English-only movement - English-only movement An English-only movement refers to political movements for establishing the English language as the only official language in the United States. "Movement" here is a loose collective term, as the idea has had incarnations in different political eras. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The earliest English-only movement 2 The modern English-only movement 3 Actual situation 4 See also 5 External Links The earliest English-only movement In 1803, by the Louisiana Purchase, the United States acquired French-speaking populations in Louisiana. After the Mexican-American War, the United States acquired Spanish (about 75,000) and American Native-speaking populations, as well. An 1847 law authorized French–English instruction in public schools in Louisiana. In 1849, the California constitution recognized Spanish language rights. French language rights were abolished after the American.
History of the English Bible - History of the English Bible This article is part of the History of the English Bible series. Overview of English translation Old English Bible translations Middle English Bible translations John Wyclif William Tyndale Great Bible Bishops' Bible Geneva Bible Douai Bible King James Version of the Bible Revised Standard Version New American Standard Version New English Bible New International Version New Revised Standard Version The following article originated as an excerpt from "The Study of the King James Bible by Cleland Boyd McAfee (1866-1944), first published 1912. McAfee's whole text is available online at http://www.gutenberg.org/index/by-author/mc0.html . The present text is now being edited for compatibility with Wikipedia's standards and other articles, and will come to differ from McAfee's original; some notes about difficulties with McAfee's text will.
History of Quebec sovereignist movement - History of Quebec sovereignist movement The history of the Quebec sovereignist movement began with the foundation of the Sovereignty-Association Movement (MSA) by René Lévesque on November 19, 1967. Formerly a member of the Liberal Party of Quebec, René Lévesque quit the party with a few hundred others after his proposal of a sovereign Quebec associated to the rest of Canada was rejected during a party convention. The MSA quickly began to move for a merger of all the independence movements in Quebec, which at the time were the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) and the Ralliement national (RN). In January 1968, the MSA published the manifesto Option Québec. From April 19 to 21, it held its first Congrès d'orientation with its 7300 members. The convention led to the publication.
English school of painting - English school of painting The English school of painting is an expression for English (or British) painters who produced characteristically English paintings. Generally, the term "school" is used to designate a special collection of traditions and processes, a particular method, a peculiar style in design, and an equally peculiar taste in coloring - all contributing to the representation of a national ideal existing in the minds of native artists at the same time. However, the term cannot be used in this way to characterize English art, because there is an absence of any national tradition that strikes one most forcibly in studying English painting. Each English painter seems to stand by himself - isolated from his brother artists. For the sake of brevity, all these separate.
Vegetarianism - refuse to eat cheese made with animal-based enzymes, or eggs produced by factory farms. Lacto vegetarianism refers to the practice of eschewing all meat, yet allowing the consumption of milk and its derivatives, like cheese, butter or yoghurt. Similarly ovo-vegetarians presumably only eat eggs in addition to their otherwise strictly vegetarian regimen. Pesco vegetarianism refers to the increasingly common practice of occasionally including some seafood, primarily fish, in one's diet. This is the diet practiced, with occasional supplementation of dairy products, by the integrated medicine practitioner Andrew Weil, M.D. and advocated by his books Eating Well for Optimum Health. (This is not true vegetarianism) In the United States, vegetarianism is usually synonymous with ovo-lacto vegetarianism; and will sometimes be assumed to tolerate some meat, for instance, chicken (or "at least" fish)..
King James Version of the Bible - Version of the Bible This article is part of the History of the English Bible series. Old English Bible translations John Wyclif William Tyndale Great Bible Bishops' Bible Geneva Bible Douai Bible King James Version of the Bible Revised Standard Version New American Standard Version New English Bible New International Version New Revised Standard Version The King James Version or Authorised Version of the Holy Bible was a translation in English for the benefit of the Church of England at the behest of King James I of England. First published in 1611, it was the authorized version for use in the Church of England and became perhaps the most influential English version in America. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Starting the project 2 Literary qualities 3 Subsequent history 4 Copyright status.
Kitsch - German term that has been taken over into English that categorizes art that is considered to be of "bad taste"; whether overly mundane, folksy, commercial, or pretentious. Because the word was brought into use as a response to a large amount of art in the 19th century where the aesthetic of art work was confused with a sense of exaggerated sentimentality or melodrama, its most closely associated with art that is sentimental, mawkish, or maudlin; however, it can be used to refer to any type of art which is defficient for similar reasons--whether it tries to appear "sentimental", "cool", "glamorous", "theatrical", or "creative", kitsch is said to be a gesture imitative of the superficial appearances of art. It's often said that kitsch relies on merely repeating convention and formula, lacking the.
