Emacs Lisp programming language - Emacs Lisp programming language Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs editors, which will simply be called "Emacs" in this article. Emacs Lisp is sometimes also called Elisp, at the risk of confusion with an unrelated Lisp dialect with the same name. The majority of the editing functionality in Emacs comes from code written in Emacs Lisp; the rest is written in C. Emacs Lisp code can be written by users to customize and extend Emacs. Emacs Lisp is related to the MacLisp and Common Lisp dialects of Lisp. It supports imperative and functional programming methods. Lisp was chosen as the extension language for Emacs because of its powerful features, including the ability to treat functions.
Lisp programming language - Lisp programming language Lisp (which stands for "LISt Processing") is a programming language oriented towards functional programming. Its prominent features include prefix-notation syntax, dynamic typing (variables are type-neutral, but values have implicit type), and the ability to treat source code as first-class objects. Not counting the various machine languages and assembly languages, Lisp is the second-oldest programming language still in widespread use; only Fortran is older. Like Fortran, it has changed greatly since its early days. Strictly speaking, Lisp is now not a single language but a family of similarly-styled languages with an instantly recognizable appearance. These are known as Lisp dialects; the most well-known are Common Lisp and Scheme. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Syntax 3 Minimal Lisp 4 Example programs 5 Object.
Generational list of programming languages - Generational list of programming languages Alphabetical list of programming languages Categorical list of programming languages Chronological list of programming languages See: Programming language Atlas Autocode Algol Algol60 Algol68 AlgolW Pascal Ada Delphi Euclid Concurrent Euclid Turing Concurrent Turing Turing Plus Object Oriented Turing Modula-2 Modula-3 programming language Oberon programming language Oberon 2 programming language Component Pascal APL J Assembly BASIC Cache BASIC BASIC09 COMAL Quickbasic TrueBASIC VBScript Visual Basic CPL programming language BCPL B C D programming language Coyote programming language Pike programming language C++ C# CFM Objective C QuakeC COBOL DIBOL WATBOL CORAL FORTH FORTRAN FORTRAN II FORTRAN 66 FORTRAN 77 FORTRAN IV RATFOR WATFOR WATFIV ECMAScript (JavaScript; originally, LiveScript) Java J# Joy Lisp AutoLISP Common Lisp Emacs Lisp Logo Scheme Pico Guile ML Ocaml (Objective CAML).
List of esoteric programming languages - List of esoteric programming languages The following is a list of esoteric programming languages and lesser-known programming languages: 23 4DL, a Befunge descendant ACS, a scripting language used in Hexen and modern Doom ports ADL, the Adventure Definition Language ADVSYS AKI (AvtoKod Ingenera, "engineer's autocode") for Minsk family of computers Ale ALPACA, a meta-language for programming arbitrary cellular automata ARCAL, a language for cellular automata Aura, a Brainfuck descendant B B5 BAK BANCStar BCPL BDAMD Beatnik Befunge beta-Juliet BFM, a Brainfuck variant with macros Blank Bloop Bon programming language Boo-yah Borg Brainfuck, designed to have the smallest compiler ever Bub, a Brainfuck variant Bubble Bullfrog C- Chef Choon COBOLscript Color Forth COMAL Condit COW CUPL Dis, a variant of Malbolge Doublefuck, an extended version of Brainfuck ETA FALSE.
Emacs - Emacs Emacs is an extremely versatile text editor that is popular with programmers. It was originally written by Richard Stallman in 1976, as a set of Editor MACroS for the TECO editor. Since its original incarnation, Emacs has been re-implemented multiple times. Nowadays, the two most popular versions are GNU Emacs (also written by Stallman) and its close relative XEmacs. The lower-case word emacs (plural emacsen) can be taken to mean the class of editors with behavior similar to the original Emacs. The capitalized word Emacs is often used synonymously with GNU Emacs. Emacs History Emacs began at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. Prior to its introduction, TECO was the default text editor in ITS, the operating system on the AI Lab's PDP-6 and PDP-10.
Common Lisp - Common Lisp Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp, standardised by ANSI X3.226-1994. Developed to standardize the divergent variants of Lisp which predated it, it is not an implementation but rather a language specification to which most Lisp implementations conform. Common Lisp is a general-purpose programming language, in contrast to Lisp variants such as Emacs Lisp and AutoLISP which are embedded extension languages in particular products. Unlike many earlier Lisps, but like Scheme, Common Lisp uses lexical scoping for variables. Common Lisp is a multi-paradigm programming language that: Supports programming techniques such as imperative, functional and object-oriented programming. Is dynamically typed, but with optional type declarations that can improve efficiency or safety. Is extensible through standard features such as macros and reader macros. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide").
