Fair use - Fair use The fair use doctrine is a body of law and court decisions which provide limitations and exceptions to copyright. It is a provision in the United States and a handful of other countries' copyright law. Fair use attempts to balance the interests of copyright holders with the public interest in the wider distribution and use of creative works, by allowing certain limited uses that might otherwise be considered infringement. Similar copyright exemptions can be found in many nations' copyright statutes. Most common law countries have a related doctrine known as "fair dealing". The main difference is that "fair use" tends to be an open-ended legal doctrine (the US copyright statute provides factors which contribute to fair use), while "fair dealing" is defined in a.
George Westinghouse - 1846 - March 12 1914) was a conscientious employer and fair entrepreneur. The name of Westinghouse is as or more familiar as that of Edison, but only as a trademark and company name. Thomas Alva Edison remains a famous public figure but his contemporary George Westinghouse is now largely anonymous. This is somewhat strange, since the accomplishments of both men were comparable in breadth and importance. Early years George Westinghouse was born in Central Bridge, New York, on October 6 1846. In the mid-1850s, his father, George Westinghouse Senior, established a factory in Schenectady, New York, where young George learned about mechanics, manufacturing, management, and business. After the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the 15-year-old George ran away with two of his brothers to fight for the Union.
Giuseppe Garibaldi - with making the unification of Italy possible. He died at Caprera. The following is the complete text of a relevant chapter (ch. 13) from Young People's History of the World for the Past One Hundred Years, by Charles Morris, LL.D; published 1902 by W.E. Scull. (Transcribed for Wikipedia by SteveSmith.) The following should be edited and merged with the above article Garibaldi and the Unification of Italy Lack of Italian Unity From the time of the fall of the Roman Empire until late in the nineteenth century, a period of some fourteen hundred years, Italy remained disunited, divided up between a series of states, small and large, hostile and peaceful, while its territory was made the battlefield of the surrounding powers, the helpless prey of Germany, France, and Spain. Even the.
Fair dealing - Fair dealing Fair dealing is a doctrine of limitations and exceptions to copyright which is found in many of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth of Nations (the former British Empire). Fair dealing is an enumerated set of possible defenses against an action for infringement of an exclusive right of copyright. Unlike the related United States doctrine of fair use, fair dealing cannot apply to any act which does not fall within one of these categories. In practice, common law courts might rule that actions with a commercial character, which might be naively assumed to fall into one of these categories, were in fact infringements of copyright as fair dealing is not as flexible concept as the American concept of fair use. Table of contents.
Fairlie - curvature of the track. Fuel and water were carried on the locomotive, in the form of side tanks beside each boiler for the water, and bunkers for the fuel above them. Early Fairlie locomotives were rather unsuccessful, examples being built for the Neath and Brecon Railway and the Queensland Railway in Australia being notably unsuccessful, in the latter case resulting in locomotives being returned to the builder. However, in 1869 Fairlie's company built a locomotive, named Little Wonder (Fairlie was not an individual given to modesty) for the Ffestiniog Railway, a slate hauler in north Wales, and this one proved to be an outstanding success. Particularly important for a narrow gauge line as small as the Ffestiniog, whose gauge was the minuscule one of 1'11˝", was the fact that the Fairlie.
Fair market - Fair market The fair market system was developed in recent years as a response to the percieved injustices in capitalism and alternative to other opposing economies. Other opposing economies include collectivisation of control of earned individual wealth, either in the form of industries financed with their own labor, or in the form of personal possessions. Either are considered unjust. The proponents of the fair market believe that the origin of most economic inequality was the forcible appropriation of natural resources and to a lesser extent produced goods, by the state and other aggressors. Monopolisation of natural resources placed many populations in dependence on the state, often the feudalistic proto-states of medieval Europe. Without land to grow food, a person becomes dependent on others for survival. They.
1964 New York World's Fair - 1964 New York World's Fair The 1964/1965 New York World's Fair was the second World's Fair to be held at Flushing Meadows Park in the Borough of Queens, New York in the 20th century. It opened on April 12, 1964 for two six-month seasons concluding on October 21, 1965. It was the largest World's Fair ever to be held in the United States occupying nearly a square mile of land. Truly a “Universal and International” class exposition, it was not sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) and is often overlooked by historians because it was not an "official" World's Fair. This lack of BIE endorsement meant that many large European nations such as Great Britain, France and Germany, as well as Canada and Australia, chose not to participate.
