Dolby noise reduction system - Dolby noise reduction system Dolby NR is based on reducing the dynamic range of the sound during recording and expanding it during playback developed by Dolby Laboratories. In this it is similar to other analogue noise reduction systems, however it is the most widely used. The process is known as companding. Several types of Dolby NR were developed, including A, B, C and S. Most widely used is the B type, which allows for acceptable playback on devices without noise reduction; most pre-recorded cassettess available on the market use Dolby B. There is also a system called HX Pro, which operates on a different principle. How Dolby B works Dolby B (and C which is similar) are a form of dynamic preemphasis. The background hiss of.
DBX (noise reduction) - DBX (noise reduction) DBX is a noise reduction system for tape recording. It works by a process called "linear decibel companding" - compressing the signal on recording and expanding it on playback. It was invented by David E. Blackmer of dbx, Inc in 1971. DBX works by increasing the perceptible dynamic range (difference between quietest and loudest elements) of a recording. The dynamic range of a live performance may be 90 to 100dB, whereas the best obtainable result from a vinyl record without compression is around 60dB. DBX compresses the recording by a 2:1 ratio. DBX did not achieve popularity in the consumer marketplace, as compressed recordings did not sound acceptable played back on non-DBX equipment; Dolby B won out instead, as its use of preemphasis gave.
January 18 - are discovered that contain paintings and engravings that are 17,000 to 20,000 years old. 1997 - In north west Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill 3 Spanish aid workers, 3 soldiers and seriously wound one other. 1997 - Boerge Ousland of Norway becomes the first person to cross Antarctica alone and unaided. Births 1689 - Montesquieu, French writer (†1755) 1779 - Peter Roget, lexicographer (†1869) 1782 - Daniel Webster, statesman (†1852) 1854 - Thomas Watson, telephone pioneer 1882 - A. A. Milne, author (†1956) 1892 - Oliver Hardy, comedian, actor (†1957) 1903 - Werner Hinz, actor (†1985) 1904 - Cary Grant, actor (†1986) 1905 - Joseph Bonanno, gangster (†2002) 1913 - Danny Kaye, actor (†1987) 1914 - Arno Schmidt, author (†1979) 1932.
1956 - First ever Eurovision Song Contest - May 24 1956 in sports 1956 in television April - WNBQ Chicago becomes the first TV station to broadcast all its local programming in color. April Ampex demonstrates a videotape recorder at the NAB Convention in Chicago. The three networks place orders for the recorders. August 8 - Final telecast of the DuMont network October 1 - Ernie Kovacs becomes the host for NBC's Tonight Show on Mondays and Tuesdays. October 29 - First use of videotape in network television programming; CBS uses its Ampex VTR to record the evening news, anchored by Douglas Edwards. The tape is then fed to West Coast stations three hours later October 29 - Chet Huntley and David Brinkley take over anchor duties of the NBC evening newscast, which.
1956 in film - James Stewart The Eddy Duchin Story The Conqueror Love Me Tender Rock Around the Clock Forbidden Planet Births January 3 - Mel Gibson, actor and director January 7 - David Caruso, actor January 18 - Ray Dolby, inventor of the Dolby noise reduction system February 11 - Kathleen Beller, actress. July 9 - Tom Hanks, actor Deaths December 12 - Ewald André Dupont, German director December 16 - Nina Hamnett, artist Other Movies Released Around the World in Eighty Days The Invasion of the Body Snatchers The King and I.
Ampex - Ampex Needs more here on the development of the system. Plus, Ampex isn't just a tape format, it's also a company, so maybe needs separate entries for each. AMPEX is an acronym, created by its founder, Alexander M. Poniatoff. It actually means (A)lexander (M). (P)oniatoff (Ex)cellence. Poniatoff's company was born in 1944 as the Ampex Electric and Manufacturing Company. In 1948, ABC used an Ampex Model 200 audio recorder for the first-ever U.S. tape delay radio broadcast of The Bing Crosby Show. In 1950, Ampex introduced the first "dedicated" instrumentation recorder, Model 500, built for the U.S. Navy. Ampex became a leader in magnetic recording technology, both sound and video. Ampex was not a recording format, per se, but a company that invented the quadruplex format that dominated the broadcast industry.
Audio level compression - dynamic range of an audio signal is reduced. An audio level compressor reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal by using a variable gain amplifier to reduce the gain of the signal if it passes a set threshold. The amount of gain reduction is usually determined by a ratio control. That is, with a ratio of 4:1, if the input level is 4dB over the threshold, the gain will be reduced so that the output level will only be 1dB over the threshold. Compressors usually have controls to set how fast the compressor respondes to changes in input level, known as attack, and how quickly the compressor returns to no gain reduction once the input level is below the threshold, known as release. Also, because the compressor is reducing the.
