Eastern Orthodoxy - Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodox Christianity (or "Eastern Orthodoxy") refers primarily to church traditions descending from the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 History 2.1 The Church within the Empire 2.2 Muslim Conquest and Iconoclasm 2.3 Conversion of the Slavs 2.4 Divisons from the West 2.4.1 Orthodoxy and the Reformation 3 Structure / Organization 3.5 Bishops, priests and deacons 3.6 Church Jurisdictions 3.6.2 Orthodoxy in North America 4 Theology 4.7 General flavor and phronema 4.8 Asceticism and Theosis 4.8.3 Mystery of Repentance 4.8.4 Mystery of the Eucharist 4.8.5 Fasting 4.8.6 Almsgiving 4.9 Eastern Orthodox churches 4.9.7 Autocephalous churches 4.9.8 Autonomous Churches 4.9.9 Churches with ambiguous status 4.9.10 Churches that have voluntarily "walled themselves off" 5 Related Articles 6 External Links Introduction.
Economy (Eastern Orthodoxy) - Economy (Eastern Orthodoxy) In Eastern Orthodoxy, economy is discretionary recognition granted by an Orthodox church to sacraments performed in heterodox churches, or recognition granted by Orthodox bishops to sacraments performed in other dioceses or other jurisdictions. The term is also used for any deviation from the standard rules (canons) of the Church that is made with a view towards putting the spirit before the letter and helping the cause of the salvation of souls. Generally only bishops can decide to make such deviations. They are seen to be justifiable because the canons are not laws but rather suggestions and guidelines which might, at times, become an impediment. However, the normal case should always be Akribia, or strict adherence to the standards..
Eastern Christianity - Eastern Christianity Eastern Christianity refers collectively to Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, especially when speaking more about what they share in common than about the ways they differ. The term may also include Eastern-Rite Catholic churches, which are those branches of Roman Catholicism -- including only about 2% of Catholics -- that follow rules and customs similar to those of Eastern Orthodox churches; for example, their priests need not be celibate and their parish priests administer the sacrament of confirmation to newborn infants immediately after baptism via the rite of chrismation, and the infants are then allowed to receive communion. The Eastern Rite Catholics are subject to the eastern Catholic patriarchs, and thus indirectly subject to the Catholic Pope through the Catholic Patriarchs of the East..
Eastern - Eastern The term Eastern can have multiple meanings depending on its context. Most modern uses of the term refer to Eastern philosophy, Eastern or Asian countries, Eastern history or ancient Asian culture, typically also including those countries whose ethnic identity and their dominant culture derive from ancient Asian culture. Thus, in various contexts, the term "Eastern" may refer to something that came from the East. The term is usually associated with a cultural tradition that traces its origins to ancient Asian thought and Asian religions like Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism and Taoism. Cornerstones in this tradition are arguably beliefs in: spiritual, karmic, or ancestral forces personal auras, or energy flows around the human body and anti-scientific thought in general. Examples include: Eastern bloc Eastern district, Hong Kong.
Oriental Orthodoxy - Oriental Orthodoxy The infelicitous term Oriental Orthodoxy refers to several particularly ancient Orthodox Christian traditions. The Oriental Orthodox churches separated from the then-still-unified vast communion that called itself the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church in the 5th century, centuries before the 11th-century Great Schism in which that larger church separated into the "Western Church" (Roman Catholicism) and the Eastern Orthodox Church. (The term is infelicitous because oriental as a common adjective means the same thing as eastern, and yet Oriental Orthodoxy is not the same thing as Eastern Orthodoxy.) The separation resulted in part from the Oriental Orthodox churches' refusal to accept the Christological dogmas promulgated by the Council of Chalcedon, which held that Jesus has two natures -- one divine and one human. The Oriental.
Kievan Rus' - References Early History of Kievan Rus' According to the Primary Chronicle, the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus', a Varangian (Viking) named Rurik first established himself in Novgorod (according to the chronicle, he was selected as common ruler by several slavic tribes), just south of modern-day St. Petersburg, in about 860 before moving south and extending his authority to Kiev. The chronicle cites the Scandinavian Rurik as the progenitor of a dynasty that ruled in Eastern Europe until 1598. Another Varagnian, Oleg (Helgi), who was a close relative of Rurik, moved south from Novgorod to expel the Khazars from Kiev and founded Kievan Rus' about 880. During the next thirty-five years, "Oleg" and his Viking and Slavic, warriors subdued the various Eastern Slavic tribes. In 907, he led an attack against Constantinople,.
