English-language editions of The Hobbit - English-language editions of The Hobbit This list contains only complete, printed English-language editions of The Hobbit. It is not for derived or unprinted works such as screenplays, graphic novels, or audio books. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Criteria for Separate Editions 2 Criteria for Variants 3 Described English-language Editions 4 Other Known English-language Editions Criteria for Separate Editions For this list, a printing is a 'separate edition' if any of the following criteria is met: The publisher declares it to be a new edition. Substantial changes to the text have been introduced beyond correcting typographical errors. A publisher prints the basic design for the first time. The dust jacket or cover design has changed appreciably. The height or width of the book has changed. The binding.
Identifying HMCo Editions of The Hobbit - Identifying HMCo Editions of The Hobbit In this description, "printing" and "impression" are used interchangeably. The first and second editions of The Hobbit, both British and American, are considered the most collectible and command the highest prices in the collectors' market. These volumes generally were printed in small runs and sold before The Hobbit reached cult status in the 1960s. Hence demand for them now vastly exceeds supply. Prices of the American edition tend to lag those of the British because they are not considered 'original' but also because of the extraordinary difficulty of identifying many of them. Unlike the British editions, the American editions generally do not state their printing or copyright date. Hence people cannot be sure what they have or might be buying and therefore.
The Hobbit - The Hobbit The Hobbit is a fantasy novel written by J. R. R. Tolkien in the tradition of fairy tales, originally written as a children's story and first published on September 21, 1937. It serves as a preface to The Lord of the Rings (published many years later in 1954 and 1955) and sets the stage for that work. The story, subtitled 'There and Back Again', follows the adventures of the hobbit Bilbo Baggins as he travels across the lands of Middle-earth with a band of Dwarves and a wizard named Gandalf on a quest to recover a dwarven kingdom complete with a great treasure stolen by the dragon, Smaug. Please be aware this page contains spoilers. In particular, the plot of The Hobbit is discussed.
A Dictionary of the English Language - A Dictionary of the English Language A Dictionary of the English Language, the first comprehensive dictionary of the English language, as compiled by Samuel Johnson, appeared in print in 1755. As of 2002 a first edition might sell for US$25,000 to US$30,000, but many later editions and facsimiles have appeared. In 1995 in the UK, a facsimile of the first edition cost £200 (approximately US$300). The dictionary responded to a large extent to a widely felt need for stability in the language. Work on the dictionary lasted for about eight or nine years. An important innovation was to illustrate the meaningss by literary quotation. Most frequently, Johnson quoted Shakespeare, Milton and Dryden. Unlike most modern lexicographers, Johnson sometimes introduced humour or prejudice into his definitions. Among the.
History of the English Bible - History of the English Bible This article is part of the History of the English Bible series. Overview of English translation Old English Bible translations Middle English Bible translations John Wyclif William Tyndale Great Bible Bishops' Bible Geneva Bible Douai Bible King James Version of the Bible Revised Standard Version New American Standard Version New English Bible New International Version New Revised Standard Version The following article originated as an excerpt from "The Study of the King James Bible by Cleland Boyd McAfee (1866-1944), first published 1912. McAfee's whole text is available online at http://www.gutenberg.org/index/by-author/mc0.html . The present text is now being edited for compatibility with Wikipedia's standards and other articles, and will come to differ from McAfee's original; some notes about difficulties with McAfee's text will.
Hobbit - Hobbit Hobbits are a fictional race from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth universe which first appears in the book The Hobbit. They also play a major role in The Lord of the Rings. Hobbits are described as about a yard tall, with furry feet, and fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, and socializing. Hobbits also liked to drink ale in inns, not unlike the English countryfolk, who were Tolkien's inspiration. We can also see that in the name Tolkien chose for the part of Middle-earth where the hobbits live: "The Shire" is clearly reminiscent of the English county names (e.g., Lancashire, Shropshire - see English Shire). Hobbits were evidently related to Men, and represented an offshoot of that race. Their exact origin is.
Fowler's Modern English Usage - Fowler's Modern English Usage Fowler's Modern English Usage, often referred to simply as Fowler, is the definitive style guide to British English usage. Fowler covers in detail many vexed issues of usage, from proper plurals and literary techniques to distinctions between similar words and the use of foreign terms. Henry W. Fowler concentrated on British usage, and set the standard for all usage books to follow. Fowler's first edition of 1926 remained in print for many years, but more recent editions have updated the book. Fowler's remark on the split infinitive is well-known: "The English-speaking world may be divided into those who neither know nor care what a split infinitive is, those who don't know, but care very much, those who know and approve, those who know and.