List of people by name: Do - Dobzhansky, Theodosius, (1900-1975), biologist Docter, Mary, (born 1961), speed skater Doctorow, Cory, author Dodd, Ken, (born 1929), British comedian Dodds, Johnny, musician Dodds, Warren "Baby, musician Dodged, Mary Mapes, (1831-1907), writer Dodgson, Charles, (1832-1898), UK author, "Lewis Carroll" Doe, John (musician), (born 1954), musician Doenitz, Karl, (1891-1980), German WW2 admiral Dogsa, Irena, (born 1957), psychologist Doherty, P. C, author Doherty, Shannen, (born 1971), US actress Dohrn, Anton, (1840-1909), zoologist Doke, Clement Martyn, (1893-1980), South African Dokken, musician Dolar, Davorin, (born 1921), chemist. Dolby, Ray, (born 1956), inventor of the Dolby noise reduction system Dolby, Thomas, (born 1958), US rock musician Doldinger, Klaus, German saxophone player Dole, Bob, (born 1923), US politician, Senator, Presidential Candidate, Russell, Kansas. Dole, Elizabeth, (born 1936), US politician Dole, Sanford B, (1844-1926), Hawaiian politician Dolenc, Mate, (born.
Sega Master System - Sega Master System The Sega Master System (SMS for short) (Japanese: マスターシステム), was an 8-bit cartridge-based gaming console manufactured by Sega. For information on the earlier Japanese version of the console, see SG-1000 Mark III. The SG-1000 Mark III came after the SG-1000 Mark I and SG-1000 Mark II. It was introduced in 1984 in Japan. The mascot of the system was Alex Kidd. The system was redesigned and was sold in the United States under the name Sega Master System in June 1986, one year after the Nintendo Entertainment System was released. The console sold for $200. The Master System was then released in other places, including a second release in Japan in 1987 under its new name. Though the Master System was more technically advanced in.
Compact audio cassette - wide (0.079375mm) and moves at 17/8 inches per second (47.625 mm/s). For comparison, the typical open reel format was ¼ inch wide (each stereo track being 1/16 inch wide) and running at either 3¾ or 7½ inches per second. The original magnetic material was based on ferrite (Fe2O3), but then chromium dioxide (CrO2) and more exotic materials were used in order to improve sound quality to try to match those of vinyl records. These had different bias requirements, requiring more complicated equipment. A variety of noise reduction schemes were used to increase fidelity, Dolby B being almost universal for both prerecorded tapes and home recording. By the late 1980s, sound fidelity on equipment by manufacturers such as Nakamichi and Tandberg far surpassed the levels expected of the medium by early detractors.
Helicopter - the vehicle, that would spin the helicopter in the opposite direction to the rotor. The most common way to counteract this torque is to have a smaller vertical propeller mounted at the rear of the aircraft called a tail rotor. If the rotor is shrouded (i.e., a fan embedded in the vertical tail) it is called a fenestron. Other helicopters use a "Notar" design: they blow air through a nozzle to counter the torque. Notar is an acronym meaning No TAil Rotor. Another alternative, which saves the weight of a tail boom and rotor but adds its own complexities, is to use two large horizontal rotors which turn in opposite directions. An example is the Boeing CH-47 Chinook or the Kamov Ka-50. Controlling flight Useful flight requires that an aircraft be.
History of the United States (1918-1945) - of food. US President Woodrow Wilson campaigned for the US to join the new League of Nations without success, as the mood of the nation favored a return to isolationism. The Roaring 20s In the U.S. presidential election, 1920 the Republican Party returned to the White House with the election of Warren G. Harding, who promised a "return to normalcy" after the traumatic years of World War I. During most of the 1920s the United States enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity: prices for agricultural commodities and wages fell at the end of the war while new industries (radio, movies, automobiles, and chemicals) flourished. The unevenness was also geographic: the standard of living in rural areas fell increasingly behind that of urban and suburban areas which saw dramatic improvements in housing.
Glossary of medical terms related to communications disorders - and related disorders. An audiologist uses a variety of tests and procedures to assess hearing and balance function and to fit and dispense hearing aids and other assistive devices for hearing. Auditory Brainstem Response test (ABR test) - a test for brain functioning in comatose, unresponsive, etc., patients, and for hearing in infants and young children; involves attaching electrodes to the head to record electrical activity from the hearing nerve and other parts of the brain. Auditory nerve - eighth cranial nerve that connects the inner ear to the brainstem and is responsible for hearing and balance. Auditory perception - ability to identify, interpret, and attach meaning to sound. Auditory prosthesis - device that substitutes or enhances the ability to hear. Augmentative devices - tools that help individuals with limited or.