TECO - about everybody. With all the dialects included, TECO may have been the most prolific editor in use before Emacs, to which it was directly ancestral. TECO, noted for its unspeakably hairy syntax, can be considered a general-purpose, interpreted programming language targeted for text manipulation. Almost every character is a command—a 1- or 2-character sequence replaces the usual keywords of more verbose languages—thus any character string is a TECO program, although not necessarily a useful one. One common game used to be mentally working out what the TECO commands corresponding to human names did. Richard Stallman's original Emacs was implemented in TECO. Later versions of Emacs, first Multics Emacs and then GNU Emacs, however, were implemented in LISP. TECO was originally developed at MIT for use on two PDP-1 computers, belonging to.
Symbolics - in Chatsworth, California (a suburb of Los Angeles). Symbolics designed and manufactured a line of Lisp machines, single-user computers optimized to run the programming language Lisp. Symbolics also made significant advances in software technology, and offered the premier software development environment of the 1980s and early 1990s. The Lisp Machine was the first commercially available "workstation" (although that word had not yet been coined). History Symbolics was a spinoff from the MIT AI Lab, one of two companies to be founded by AI Lab staffers for the purpose of manufacturing Lisp machines. (The other was Lisp Machines, Inc) Symbolics's initial product, the LM-2, was a repackaged version of the MIT CADR Lisp machine design. The operating system and software development environment, which were written in Lisp from the microcode up, were.
Macro - Macro A programming language macro is an abstraction, whereby a certain textual pattern is replaced according to a defined set of rules. The interpreter or compiler automatically replaces the pattern when it is encountered. In compiled languages, macro-expansion always happens at compile-time. The purpose of macros is to either automate frequently-used sequences or enable a more powerful abstraction -- but these are often the same thing. Languages such as C and assembly language have simple macro systems, implemented as preprocessors to the compiler or assembler. C preprocessor macros work by simple textual search-and-replace. More elaborate macros are available to C programmers by using an additional text-processing language such as M4. Lisp languages such as Common Lisp and Scheme have more elaborate macro systems: In Lisp, macros behave.
List of programmers - - BFD, Cygwin Brian Collins - a developer of Feejt Patrick Collison - author of Isaac Alan Cox - a developer of the Linux kernel Brad Cox - Objective-C Ward Cunningham - inventor of the WikiWiki concept Dave Cutler - architect of Windows NT, VMS D L. Peter Deutsch - Ghostscript Edsger Dijkstra - ALGOL, Shortest Path First, 'GOTO considered harmful' E F Jay Fenlason - original hack, GAS G Bill Gates - Altair BASIC, Apple II BASIC, founded Microsoft John Gilmore - GDB James Gosling - Java, Gosling Emacs, NeWS Paul Graham - Yahoo! Store, On Lisp, ANSI Common Lisp Ralph Griswold - co-creator of SNOBOL and creator of Icon programming language. H Cecil Hastings - wrote the classic Approximations for Digital Computers 1950s formulas for sin cos etc. Andy.
List of open-source software packages - environments 3 Office software suites 4 Groupware 5 Web browsers 6 Databases 7 Games 8 Text editors 9 Content management systems 10 Learning Support 11 Programming language support 12 Graphics 13 Maths 14 Internet 15 Other Operating systems FreeBSD Linux NetBSD OpenBSD FreeDOS Desktop environments KDE GNOME Office software suites OpenOffice.org (similar functionality to Microsoft Office, including file compatibility) KOffice Groupware Kolab Kroupware Web browsers Galeon K-Meleon Konqueror Lynx Mozilla Mozilla Firebird Databases MySQL PostgreSQL FirebirdSQL Games Angband Circus Linux FlightGear Freeciv Hack Maelstrom Moria NetHack Netrek Penguin Command Pingus Xconq XPilot Text editors GNU/Emacs VIM FreeDOS edlin Content management systems Drupal Envolution myPHPNuke PHP-Nuke phpWebSite Postnuke Scoop Slashcode Xaraya Plone Learning Support Whiteboard http://whiteboard.sourceforge.net/ ILAIS http://www.ilias.uni-koeln.de/ios/index-e.html Moodle http://moodle.org/ Programming language support Eclipse IDE - an extensible integrated development environment GCC.
AutoLISP programming language - AutoLISP programming language AutoLISP is a programming language, a dialect of LISP included with the CAD program AutoCAD to allow the user to add functionality to the software. It is not included with the AutoCAD LT product line. It was derived from the XLISP dialect of LISP, which was created by David Betz. It is a small language compared to Common Lisp. It has extensions that support the manipulation of graphical entities. The properties of these graphical entities are revealed to AutoLISP as association lists in which AutoCAD "group codes" are paired with values that indicate properties such as points, radii, colors, layers, linetyptes, etc. The language was added to AutoCAD in Version 2.18 in January 1986, and continued to be enhanced in successive releases up to.