Veneration - (Latin veneratio, Greek dulia) In Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, veneration, or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring someone, and through them honoring God who made them and in whose image they are made. This is often shown outwardly in the form of respectful bowing before a saint's icon or relics, usually while making the sign of the cross; kissing an icon or relic, or exchanging the "kiss of peace" with another person in some fashion; or any other culturally appropriate way of showing honor and respect. Animals, plants, and other parts of Nature may also be venerated simply by taking good care of them, thereby showing honor and respect for God who made them. Apologetics Critics charge that veneration amounts to the heresy idolatry, and that the related beatification.
January 6 - 1902 - Max Güde, attorney (†1984) 1913 - Loretta Young, actress (†2000) 1914 - Danny Thomas, singer, actor, comedian (†1991) 1920 - Early Wynn, Baseball Hall of Famer 1920 - Sun Myung Moon, evangelist 1921 - Louis Harris, pollster 1923 - Jacobo Timerman, writer (†1999) 1924 - Earl Scruggs, bluegrass performer 1925 - John DeLorean, auto maker 1931 - E.L. Doctorow, author 1931 - Capucine, actress (†1990) 1933 - Emil Steinberger, cabaretist 1933 - Oleg_Makarov, cosmonaut (†2003) 1944 - Bonnie Franklin, actress 1946 - Syd Barrett, guitarist and singer 1951 - Kim Wilson, rock musician 1953 - Angus Young, guitarist 1954 - Anthony Minghella, director 1955 - Rowan Atkinson, comedian, actor 1957 - Nancy Lopez, golfer 1959 - Kathy Sledge, singer 1960 - Nigella Lawson,.
Visigoth - the Danube River in a series of campaigns by the emperors Claudius II Gothicus and Aurelian. However, they maintained their hold on the Roman province of Dacia, which Aurelian evacuated in 271. Settled in Dacia, the Visigoths adopted Arianism, a branch of Christianity that believed that Jesus Christ was not God, but a separate being created directly beneath God. This belief was in opposition to the belief of the main Christian group in the Roman Empire, which later grew into Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. The Visigoths adhered to Arianism until 589, when King Reccared (Ricardo) I converted his people to Catholicism. They remained in Dacia until 376, when one of their two leaders, Fritigern, appealed to the Roman emperor Valens to be allowed to settle with his people on the south.
John the Baptist - imperfect accounts of John the Baptist or John the Baptizer in the Gospels. (The Eastern Orthodox also refer to him as John the Forerunner because he was the forerunner of Christ.) According to Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, he was the last of the prophets. He was of priestly descent. His father, Zacharias, was a priest of the course of Abia (1 Chr. 24:10), and his mother, Elisabeth, was of the daughters of Aaron (Luke 1:5). The mission of John was the subject of prophecy (Matt. 3:3; Isa. 40:3; Mal. 3:1). His birth, which took place six months before that of Jesus, was foretold by an angel. Zacharias, deprived of the power of speech as a token of God's truth and a reproof of his own incredulity with reference to the birth.
John Chrysostom - the church of the time. He had notable ascetic sensibilities. After his death he was named John Chrysostom, which comes from the Greek chrysostomos, "golden mouthed". The Eastern Orthodox churches honors him as a saint and counts him among the Three Holy Hierarchs, together with Saints Basil the Great and Gregory the Theologian. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Biography 2 His Importance 3 The Homilies against the Judaizers 4 Work on liturgy 5 External Link Biography He was born in Antioch of high-bred parents: his father was a high ranking military officer. His father died soon after his birth and so he was brought up by his Christian mother. He was baptised in 370 and ordained a "reader". He had began his education under a pagan teacher named Libanius, but now.
Joseph Soloveitchik - the University of Berlin obtaining a Ph.D. based on the philosophy of the great German philosopher Herman Cohen , and simultaneously maintaining a rigorous schedule of intensive Talmud study. During his years in Berlin, he made the acquintance of two other young scholars pursuing similar paths to his own. One was Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson who was destined to command the Chabad Lubavitch movement centered in Brooklyn , New York and the other was Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner who would become the Dean of the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin also in Brooklyn , New York . Each developed a system of thought bthat bridged the Eastern European way of traditional scholarship with the new forces of modernity in the Western World . Philosophy : Synthesis During his tenure at Yeshiva University in.
John of Ephesus - plague which broke out there in 534 or the furious persecution directed against the Monophysites by Ephrem, patriarch of Antioch, and Abraham (bishop of Amid c. 520-541). In Constantinople he seems to have early won the notice of Justinian, one of the main objects of whose policy was the consolidation of Eastern Christianity as a bulwark against the pagan power of Persia. John is said by Barhebraeus (Chron. eccl. i. 195) to have succeeded Anthimus as Monophysite bishop of Constantinople, but this is probably a mistake. In any case, he enjoyed the emperor's favor until the death of the latter in 565 and (as he himself tells us) was entrusted with the administration of the entire revenues of the Monophysite Church. He was also sent, with the rank of bishop, on.