The sound pattern of English - The sound pattern of English The Sound Pattern of English is a work on phonology (a branch of linguistics) by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle. Chomsky and Halle present a view of phonology that, not surprisingly, fits in with the rest of Chomsky's early theories of language. Phonology is seen as a linguistic subsystem that takes the "surface structure" generated by the syntax, combined with phonological information stored in the lexicon, and yields the corresponding phonemic output. The Sound Pattern of English is the model used to derive features for the etymon and reflex alphabets used in Lee Hartman's innovative phonological historical change model "Phono", as described in Phono (Version 4.0): Software for Modeling Regular Historical Sound Change (In Actas [del] VIII Simposio Internacional de Comunicación Social, Santiago.
Languages of Middle-earth - by J. R. R. Tolkien and used in his books about Middle-earth, including The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. Together with poetry, they are the most important trait of his narrative. In effect, they were Tolkien's instrument in reaching his ultimate goal - the creation of a new mythology for England. In order to better understand the reasons for this, we should turn to Tolkien himself: in addition to being a gifted student of languages, he also had the ability to feel them. He favored Latin and Greek; he detested French; and he loved Finnish (he described the finding of a Finnish grammar book as "entering a complete wine-cellar filled with bottles of an amazing wine of a kind and flavour never tasted before", Letters, 214). Language-making.
Longest word in English - Longest word in English There are endless debates over what is the longest word in the English language, and these debates revolve around the terms of consideration. If scientific or technical terms are allowed wholesale, then there is a potential for words of indescribable length, particularly in regard to the naming of organic and biological compounds such as proteins, such as Methionylglutaminy...serine (q.v.). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Popular usage 2 A coined term 3 Other long words 4 Constructions 5 Technical terms 6 Place Names 7 Sesquipedalianism Popular usage Antidisestablishmentarianism (a movement opposed to the separation of church and state) at 28 letters is popularly believed to be the longest word. It is the "best-known". A coined term The word pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (defined as "a lung disease caused.
King James Version of the Bible - Version of the Bible This article is part of the History of the English Bible series. Old English Bible translations John Wyclif William Tyndale Great Bible Bishops' Bible Geneva Bible Douai Bible King James Version of the Bible Revised Standard Version New American Standard Version New English Bible New International Version New Revised Standard Version The King James Version or Authorised Version of the Holy Bible was a translation in English for the benefit of the Church of England at the behest of King James I of England. First published in 1611, it was the authorized version for use in the Church of England and became perhaps the most influential English version in America. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Starting the project 2 Literary qualities 3 Subsequent history 4 Copyright status.
J. R. R. Tolkien - 2, 1973) was an author and Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford from 1925 to 1945, and Professor of English Language and Literature from 1945 to 1959. He also wrote fiction and poetry for his entire adult life, and this latter pursuit has enhanced his fame. Outside academia, most people have come to know Tolkien as the author of The Lord of the Rings trilogy and of its precursor, The Hobbit . The enduring popularity and influence of these Middle-earth works have established Tolkien's reputation as the father of the modern high fantasy genre. He also did much critical work on Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. He belonged to the literary discussion group The Inklings, and had a close friendship with C. S. Lewis. Table of.
Japanese Wikipedia - It seems that Wikipedia started being multilingual in May 2001. According to the announcement [1], May, about 12 non-English editions have been created, including a Japanese one. The original site address was http://ja.wikipedia.com and all pages were written in latin characters, or Romaji, as the software did not work with Japanese characters. The first article was named "Nihongo No Funimekusu" (though incorrect, it was probably intented to mean onso taikei (phonemics.) and was written in entirely romaji. RoseParks, who was one of the initial members of Wikipedia, posted it in late March to early April. It seems the site had been in the test stage. Until late December in that year, there were only two pages. Japanization On September 1, 2002, the software hosting wikipedia was changed into so-called "Phase III".