Krishna - by his foster mother Yasoda in a cow herding community within Vrindavan forest. A number of children's stories are derived from this source. He is known as Gopala, the cowherd, due to this upbringing. Stories of Krishna's childhood and youth depict him as mischievous and clever, stealing butter, and breaking pots for ghee, and playing transcendental pranks. As he grows, the stories come to include his play with the gopis of the village. Krishna the prince Krishna as a young man returned to Mathura, overthrew his uncle Kamsa, and became ruler of the Yadavas at Mathura. With his elder brother Balarama, he ruled there. In this period he became a friend of Arjuna and the other Pandava princes of the Kuru kingdom on the other side of the Yamuna. Later, he.
Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610 (Monteverdi) - into separate choirs in others while accompanying seven different soloists during the course of the piece. Interestingly, solo parts are included for violin and cornetto, but the ripieno instrumentation is not specified by Monterverdi. Additionally, Monteverdi did not specify a specific set of plainchant antiphons to insert before each psalm and the concluding Magnificat. This allows the performers to tailor the music according to the available insturmental forces and the occasion of the performance (the particular feast day's liturgy would have included suggested antiphons that could be chanted before Monterverdi's psalm settings). Monterverdi's unique approach to each movement of the Vespers earned the work a place in history, The work not only presents intimate, prayerful moments within its monumental scale, but it also incorporates secular music in this decidedly religious performance.
Jan Hus - born in Southern Bohemia in 1369. He initiated a religious movement based on the ideas of John Wyclif. His followers became known as Hussites. The Catholic Church did not condone such uprisings, and Hus was excommunicated in 1411 and burned at the stake in Constance on July 6, 1415. He was condemned by the Council of Constance. Hus is considered by many to be a precursor to the Protestant movement. His extensive writings earn him a promiment place in Czech literary history. He is also responsible for introducing the use of accents (especially the hacek) into Czech spelling in order to represent each sound by a single symbols. Today, a statue of Jan Hus can be seen at the Prague old town square, the Staromestske námestí. Text to integrate, not claiming.
Jadavpur University - Faculty goes from strength to strength in its teaching programmes and research in frontier areas of knowledge. The Arts Faculty boasts many Departments of Special Assistance, including English and Comparative Literature, and has the only Department of Film Studies in the subcontinent. Research in inter-disciplinary and emerging areas happens to be one of its hallmarks. Jadavpur University is in Kolkata, famous for its cultural and intellectual heritage. It had been the capital of British India for a long time, and has been a major centre of the Indian struggle for independence. Jadavpur University is a direct descendant of the movement for indigenous education in the modern sector, and the spirit is still strong in its programmes and practices..
James Martineau - 21, 1805 - January 11, 1900) was an English philosopher. He was born at Norwich, the seventh child of Thomas Martineau and Elizabeth Rankin, the sixth, his senior by almost three years, being his sister Harriet. They were descended from Gaston Martineau, a Huguenot surgeon and refugee, who married Marie Pierre in 1693, and settled in Norwich. His son and grandson--respectively the great-grandfather and grandfather of James Martineau--were surgeons in the same city, while his father was a manufacturer and merchant. James was educated at Norwich Grammar School under Edward Valpy, as good a scholar as his better-known brother Richard, but proved too sensitive for state school. He was sent to Bristol to the private academy of Dr Lant Carpenter, under whom he studied for two years. On leaving he was.
James Hope-Scott - - April 29, 1873) was an English barrister and Tractarian. He was born at Great Marlow, Berkshire, the third son of Sir Alexander Hope, and grandson of the second earl of Hopetoun. He was educated at Eton College and Oxford, where he was a contemporary and friend of William Ewart Gladstone and John Henry Newman. In 1838 he was called to the bar. Between 1840 and 1843 he helped to found Trinity College, Glenalmond. He was one of the leaders of the Tractarian movement and entirely in Newman's confidence. In 1851 he was received with Manning into the Roman Catholic Church. At this time he was making a very large income at the Parliamentary bar, He only commenced serious practice in this branch of his profession in 1843, but by the.
James Connolly (athlete) - born to Irish-Catholic parents, one of twelve children, in South Boston. Growing up at a time when the parks and playground movement in Boston was slowly developing, Connolly joined other boys in the streets and vacant lots to run, jump, and play ball. After completing his education first at Notre Dame Academy and then at the Mather and Lawrence grammar schools of his district, Connolly had spent time as a clerk with an insurance company in Boston and later with the U.S. Corps of Engineers in Savannah, Georgia. His predisposition to sport, and his impact on the community, soon became apparent. Calling a special meeting of the Catholic Library Association (CLA) of Savannah in 1891, he was instrumental in forming a football team. Soon thereafter, Connolly was elected Captain of the.