Advance Australia Fair - Advance Australia Fair "Advance Australia Fair" is the official national anthem of Australia. Originally composed by Peter Dodds McCormick in the late 19th century (first performance at Sydney on St Andrew's Day,1878), it emerged as the most popular choice for the national anthem after an opinion poll in 1974 (the Australian Bureau of Statistics polled 60,000 nationally) and the National Song Poll in 1977 (where it garnered 43.6% of the vote) against "Waltzing Matilda" (which attracted 28.5% of the votes), the "Song Of Australia" (9.7%), and the then-current "God Save the Queen" (18.7%). It was eventually officially adopted as the national anthem by the Governor-General in 1984. In the process, the second, fourth, and fifth verses were dropped from the "official" version, as they emphasised the British aspects.
Ken Livingstone - contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 GLC leadership 2 Livingstone in Parliament 3 London's first Mayor 4 Recent events GLC leadership In the election of May 7 1981, the Labour Party won control of the GLC, with moderate Labourite Andrew McIntosh (later Lord McIntosh) as leader. The day after the election, Livingstone challenged McIntosh for the leadership, defeating him by 30 votes to 20. The GLC immediately set about reducing the exorbitantly high bus and London Underground fares, subsidised by an increase in real estate taxes; this was dubbed the "Fares Fair" policy. Although the measure was generally popular and led to an increase in the use of public transportation, it was challenged by the Conservative-controlled council of Bromley (which covers a part of London which has no London Underground stations) and struck down.
Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation - photographer and a search engine company. As of September, 2003, it appears that US search engines may use thumbnails of images (size limits still not determined) and the issue of inline linking to full size images instead of going to the original site is unresolved. Caution suggests obtaining legal advice; linking to the original site in its own window appears a safe choice; with requesting permission remaining the most prudent course of action. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Facts 2 Case history 3 Fair use analysis 3.1 Purpose and character of the use. 3.2 Nature of the copyrighted work. 3.3 Amount and substantiality of portion used. 3.4 Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. 4 Result of the analysis 5.
Kerikeri - up'. What are now called Wharepuke Falls, upriver from the Stone Store Basin, were called the Kerikeri Falls until the 1930s when given the name Wharepoke which referred to the large adjacent area of native bush/trees. A French doctor, Messier Lesson, visited Kerikeri in 1824 and wrote that among stomach ailments suffered by Maori was "gravelle" (gravel) which they called Kiddee Kiddee. He said it was also the word for a cascade of water. To cloud the issue there have been some persistent claims that the falls referred to by the missionaries as 'the kiddikiddi' were what we now call the Rainbow Falls. That is impossible because although Nicholson visited and referred to Tecaddiecaddie in 1815 it was not until 1822 that the Rainbow Falls were "discovered" by the missionaries Francis.
Jacques Callot - spectacular landscapes. See, for instance, "The Temptations of St. Anthony". His seamless transitions in shading and use of different tones were seminal to etchings and prints; only Albrecht Durer was his equal. His work was a record of the times; compare "The Fair at Gondreville (1624) with "The Battle of Avigliana" External Links "Temptation of Saint Anthony" from the Hermitage Museum. Jacques Callot on the Internet from Artcyclopedia..
Jack London - was fortunate in the timing of his writing career. He started just as new printing technologies enabled lower-cost production of magazines. This resulted in a boom in popular magazines aimed at a wide public, and a strong market for short fiction. The first issue of The Atlantic Monthly contained Jack London's story, "An Odyssey of the North." In 1900, he made $2,500 in writing, the equivalent of about $50,000 today. His career was well under way. Accusations of plagiarism Jack London was accused of plagiarism numerous times during his career. He was vulnerable, not only because he was such a conspicuous and successful writer, but also because of his methods of working. In a letter to Elwyn Hoffman he wrote "expression, you see—with me—is far easier than invention." He purchased plots.
