Intraplate earthquakes - (earthquakes at plate boundaries), there is the fact that very large intraplate earthquakes (earthquake within plates) can inflict heavy damage on towns and cities. With plate tectonics the world is modeled as a collection of 'dinner plates' sliding past each other on the giant table of the earth, these are, in fact, cracked dinner plates, under high stress. Nearly all the relative motion takes place at the edges of the plates, but there are still the 'creaks and groans of an ancient crust'. At times, motions along these interior weak zones produce rather large earthquakes. A series of famous intraplate earthquakes occurred on the New Madrid fault zone. A similar large earthquake devastated the region of Gujarat, India, in 2001, resulting in a large loss of life. Many cities in North.
Historic photos of 1906 San Francisco earthquake - Historic photos of 1906 San Francisco earthquake Additional historic photos of the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake..
Good Friday Earthquake - Good Friday Earthquake The Good Friday Earthquake, also "Great Alaska Earthquake" of March 27, 1964 was the single most powerful earthquake in United States history. The epicenter of the magnitude 9.2 earthquake was in Prince William Sound in South Central Alaska. Most of the property damage occurred in Anchorage, 120 northwest of the epicenter. The earthquake resulted in the deaths of 125 people, almost all from the resulting tsunamis that plagued the fjords of Prince William Sound and the Kenai Peninsula. The duration of the shock felt in Anchorage lasted nearly 3 minutes, and much of the damage in the city was from the resulting landslides and massive land displacement. Nearly every house in the neighboorhood of Turnagain Heights were destroyed in the quake. External Links USGS page.
Great Hanshin earthquake - Great Hanshin earthquake The Great Hanshin earthquake (阪神大震災; Hanshin-daishinsai) measured at 7.2 on the Richter Scale occurred on January 17, 1995 at 5:46am 52 sec in South Hyogo and lasted for approx. 20 seconds. The epicenter of the earthquake was less than 20 km below Awaji island, near the city of Kobe. 5,477 people lost their life mainly in Kobe. It was the worst earthquake in Japan since the Great Kanto earthquake in 1923 which claimed 140,000 lives. The earthquake is also known under the following names: Kobe, South Hyogo, Hyogo-ken Nanbu, and Great Hanshin-Awaji..
Great Kanto earthquake - Great Kanto earthquake The Great Kanto earthquake of September 1, 1923, recorded a magnitude of 7.9 wiping out the port city of Yokohama and half of neighboring Tokyo. More than 140,000 lives were lost in the catastrophe..
Great Chilean Earthquake - Great Chilean Earthquake On May 22, 1960, an earthquake, measuring 9.5 on the Richter scale (9.5 MW, 8.6 MS) affected Southern Chile. It had its epicenter in Valdivia approx. 2000 km south of Santiago. The earthquake caused a tsunami which ran through the Pacific Ocean and devastated Hilo, Hawaii, 10000km from the epicenter. The total number of casualties from the earthquake was estimated to be up to 3000..
Earthquake - Earthquake An earthquake is a trembling or shaking movement of the Earth's surface. Earthquakes typically result from the movement of faultss, quasi-planar zones of deformation within its uppermost layers. The word earthquake is also widely used to indicate the source region itself. The solid earth is in slow but constant motion (see plate tectonics) and earthquakes occur where the resulting Stress exceeds the capacity of Earth materials to support it. This condition is most often found at (and the resulting frequent occurrence of earthquakes is used to define) the boundaries of the tectonic plates into which the Earth's lithosphere can be divided. Events that occur at plate boundaries are called interplate earthquakes; the less frequent events that occur in the interior of the lithospheric plates are.