Jaeger-LeCoultre - measure and the final ascendancy of the metric system for watch making. Antoine's belief that "we must base our experience on science" led the Manufacture to create the finest ebauche possible, allowing the artisan watchmaker to assemble and decorate the watch as appropriate. Early Years The achievements of the early company were impressive: the keyless winding system of 1847, a Gold Medal at the first Universal Exhibition in London of 1851, the 1.38 mm thick pocket watch movement, the 2.8 mm chronograph movement and the 2.7 mm minute-repeater all of 1903. Amusingly, the invention of the keyless winding and setting technology is publicly claimed by many including Breguet in 1830 and Patek Phillipe in 1845. As if in conclusion David Landes writes that ?Philippe?s winding mechanism opend the way to acceptance,.
James Graham, Marquis of Montrose - nature, but he shared in the ill-feeling aroused in the Scottish nobility by the political authority given by Charles to the bishops, and by Hamiltons influence with the king, and also in the general indignation at the scheme of imposing upon Scotland a liturgy which had been drawn up at the instigation of the English court and corrected by Archbishop Laud. He signed the Covenant, and was told off to suppress the opposition to the popular cause which arose around Aberdeen and in the country of the Gordons. Three times, in July 1638, and in March and June 1639, Montrose entered Aberdeen, where he succeeded in effecting his object, on the second occasion carrying off the head of the Gordons, the marquess of Huntly, as a prisoner to Edinburgh, though in.
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose - but he shared in the ill-feeling aroused in the Scottish nobility by the political authority given by Charles to the bishops, and by Hamilton's influence with the king, and also in the general indignation at the scheme of imposing upon Scotland a liturgy which had been drawn up at the instigation of the English court and corrected by Archbishop Laud. He signed the Covenant, and was told off to suppress the opposition to the popular cause which arose around Aberdeen and in the country of the Gordons. Three times, in July 1638, and in March and June 1639, Montrose entered Aberdeen, where he succeeded in effecting his object, on the second occasion carrying off the head of the Gordons, the marquess of Huntly, as a prisoner to Edinburgh, though in so.
Jewish Renewal - is an approach to Judaism that can be found within segments of any of the Jewish denominations. The term also refers to what is emerging as a distinct Jewish movement, the Jewish Renewal movement, led by rabbis Arthur Waskow and Zalman Schachter-Shalomi. This Jewish Renewal movement casts Kabbalistic and Hasidic theory and practice within a non-Orthodox, egalitarian framework. This movement incorporates such liberal social phenomena as feminism, environmentalism and pacifism, and adds to traditional worship ecstatic practices such as meditation, chant and dance. In seeking to augment Jewish ritual, Renewal Jews occasionally borrow elements from Buddhism, Sufism, Native American religion, and other faiths. History Jewish Renewal, in its most general sense, has its origins in the North American Jewish counter-cultural trends of the late 1960s and early 1970s. During this period,.
Jean Lambert Tallien - began his legislative career by defending the conduct of the Commune during the massacres. He took his seat upon the Mountain, and showed himself one of the most vigorous Jacobins, particularly in his defence of Marat, on February 26, 1793; he voted for the execution of the king, and was elected a member of the Committee of General Security on January 21, 1793. After a short mission in the western provinces he returned to Paris, and took an active part in the coups d'état of May 31 and June 2, which resulted in the overthrow of the Girondists. For the next few months he remained comparatively quiet, but on September 23 1793, he was sent with Claude Alexandre Ysabeau (1754-1831) on his mission to Bordeaux. This was the month in which.
Jiang Zemin - constitution. Background Jiang was a member of the Communist student underground after participation in the nation-wide university movement in 1947, achieving party membership in 1946, and graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University. A mechanical engineer, Jiang received his training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s. Considered very urbane and worldly for a Chinese Communist leader, the former Ambassador to Romania and Mayor of Shanghai, China's most cosmopolitan city, is fluent in Romanian and Russian; and capable of engaging foreign dignitaries with his grounding in Japanese, French, and English language and literature. Ascendancy Jiang was a compromise candidate chosen by Deng Xiaoping, Li Peng, Chen Yun, and the retired elders on March 27, 1993 to replace the more liberal Zhao Ziyang, who was considered too conciliatory to student protestors..
