Embalming - Embalming Embalming, in most modern cultures, is a process used to temporarily preserve a human cadaver to forestall decomposition and make it suitable for display at a funeral. It has a long history, and other cultures had embalming processes that had much greater religious meaning. History of embalming Embalming has been practiced in many cultures. In classical antiquity, perhaps the Old World culture that had developed embalming to the greatest extent was that of ancient Egypt, who developed the process of mummification. They believed that preservation of the mummy empowered the soul after death, which would return to the preserved corpse. Other cultures that had developed embalming processes include the Incas and other cultures of Peru, whose climate also favoured a form of mummification. Embalming in.
History of anatomy in ancient times - the highest antiquity, and pretend to find its first rudiments alternately in the animal sacrifices of the shepherd kings, the Jews and other ancient nations, and in the art of embalming as practiced by the Egyptian priests. The oldest anatomical treatise extant is an Egyptian papyrus probably written sixteen centuries before our era. It shows that the heart, vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys, ureters and bladder were recognized, and that the blood-vessels were known to come from the heart. Other vessels are described, some carrying air, some mucus, while two to the right ear are said to carry the breath of life, and two to the left ear the breath of death. Even the descriptions of wounds in the Iliad have been supposed adequate to prove that in the time of Homer.
Guanches - were monogamous. But everywhere the women appear to have been respected, an insult offered any woman by an armed man being a capital offence. Clothes and Weapons Almost all the Guanches used to wear garments of goat-skins, and others of vegetable fibres, which have been found in the tombs of Grand Canary. They had a taste for ornaments, necklaces of wood, bone and shells, worked in different designs. Beads of baked earth, cylindrical and of all shapes, with smooth or polished surfaces, mostly black and red in colour, were chiefly in use. They painted their bodies; the pintaderas, baked clay objects like seals in shape, have been explained by Dr Verneau as having been used solely for painting the body in various colours. They manufactured rough pottery, mostly without decorations, or.
Egyptian mythology - from Greek or Roman Mythology, in that in Egyptian Mythology most deities are of human body and animal head or vice versa. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Articles 2 Worship 2.1 Temples 3 The World 3.2 Creation 3.3 Heaven and earth 3.4 The Nile 4 The Afterlife 4.5 Egyptian embalming 4.6 Burial 4.7 The book of the dead 4.8 The weighing of the heart 5 External influences 5.9 Libyan period 5.10 Ptolemaic period 5.11 Roman period 6 The coming of monotheism The Articles Adim Aker Akh Amathaunta Ament Ammut Andjety Anget Ankt Anti Anubis Ap-uat Aten As Ba Ba-Pef Babi Bast Bes Buto Chem Chensit Chenti-cheti Chnum Dedun Djebauti Dua Duamutef Geb Hapi Harakhti Hathor Hatmehit Hedetet Heget Heh Hemen Hemsut Hesat Heron Hetepet Hez-ur Hike Horus Ihu Imiut Immutef.
Embalm - is usually credited to the Egyptians (c. 4000 BC) and their well-practiced art of mummification. Originally part of the religious preparation for the afterlife. Embalming is now used mainly to preserve a corpse for funereal viewing and ceremonies prior to interment..
Decomposition - a roughly descending degree of importance, those factors include: Temperature Access by insects Burial, and depth of burial Access by carnivores or rodents Trauma, including wounds and crushing blows Humidity, or dryness Rainfall Body size and weight Prior embalming Clothing The surface the body rests on Decomposition begins at the moment of death. At this stage it is caused by two factors: autolysis, the breaking down of tissues by the body's own internal chemicals and enzymes; and putrefaction, the breakdown of tissues by bacteria. These processes release gases that are the chief source of the characteristic odour of dead bodies. Insects and other animals are typically the next agent of decomposition, assuming the body is accessible to them. The most important insects that are typically involved in the process include the.
Aloes - another and more common species, called\nby Indians aghil, whence Europeans have given it the name of\nLignum aquile, or eagle-wood. Aloewood was used by the Egyptians\nfor embalming dead bodies. Nicodemus brought it (pounded\naloe-wood) to embalm the body of Christ (John 19:39); but\nwhether this was the same as that mentioned elsewhere is\nuncertain. The bitter aloes of the apothecary is the dried juice of the\nleaves Aloe vulgaris. From Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897).