Earthquake preparedness - Earthquake preparedness Chances are, that over the course of your lifetime, you will feel an earthquake. Whether it is merely an interesting experience, or a cataclysmic event, depends on the strength of your earthquake preparedness. Coping with earthquakes does not necessarily mean packing your bags and moving; there are very few places of refuge. Nearly all major cities live with the same degree of seismic risk involving major damage associated with a rare earthquake. Not that they all have the same chance of an earthquake (seismic hazard), but human nature being what it is, all cities drift to a level of earthquake preparedness consistent with living memory. Thus, Los Angles, has had many earthquakes in the past hundred years, so it has much tougher building codes.
Earthquake prediction - Earthquake prediction Earthquake prediction is much like taking on the stockmarket; you can see patterns, you have an idea what is going on, but can you make a profit? For stocks it is a purely a matter of money, for a social benefit like earthquake prediction, it is a matter of whether the prediction truly helps anybody. Earthquakes behave exactly like stocks, wind bursts, solar flares, whatever. In fact, wherever, there are fundamental laws working at the smallest to largest scale, we have what is called a power law. For stocks, there is a pattern that the number of daily price-swings of 1%, is, perhaps, 8 times the number of days when the swing is 2%, which is eight times the number of days at 4%..
Earthquake construction - Earthquake construction When you see the recent earthquake tragedies in Algiera or Turkey, you must remember it has to do with earthquake construction: how to do it right and how to do it wrong. Stone Stacking At the dawn of history, mankind decided to move from tents (very good in earthquakes), to more comfortable structures. For most people the convenient construction material was stone. Nearly all of the stone construction was a variation on the theme of Stonehenge - take two vertical stones, and place a flat stone on top. Of course, not everybody had the big rocks, so they would approximate this by piling rubble, or bricks, and by constructing arches. This form of construction had the appearance of stability and protection from the rain,.
Earthquake liquefaction - Earthquake liquefaction Earthquake liquefaction is also referred to as soil liquefaction. It occurs occasionally as a result of strong earthquake shaking on weak soils. The effect on structures and buildings can be devastating, and is a major contributor to urban seismic risk. Sand Compaction Liquefaction essentially means that the soil is turned into a liquid. The key ingredient is a formation of loose, saturated sand. As seen in the figure, uniform sand grains can be packed either in a loose or a compact (dense) formation. Loose sand has usually been deposited gently underwater, either naturally, or sluiced into what is called hydraulic fill. The loose grains can support considerable weight, with the help of the water, which forms a good portion of the mass. Once strong.
1755 Lisbon earthquake - 1755 Lisbon earthquake The 1755 Lisbon earthquake took place on November 1, 1755 at 9:20 in the morning. It was one of the most destructive and deadly earthquakes in history and had a strong impact in the 18th century society. Modern geologists estimate that the Lisbon earthquake approached magnitude 9 on the Richter scale. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The earthquake 2 The day after 3 Social implications 4 The birth of seismology 5.
1872 Lone Pine earthquake - 1872 Lone Pine earthquake Lone Pine fault scarp , The Great Lone Pine earthquake was one of the largest earthquakes to hit California in recorded history. The quake struck on March 26, 1872 and its epicenter was near Lone Pine, California in Owens Valley. The true size of this earthquake is not known, but historical evidence detailing the damage it caused in settlements and landforms near the epicenter and the geographic extent to which noticeable movement was felt, leads researchers to estimate a Richter magnitude of 7.6 to 8 or greater - similar in size to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The quake hit at 2:35 in the morning and leveled almost all the buildings in Lone Pine and nearby settlements. Of the estimated 250-300 inhabitants of Lone Pine,.
Kansai International Airport - were excavated for 21 million cubic meters of landfill. 10,000 workers and 10 million work hours over 3 years, using 80 ships, were needed to complete the thirty-meter layer of earth over the sea floor and inside the sea wall. In 1990, a three-kilometer bridge was completed to connect the island to the mainland at Rinku-Town, at a cost of $1 billion. By then, the island had sunk 8 meters (far more than predicted) and the project became the most expensive civil works project in modern history after 20 years of planning, 3 years of construction and several billion dollars of investment. In 1991, the terminal construction commenced. To compensate for the sinking of the island, adjustable columns were designed to support the terminal building. These could be extended by inserting.
