists believe that an extra-terrestrial intelligence might be expected to use the same system. These units have the advantage of simplifying many equations in physics by removing conversion factors; for example, Einstein's famous equation becomes simply . For this reason, the units are popular in quantum gravity research. However, they are too small for practical use, unless prefixed with large powers of ten. They also suffer from uncertainties in the measurement.
Wolfgang Pauli - an unhappy one, ending in divorce in 1930 after less than a year. In 1928, he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. He held visiting professorships at the University of Michigan in 1931, and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1935. In 1934, he married Franciska Bertram. This marriage would last for the rest of his life. They had no children. The German annexation of Austria in 1938 made him a German citizen, which became a difficulty with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. Pauli moved to the United States in 1940, where he was Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton. After the end of the war in 1945, he returned to Zurich, where he mostly remained.
List of mathematical topics - Recent changes in mathematics articles, M-O Recent changes in mathematics articles, P-R Recent changes in mathematics articles, S-U Recent changes in mathematics articles, V-Z A WikiProject is being developed at Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics regarding issues of form, structure and notation for mathematics articles. Check it out! A-C - D-F - G-I - J-L - M-O - P-R - S-U - V-Z 0-9 1/f noise -- 2 to the power of C -- 3-satisfiability -- 3-sphere -- 3D projection -- 10-sided dice A Abacus -- abc Conjecture -- Abel, Niels Henrik -- Abel Prize -- Abelian -- Abelian and tauberian theorems -- Abelian category -- Abelian extension -- Abelian group -- Abelian variety -- Abel-Ruffini theorem -- Abel's theorem -- Abraham, Ralph -- Absolute continuity -- Absolute value -- Absorption law -- Abstract.
List of astronomical topics - -- Boomerang nebula -- Boötes -- Boss, Lewis -- Boulder Sunspot Number -- Bradley, James -- Brahe, Tycho -- Brane -- von Braun, Wernher -- Brera Observatory -- Bright nebula -- Brocchi's Cluster -- Broglie, Louis-Victor de -- Brown dwarf -- Bruce Medal -- Brudzewski, Albert -- Brussels Observatory -- Burbidge, Geoffrey -- Burbidge, Margaret -- Bureau des Longitudes -- Butterfly Cluster -- C C-type asteroid -- Caelum -- Calendar -- Calendar Round -- Caliban (moon) -- Callisto (moon) -- Calypso (moon) -- Camelopardalis -- Canada-France-Hawaii telescopes -- Canadian Arrow -- Canadian Space Agency -- Cancer (constellation) -- Canes Venatici -- Canis Major -- Canis Minor -- Cannon, Annie -- Canopus -- Capella -- Capricornus -- Carbon -- Carbon star -- Carbonaceous chondrite -- Cardinal directions -- Carina -- Carme --.