Justinian I - history of Justinian's reign, although the chronicle of John of Ephesus (which survives as the basis for many later chronicles) contributes many valuable details. Both historians became very bitter towards Justinian and Theodora. Aside from his main history Procopius also wrote the Secret History, which reports on various scandals at Justinian's court. Theodora died in 548; Justinian outlived her for almost 20 years, and died on November 14 or 15, 565. Legal Activities One of the Justinian's greatest accomplishments is his judicial revolution which organised Roman law in a form and organic scheme that is still in use today and remains more or less unaltered in some countries today (apart from obvious adaptations). The first draft of the Corpus Juris Civilis was issued on April 7, 529 in three parts: Digesto.
Justification (theology) - be considered righteous by God, or whether it must be perfected by obedience; The relationship of justification to sanctification, the process whereby sinners become more righteous and are enabled by the Holy Spirit to live lives more pleasing to God; and The relationship of justification to atonement, the expiation of sins. Justification is far less emphasized in Eastern Christianity, including both Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy than it is in Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, so much so that it often has no separate treatment in Eastern theological works. = The meaning of justification = Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Relatively 2 Scripturally 3 Pardon 4 Righteousness 5 Not by works of the law 6 It's origin or source: God's free grace 7 It's ground: the blood of Jesus Christ 8 It's.
Iconography - The iconographer identifies the saints represented on cathedral windows, for example, by noting the tools or animals that were included in the pictures specifically for the sake of identification. In Eastern Orthodoxy, the church has established an extensive set of rules and guidelines to be used for writing icons, both in general and for particular icons. (Quick note on word usage: icons are not "painted", they are "written." They are also "read" by the viewer, rather than just viewed.) Because the icons communicate theological truth, they are often just as careful to write icons correctly as they would be to compose written doctrines and dogmas. Eastern Orthodox theologians often find it useful to "quote from" or refer to a particular icon when making a point, just as they might cite a.
Idolatry - condemned as idolatrous. The worship of icons or images is, more specifically, known as iconolatry. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Etymology 2 Idolatry in the Hebrew Bible 2.1 Terms for idolatry 2.2 Forms of idol worship 2.3 Historical-critical view of idolatry in the Hebrew Bible 3 Jewish views of idolatry 3.4 Modern Jewish views 4 Christian views of idolatry 5 Idolatry in the New Testament 6 Christian views on images 6.5 Eastern Orthodoxy 6.6 Critics of Christian use of images 6.7 Christian defense of icons and images 7 Muslim views of idolatry 8 Asian views of idolatry 9 Idolatry and Polytheism 10 Other meanings of idolatry 11 References Etymology The word idolatry comes from the Greek word eidololatria, which is a compound of eidolon, "image" or "figure", and latreia, "worship". Although.
Immaculate Conception - the virgin birth. Immaculate Conception was defined by Pope Pius IX in his constitution Ineffabilis Deus, published December 8, 1854 (the Feast of the Immaculate Conception). The Virgin Mary The doctrine is generally not shared by either Eastern Orthodoxy or by Protestantism, though for different reasons. Eastern Orthodoxy does not share this doctrine because it does not share Catholicism's Augustinian view of original sin and total depravity, and consequently considers the doctrine unnecessary. There are numerous references in the Greek and Syrian Fathers to Mary's purity and sinlessness, but it has not been claimed by Orthodox theologians that this refers to an a priori state and could correctly refer to her conduct after birth. In addition, there is a theological argument that, had the Theotokos been somehow rendered sinless before Jesus.
Indulgence - the communion of saints; The infinite merit of Jesus Christ Himself; and The merit of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Under the Roman Catholic concept of merit, the infinite merit of Christ, and the merits of the various saints above and beyond what was needed to satisfy God and get them into Heaven has been granted by the Church, which can apply this surplus merit --- sometimes called works of supererogation --- against the deficits in merit suffered by penitent but believing sinners. The doctrine of indulgences has historically been one of the more controversial teachings in Roman Catholic soteriology. The ability to offer a full pardon of the punishment due for sins has been used by the Roman Catholic Church to motivate its faithful to do a number of things over.
Irenaeus - in Gaul, which is now Lyons, France. He is recognized as a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, and his writings were formative in the early development of Christian theology. His feast day is June 28. The Catholic Church considers him a Father of the Church. He was a disciple of Polycarp, who himself was a disciple of John the Evangelist. Biography Irenaeus is thought to have been a Greek from Polycarp's hometown of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now Izmir, Turkey. He was brought up in a Christian family, rather than converting as an adult, and this may help explain his strong sense of orthodoxy. Irenaeus was one of the first Christian writers to use the principle of apostolic succession to refute his opponents. Irenaeus is.