Fairlight CMI - Ryrie in Sydney, Australia in the late 1970s, and rose to prominence in the early 1980s. The first buyers of the new system were Peter Gabriel and Stevie Wonder, and the first commercially released song to use it was Gabriel's Shock the Monkey (although this is debated because it also found use on Kate Bush's Wuthering Heights album). The Fairlight was a development of an earlier synthesiser called the Quasar M8, an attempt to create sound by modelling all of the parameters of a waveform in real time. Unfortunately, this was rather beyond the available processing power of the day, and the results were disappointing. In an attempt to make something of it, Vogel and Ryrie decided to see what it would do with a naturally recorded sound as a starting.
Empirical orthogonal functions - statistically independant; i.e. have maximum variance. Thus, information is evenly distributed amongst the signals, as well as the equally measurable values of each signal, resulting in maximum information entropy, and robustness to noise. When one discusses empirical orthogonal functions, they are concerned with how to extract these functions from a given system, with regard to a given set of information. They are also concerned with, therefore, what the empirical orthogonal functions that pertain to a given thing-in-the-world are, in relation to another given thing-in-the-world. Related topics: Source separation Blind signal separation Nonlinear dimensionality reduction Transform coding.
Douglas DC-8 - had yet to fly and was still two years away from commercial service. The Comet disasters and the consequent airline disinterest in jets seemed to demonstrate the wisdom of their tried and true strategy. Nevertheless, with one eye on the USAF tanker market, Douglas secretly began jet transport project definition studies in mid-year, and by mid-1953 had decided on something very like the final form: an 80-seat, low-wing aircraft with four Pratt & Whitney JT3 turbojet engines, 30 degree wing sweep, and an internal cabin diameter of exactly 11 feet (3.35m) to allow five abreast seating. Maximum weight was to be 95 tonnes, and range was estimated at somewhere between 3000 and 4000 miles (about 4800 to 6400km). Douglas were luke-warm about the jet airliner project, but believed that the USAF.
USS Albacore (AGSS-569) - Lieutenant Commander Kenneth C. Gummerson in command. The effectiveness of submarines in World War II convinced the United States Navy that undersea warfare would play an even more important role in coming conflicts and dictated development of superior submarines. The advent of nuclear power nourished the hope that such warships could be produced. The effort to achieve this goal involved the development of a nuclear propulsion system and the design of a streamlined submarine hull capable of optimum submerged performance. Late in World War II a committee studied postwar uses of atomic energy and recommended the development of nuclear propulsion for ships. Since nuclear power plants would operate without the oxygen supply needed by conventional machinery, and since techniques were available for converting carbon dioxide back to oxygen, the Navy's submarine.
David E. Blackmer - an audio electronics engineer, most famous as the inventor of the DBX noise reduction system and founder of dbx, Inc. As well as noise reduction, Blackmer worked on extending the frequency response of audio electronics beyond the conventionally-accepted audible range of 20kHz. He also published research on the value of ultrasonic frequencies in sound reproduction, claiming that the time resolution of human hearing is 5 microseconds or better - which would correspond to a frequency of 200kHz, requiring audio equipment ideally to have a flat response to that frequency. Blackmer attended High Mowing School in Wilton, New Hampshire, New Hampshire, USA. He started in audio at Lafayette Radio in Boston in the 1940s and studied electronics in the US Navy and at Harvard University and MIT. He later worked at Trans-Radio.
Dbx, Inc. - 1971. The original company goal was: "To get closer to the realism of a live performance." dbx is best known for the DBX noise reduction system. dbx manufactured only signal processing equipment until bought by BSR in 1979. From 1979 until 1989, the brand name was also used for consumer audio equipment such as speakers, CD players and amplifierss. In 1989, Sanju Chiba of ELPJ acquired BSR and sold off dbx as a separate business..
B-47 Stratojet - gear assemblies arranged in a tandem, not a side by side, configuration. Outrigger landing gear was to be fitted to the inboard engine pods. The concept had already been tested on a modified Martin B-26 Marauder aircraft. However, bicycle landing gear made it difficult for a pilot to "rotate" an aircraft into a nose-up position for takeoff. Again, the solution was simple: the landing gear was designed so that the nose-up position was the default. This little change would have a very pleasing effect on an aircraft that was already shaping up to be very elegant, giving the machine the appearance of being ready to leap into the air even when it was sitting still. There were some other tweaks to the design, such as a wingtip extension to improve range..