Anubis - associated with the dead, but his role varies sometimes from one story to another. According to some stories, he leads the dead into Amenti (the Underworld) and to Osiris. In some stories he is the king of the Underworld. It appears that in some parts of Egypt, he was considered equal to Osiris in importance. Later, Anubis became lesser in importance compared to Osiris and took the role of holding the scales with which the souls of the dead were weighted against the feather of Ma'at. If the soul was as light as the feather, Anubis led the soul to Osiris; otherwise, it was fed to Ammit. In his embalming role, Anubis is known as Imy-ut ("he who is in the place where embalming occurs"). He guards the physical remains of.
Burials in the Valley of the Kings - Ramses I KV17 - Seti I KV18 - Ramses X KV19 - Mentuherkhepshef KV20 - Hatshepsut/Thutmose I KV34 - Thutmose III KV35 - Amenhotep II (later served as a mummy cache - see below) KV36 - Maiherpri KV38 - Thutmose I KV39 - Amenhotep I ? KV42 - Hatshepsut-Meryetre KV43 - Thutmose IV KV45 - Userhet KV46 - Yuya and Tjuyu (parents of Tiy) KV47 - Siptah KV48 - Amenemopet KV50 - animals, possibly pets of Amenhotep II KV51 - animals KV52 - animals KV54 - Tutankhamun embalming cache KV55 - Tiy and Smenkhkare/Akhenaten cache KV57 - Horemheb KV60 - Sitre In KV62 - Tutankhamun KVB-KVT - pits, some of which may have been intended as tombs, others were probably furerary deposits. West Valley WV22 - Amenhotep III WV23 - Ay.
Canopic jar - the jars themselves or their lids were made in the shape of the gods. The brain was extracted due to its rapid decomposition while the heart was often replaced by an amulet with the figure of Khepri, the scarab god, with ritual purposes for the future reincarnation of the dead person under the god's protection. Sometimes the covers of the jars were modeled after (or painted to resemble) the head of Anubis, the embalming god. These vases have an elongated form, and surviving examples of them can be seen in some museums. The canopic jars were buried in tombs together with the sarcophagus of the deceased, in order to preserve the integrity of the entire body after death (the viscera were extracted to prevent the putrefaction of the corpse). By extension,.
Camphor - found in Asia; it can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine. Modern uses include as a plasticizer for cellulose nitrate, as a moth repellent, in embalming, and in fireworks. Historically it has been used in medicine. In 1980, the Food and Drug Administration set a limit of 11% allowable camphor in consumer products and totally banned products labeled as camphorated oil, camphor oil, camphor liniment, and camphorated liniment. Camphor is readily absorbed through the skin and produces a feeling of warmth and acts as slight local anesthetic. Camphor is poisonous and can cause seizures, mental confusion, irritability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity. Since alternative treatments exist, medicinal use of camphor is disparaged. Other products derived from trees are sometimes sold as camphor..
Cryonics - organs are dead, and thus unable to allow cryoprotectants to reach the majority of cells. Cryonicists have empirically demonstrated, however, that so long as the cryopreservation process begins immediately after legal death is declared, the individual organs (and perhaps even the patient as a whole) remain biologically alive, and vitrification (particularly of the brain) is quite feasible. Critics have often quipped that it is easier to revive a corpse than a cryonically frozen body. Many cryonicists might actually agree with this, provided that the "corpse" were fresh, but would argue that such a "corpse" may actually be biologically alive, under optimal conditions. A declaration of legal death does not mean that life has suddenly ended--death is a gradual process, not a sudden event. Rather, legal death is a declaration by medical.
Pope John Paul I - would issue a new encyclical 'adapting' Humanæ Vitæ. However his sudden death meant that what his plans were will never be known. Among his first papal acts he intended preparing an encyclical to confirm the lines of Vatican Council II ("an extraordinary long-range historical event and of growth for the Church", he said) and to enforce the Church's discipline in the life of priests and faithful. In discipline he was a reformist, instead, and was the author of initiatives like the devolution of 1% of each church's entries in favor of the poor churches in the third world. The behind the scenes tensions that existed among those in the Vatican aware of his original document on contraception to Pope Paul exploded when the pope expressed a certain consideration for contraception after.