Joshua Barnes - (January 10, 1654 - August 3, 1712), English scholar, was born in London. Educated at Christ's Hospital and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, he was in 1695 chosen regius professor of Greek, a language which he wrote and spoke with the utmost facility. One of his first publications was entitled Gerania; a New Discovery of a Little Sort of People, anciently discoursed of, called Pygmies (1675), a whimsical sketch to which Swift's Voyage to Lilliput possibly owes something. Among his other works are a History of that Most Victorious Monarch Edward III. (1688), in which he introduces long and elaborate speeches into the narrative; editions of Euripides (1694) and of Homer (1711), also one of Anacreon (1705) which contains titles of Greek verses of his own which he hoped to publish. He.
Joseph Justus Scaliger - a professor. As a teacher he was able not only to impart knowledge, but to kindle enthusiasm. It was to Dorat that Scaliger owed the home which he found for the next thirty years of his life. In 1563 the professor recommended him to Louis de Chastaigner, the young lord of La Roche Pozay, as a companion in his travels. A close friendship sprang up between the two young men, which remained unbroken till the death of Louis in 1595. The travellers first went to Rome. Here they found Marc Antoine Muretus, who, when at Bordeaux and Toulouse, had been a great favourite and occasional visitor of Julius Caesar at Agen. Muretus soon recognized Scaliger's merits, and introduced him to all the men that were worth knowing. After visiting a large.
Johann Gustav Droysen - master at the Graue Kloster (or Grey Friars), one of the oldest schools in Berlin; besides his work there he gave lectures at the university, from 1833 as Privatdozent, and from 1835 as professor, without a salary. During these years he was occupied with classical antiquity; he published a translation of Aeschylus and a paraphrase of Aristophanes, but the work by which he made himself known as a historian was his Geschichte Alexanders des Grossen (Berlin, 1833,- and other editions), a book which long remained probably the best work on the subject. It was in some ways the herald of a new school of German historical thought, for it shows that idealization of power and success which he had learnt from the teaching of Hegel. It was followed by other volumes.
John Sherren Brewer - Sherren Brewer (1810 - February, 1879) was an English historian. He was born in Norwich, the son of a Baptist schoolmaster. He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, ordained in the Church of England in 1837, and became chaplain to a central London workhouse. In 1839 he was appointed lecturer in classical literature at King's College, London, and in 1855 he became professor of English language and literature and lecturer in modern history, succeeding FD Maurice. From 1854 onwards, he combined these duties with journalistic work on the Morning Herald, Morning Post and Standard. In 1856 he was commissioned by the Master of the Rolls to prepare a calendar of the state papers of King Henry VIII, work demanding a vast amount of research. He was also made reader at the.
John William Donaldson - (June 7, 1811 - February 10, 1861), English philologist and biblical critic, was born in London. He was educated at University College, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge, of which society he subsequently became fellow. In 1841 he was elected headmaster of King Edward's school, Bury St Edmunds. In 1855 he resigned his post and returned to Cambridge, where his time was divided between literary work and private tuition. He is remembered as a pioneer of philology in England, and as a great scholar in his day, though much of his work is now obsolete. The New Cratylus (1839), the book on which his fame mainly rests, was an attempt to apply to the Greek language the principles of comparative philology. It was founded mainly on the comparative grammar of Bopp, but.
John Payne Collier - 11, 1789 - September 17, 1883), English Shakespearian critic, was born in London. His father, John Dyer Collier (1762-1825), was a successful journalist, and his connexion with the press obtained for his son a position on the Morning Chronicle as leader writer, dramatic critic and reporter, which continued till 1847; he was also for some time a reporter for The Times. He was summoned before the House of Commons in 1819 for giving an incorrect report of a speech by Joseph Hume. He entered the Middle Temple in 1811, but was not called to the bar until 1829. The delay was partly due to his indiscretion in publishing the Criticisms on the Bar (1819) by "Amicus Curiae." His leisure was given to the study of Shakespeare and the early English drama..
John Fell - Fell (1625 - July 10, 1686), was an English churchman. The son of Samuel Fell, dean of Christ Church, Oxford, he was born at Longworth in Berkshire and received his primary education at the free school at Thame in Oxfordshire. In 1636 he obtained a studentship at Christ Church, and in 1640 he was specially allowed by Archbishop William Laud because of his "known desert," when wanting one term's residence, to proceed to his degree of B. A. He obtained his M.A. in 1643 and took holy orders (deacon 1647, priest 1649). During the Civil War he bore arms for King Charles I of England and held a commission as ensign. In 1648 he was deprived of his studentship by the parliamentary visitors, and during the next few years he resided.