Jet engine - relatively small mass of air and accelerates it by a large amount, whereas a propellor takes a large mass of air and accelerates it by a small amount. The efficiency of the process, like any heat engine, is defined by the ratio of the compressed air's volume to the exhaust volume. The advantage of the jet engine is its efficiency at high speeds (especially supersonic) and high altitudes. On slower aircraft, a propeller (powered by a gas turbine), commonly known as a turboprop is more common. Very small aircraft generally use conventional piston engines to drive a propellor. History The earliest attempts at jet engines were hybrid designs, where the compression was supplied by an external power source. In this system (called a thermojet by Secondo Campini) the air is compressed.
Jet lag - which direction of travel is worse. Some believe that travelling east is worse as it "accelerates" the passage through various time zones (a night might only last 3 hours when flying east). Others counter that the impact is worse when one travels away from one's "habitual" time zone, and is minimised when returning to it. Prevention and recovery Recent research shows that a pineal hormone, melatonin, is potentially effective in prevention and treatment of jet-lag. It appears to be safe in short term use [1] A lot of remedies of various nature are marketed but rarely effective. Their safety has not been scientifically established. The condition of jet lag generally lasts a few days or more, and medical experts have deemed that a recovery rate of "one day per time zone".
John Wyclif - belonged, first as scholar, then as master. He attained the headship no later than 1360. Early Career When he was presented by the college (1361) with the parish of Fylingham in Lincolnshire, he had to give up the leadership of Balliol, though he could continue to live at Oxford; he is said to have had rooms in the buildings of Queen's. His university career followed the usual course. While as baccalaureate he busied himself with natural science and mathematics, as master he had the right to read in philosophy. More significant was his interest in Bible study, which he pursued after becoming bachelor in theology. His performance led Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, to place him at the head of Canterbury Hall in 1365; there, twelve young men were preparing for.
John Knox - died at Edinburgh on November 24, 1572. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early life 2 Conversion to Protestantism 3 Ministry at St. Andrews 4 Confinement in the French Galleys Early life His father was William Knox, of fair, though not distinguished, descent, who fought at the Battle of Flodden, and had his home in the county of Haddington. His mother's name was Sinclair. He received the elements of a liberal education in Haddington, which possessed an excellent grammar school-- one of those schools originally monastic and due to the public spirit which, at least as regards education, animated the Scottish Church even before the Reformation. Thence he proceeded either to the University of Glasgow, where the name "John Knox" occurs among the incorporati in 1522, or to St. Andrews, where he.
Jolt Cola - white with a colored outline and a yellow lightning bolt going through the letter "O". Originally, Jolt Cola was fairly controversial, especially among parents. Its early advertisements tended to use a fair amount of sex appeal to attract potential young (probably male) customers. Early production of Jolt Cola may have had more sugar than the current formula, but it certainly isn't lacking too much. Jolt Cola has about the same amount of caffeine as regular coffee (but not as much as espresso or other specialty coffees). Jolt Cola is a favorite drink among computer programmers and hackers. Jolt Cola was originally made by The Jolt Cola Company of Rochester, New York; it is now made by Wet Planet Beverages, also of Rochester. See also: Pepsi, Coca-Cola, Mountain Dew.
Johnston-Ruyer Back Therapy - can be applied in some form even (and especially) while suffering from back pain, since, when properly performed, they can provide a degree of immediate relief by helping the patient to use their back muscles much less while they are performing ordinary activities. The most effective proof of the method often comes when patients in great pain find they can move, for example rising up from a chair, without pain if they follow the prescribed movements for doing so very precisely. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Evolution and our back 2 Using Other Muscles More 3 The Basic Program 4 The Stages of Rising From a Chair 5 Other Exercises Evolution and our back Evolution is usually a very gradual process but human evolution, while taking millions of years, has been.
Johann Reuchlin - took his master's degree (1477), and began to lecture with success, teaching a more classical Latin than was then common in German schools, and explaining Aristotle in Greek. His studies in this language had been continued at Basel under Andronicus Contoblacas, and here he formed the acquaintance of the bookseller, Johann Amorbach, for whom he prepared a Latin lexicon (Vocabularius Breviloquus, 1st ed, 1475-76), which ran through many editions. This first publication, and Reuchlin's account of his teaching at Basel in a letter to Cardinal Adrian (Adriano Castellesi) in February 1518, show that he had already found his life's work. He was a born teacher, and this work was not to be done mainly from the professor's chair. Reuchlin soon left Basel to seek further Greek training with George Hieronymus at.