Karposh - forces (Pelince) and Serbian Chetniks (Dragomance, Drenak). Killed in action on Kozjak mountain February 7, 1944. 3. Karposh I-IV - municipal areas in Skopje, named in honor of (1) and/or (2). There are four Karposh "settlements," called Karposh I, Karposh II, Karposh III, Karposh IV, and all were built after the 1963 earthquake. Mostly consisting of quiet apartment blocks with greenery, and considered a desirable area to live. 4. Karposh V (Karposh Five) - area of apartment blocks in Ohrid, at its exit towards Biljanini Izvori. Most of the apartments are owned by people from Skopje, and remain vacant during most of the year. Named after (3)..
Kameiros - rows of Doric columns with rooms for shops or lodgings in the rear. The main settlement was on the middle terrace, consisting of a grid of parallel streets and residential blocks. On the lower terrace are found a Doric Temple, probably to Apollo; the Fountain House, with the Agora in front of it; and Peribolos of the Altars, which contained dedications to various deities. During the prehistoric period the area was inhabited by the Achaeans. The city itself was founded by the Dorians. The temple foundations were begun at least as early as the eighth century B.C. The earthquake of 226 B.C. destroyed the city and the temple. The earthquake of 142 BC destroyed the city for the second time. The Acropolis was excavated by Biliotti and Salzmann between 1852 and.
Kefallinia - the area. There are five harbours and ports in the prefecture, four main harbours on the island, Sami or Same, a major port with links to Patras and Ithaca. Poros, in the south, has ferry routes to Kyllini. Argostoli, in the west, is the largest port, carrying local boats around, and ferries to Zante and occasionally to Lixouri. Vasiliki, in the north, has links to Lefkas and Ithaca. There is room for around 100 small boats in Argostoli, with the port stretching 1 kilometre around the estuary. Lixouri is situated 4km across the bay from Argostoli, on the Lixori peninsular. There is a road connection to the rest of the island, however driving from Lixouri to Argostoli involves a 30 km detour. There is one airport, Argostoli Airport, with a runway.
Kingston, Jamaica - country. Founded in 1693, the city became the country's capital in 1872. On January 14, 1907 an earthquake in Kingston killed more than a 1,000 people. Kingston is served by Norman Manley International Airport..
Kobe - areas in Kobe. Other less central areas include Sannomiya and Nishinomiya. Nankinmachi is Kobe's Chinatown, and is particularly lively at night. Mt Rokko overlooks Kobe with an elevation of 931 metres: during the autumn season, Mt Rokko is famous for the rich change in colours of its forests. Mt Rokko is also the site of Japan's first golf course, established by the Englishmanman Arthur Gloom in 1903. Kobe is also home to Kobe University, which traces its roots back to 1905. On January 17, 1995 an earthquake measured at 7.2 on the Richter Scale occurred at 05:46am JST near the city killing more than 5,000, making 300,000 homeless and destroying large parts of the port facilities and other parts of the city. It was one of the most costly natural disasters.
Krakatoa - days afterwards. The island of Rakata itself largely ceased to exist, and its surrounding ocean floor was drastically altered. Two nearby islands, Verlaten and Lang, had their land masses increased. Volcanic ash continues to be a significant part of the geological composition of these islands. There had been volcanic and seismic activity present around the island earlier that year, when an earthquake occurred. On May 20, 1883, the hitherto inert volcano erupted. By August 11, 1883, three vents were regularly erupting on the volcano. Tides continued to be unusually high, and phenonema such as windows suddenly shattering were commonplace. Ships at anchor were sometimes tied down with chains. About 36,000 people (some sources say 36,417) were killed by the resultant tsunami waves generated. Amongst the settlements that were wiped out were.