Dynamic programming language - Dynamic programming language In computer science, dynamic programming language is a kind of programming language in which computer programs change their structure as they run: new functions may be introduced, functions may vanish, new classes of objects may be created, new modules may appear. The details differ between languages, but in general, it is extremely difficult to compile a dynamic language down to a binary, and it is extremely difficult, perhaps impossible, to enforce design contract on a dynamic language. The code would have to understand itself in order to be able to decide whether or not a class that doesn't exist yet will meet meet the requirements of an abstract class of which it purports to belong. For methods to come and go from existence, a.
Categorical list of programming languages - Categorical list of programming languages This is a list of programming language grouped by category. See also Alphabetical list of programming languages Chronological list of programming languages Generational list of programming languages Assembly languages directly correspond to a machine language (see below) in order to allow machine code instructions to be written in a form understandable by humans. Assembly languages allow programmers to use symbolic addresses which are later converted to absolute addresses by the assembler. Most assemblers also allow for macros and symbolic constants as well. SSK (Sistema Simvolicheskogo Kodirovaniya, or "System of symbolic coding") for Minsk family of computers. AKI (AvtoKod Ingenera, i.e., "engineer's autocode") for Minsk family of computers was half-step away from assembly languages and doesn't really fit into any other categories in this.
COWSEL programming language - COWSEL programming language COWSEL is the COntrolled Working SpacE Language. Between 1964 and 1966, it was designed and implemented by Robin Popplestone, initially on a Ferranti Pegasus computer at the University of Leeds and on a Stantec Zebra at the Bradford Institute of Technology; later with Rod Burstall on an Elliot 4120 at the University of Edinburgh. It was based on a reverse Polish form of Lisp combined with some ideas from CPL. In the summer of 1966 it was renamed POP-1 and development continued under that name. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Example Code 2 Reference 3.
Timeline of programming languages - Timeline of programming languages This is a chronological list of programming languages. See also Alphabetical list, Categorical list, and Generational list; Programming language, Computing timeline, and History of computing hardware. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 pre 1950 2 1950 3 1960 4 1970 5 1980 6 1990 7 2000 pre 1950 Predecessor(s) YEAR PRODUCT -- Developer, Company * 1840~ FIRST PROGRAM -- Lovelace * 1945 Plankalkül -- Zuse 1950 * 1952 A-0 -- Hopper 1954 Mark I Autocode -- Brooker A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 MATH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FORTRAN -- Backus 1956 Information Processing Language -- Newell, Shaw, Simon FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bemer FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- Backus FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58 * 1959 LISP McCarthy.
Scheme programming language - Scheme programming language The Scheme programming language is a functional programming language and a dialect of Lisp. It was developed by Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman in the 1970s and introduced to the academic world via a series of papers now referred to as Sussman and Steele's Lambda Papers. Scheme's philosophy is unashamedly minimalist. Its goal is not to pile feature upon feature, but to remove weaknesses and restrictions that make new features appear necessary. Therefore, Scheme provides as few primitive notions as possible, and lets everything else be implemented on top of them. For example, the main mechanism for governing control flow is tail recursion. Scheme was the first variety of Lisp to use lexical variable scoping (as opposed to dynamic variable scoping) exclusively..
Strict programming language - Strict programming language A strict programming language is one in which only strict functions may be defined by the user. A non-strict programming language is one which is not strict, and hence may allow lazy evaluation. Nearly all programming languages in common use today are strict. Examples include C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, Common Lisp, Scheme, and ML. The best known non-strict languages are Haskell, Miranda, and Clean. In most non-strict languages the non-strictness extends to data constructors. This allows conceptually infinite data structures (such as the list of all prime numbers) to be manipulated in the same way as ordinary finite data structures. It also allows for the use of very large but finite data structures such as the complete game tree of chess. A.
Ruby programming language - Ruby programming language Ruby is a purely object-oriented programming language originally developed for scripting. It combines syntax inspired by Ada and Perl with Smalltalk-like object oriented features, and also shares some features with Python, Lisp and CLU. Ruby currently has only one implementation, the Ruby interpreter, although efforts are underway to implement a Ruby front end (called "Cardinal") for the Parrot virtual machine. Ruby has many useful features. Ruby also supports Operator overloading and Exception handling. Currently, Ruby lacks Unicode support. Ruby has Iterators (which resemble those in CLU and Sather). Ruby supports Closuress (also found in Smalltalk and many functional programming languages). Ruby has native, syntactic support for Perl-like regular expressions at the language level (not merely in libraries, as in Python or many other languages)..
Programming language - Programming language User:K.lee/Programming_language_rewrite has been proposed. Please council it when you plan to rewrite the article entirely. A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer. It is a set of syntactic and semantic rules used to define computer programs. A language enables a programmer to precisely specify what data a computer will act upon, how these data will be stored/transmitted, and precisely what actions to take under various circumstances. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 Features of a Programming Language 2.1 Data and Data Structures 2.2 Instruction and Control Flow 2.3 Reference Mechanisms and Re-use 2.4 Design Philosophies 3 History of programming languages 4 Classes of programming languages 5 Languages 6 Formal semantics 7 See also.