Nefertiti - is thought to have been a son of either Amenhotep III or Akhenaten, and was probably a younger brother of Smenkhkare. He married Nefertiti's daughter Ankhesenpaaten. The royal couple were young and inexperienced, by any estimation of their age. Some theories believe that Nefertiti was still alive and had an influence on them. If this is the case that influence and persumably her own life would have ended by year 3 of Tutankhaten's reign (1331 BC). In that year Tutankhaten changed his name to Tutankhamun, as evidence of his worship of Ammon, and abandoned Amarna to return the capital to Thebes. If Nefertiti was Tadukhipa she would be about thirty-five years old at the time. As can be seen by the suggested identifications between Tadukhipa, Nefertiti, Smenkhkare and Kiya, our records.
Methanol - Methanol is produced naturally in the anaerobic metabolism of many varieties of bacteria. As a result, there is a small fraction of methanol vapor in the atmosphere. Over the course of several days, atmospheric methanol is oxidized by oxygen and sunlight to carbon dioxide. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 1.1 References 2 Production 3 Uses 4 Health and safety 5 Physical Properties History In their embalming process, the ancient Egyptians used a mixture of substances, including methanol, which they obtained from the pyrolysis of wood. Pure methanol, however, was first isolated in 1661 by Robert Boyle, who called it wood alcohol. It later became known as pyroxylic spirit. In 1834, the French chemists Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Eugene Peligot determined its elemental composition. They also introduced the word methylene to organic.
Mummy - (Tollund Man), or desiccating dryness. The term is thought to be derived from the Arabic word mumiyah, meaning bitumen; bitumen was once thought to be used extensively in ancient Egyptian embalming procedures due to the blackened skin of unwrapped mummies, though this is now in doubt. Another possible source for the name is the Egyptian Coptic word mum, for wax; unlike bitumen beeswax really is extensively used in Egyptian embalming. The history of mummies The earliest 'mummified' individual dates back to approx 3300 BC, although it is not a 'true' mummy. The body is on display in the British Museum and has been given the nickname of 'Ginger' because he has red hair. Ginger was buried in the hot desert sand with maybe some stones piled on top to prevent the.
List of deities - of dead warriors Tlaloc - the great Rain and Fertility god Tlazolteotl - the goddess of Licentiousness Tonacatecuhtli - the creator and provider of Food Tonatiuh - Tonatiuh was a Sun god, the eagle, and heavenly warrior Xilonen - the goddess of young Maize Xipe Totec - the god of Seedtime Xochipilli - the god of Feasting and young Maize Yacatecuhtli - the god of Merchant Adventurers Bushongo mythology Bomazi Bumba Celtic mythology a more complete list can be found here. Belenus Bran Brigit Ceridwen Cernunos Dagda Danu Epona Gwydion Lugh Lyr Manannan mac Lir Morrigan Nemain Nuadha Ogma Chinese mythology Chang E Chi You Dragon Kings Eight Immortals Gong Gong Guanyin Guan Di Jade Emperor Three Pure Ones Nuwa Pangu Xi Wangmu Yi the Archer Zao Jun Chippewa mythology Nanabozho.
List of Egypt-related topics - of the Nile - Beb - Bedouin - Berenice II of Egypt - Bes - Beset - Bibliotheca Alexandrina -Book of the Dead - Budasheer - Burials in the Valley of the Kings - Busiris - Buto C Caesarion - Cairo - Camp David Accords (1978) - Canopic jar - Canopus - Howard Carter - Cartouche - Youssef Chahine - Jean-François Champollion - Chariot - Chem - Chensit - Chenti-cheti - Chnum - Chons - Chontamenti - Cleitarchus - Clement of Alexandria - Cleopatra - Cleopatra (movie) - Cleopatra I of Egypt - Cleopatra II of Egypt - Cleopatra VII of Egypt - Cleopatra Thea - Codex Sinaiticus - Communications in Egypt - Constantin François de Chasseboeuf, Comte de Volney - Conventional Egyptian chronology - Coptic alphabet - Coptic Christianity -.
