File transfer protocol - File transfer protocol The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a part of the Internet protocol suite that is able to transfer computer files between machines with widely different operating systems. It is an 8-bit protocol, capable of handling any type of file without further processing such as MIME or UUEncode. However, FTP has extremely high latency; that is, the time between beginning the request and starting to receive the required data can be quite long, and a sometimes-lengthy login procedure is required. OSI model Application layer FTP SMTP HTTP ... Transport layer TCP UDP Network layer IP ICMP ARP data link layer Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ... FTP is standardized in RFC 0959 by the IETF as: RFC 0959 File Transfer Protocol (FTP). J. Postel, J..
Trivial File Transfer Protocol - Trivial File Transfer Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a very simple file transfer protocol akin to a basic version of FTP. TFTP is often used to transfer small files between hosts on a network, such as when a remote X Window System terminal or dumb terminal boots from a network host or server. It utilises UDP as its transport protocol. Further details of TFTP are specifed under Standard 33 or RFC 1350..
File sharing - File sharing File-sharing software is used to directly or indirectly transfer files from one computer to another over the Internet, over a smaller Intranet, or across simple networks following the peer-to-peer (P2P) model. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 File-sharing programs 2 File-sharing dynamics 3 Privacy concerns 4 Early models for file sharing 5 File sharing and copyright 6 List of file-sharing utilities 7 Categories of clients: 8 Communities and external links 8.1 Portals 8.2 Mailing Lists 8.3 Newsgroups 8.4 Papers, Articles and Infant Projects 9 Credit File-sharing programs A variety of file-sharing programss is available on several different networks. Availability depends partly on operating system, and different networks have different features (for example, multiple-source downloads, different sorts of search limiting, and so on). Several major file-sharing.
Communications protocol - Communications protocol In networking, a communications protocol or network protocol is the specification of a set of rules for a particular type of communication. Different protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication; taken together, these form a protocol stack. The terms "protocol" and "protocol stack" also refer to the software that implements a protocol. Most recent protocols are assigned by the IETF for internet communications, and the IEEE, or the ISO organizations for other types. The ITU-T handles telecommunications protocols and formats. Index page for network protocols and protocol layers, categorised by the nearest matching layers of the OSI seven layer model. Systems engineering principles have been applied to design network protocols. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Protocol Families 2 Individual Protocols 2.1 Layer 1.
Transmission Control Protocol - Transmission Control Protocol Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented, reliable delivery byte-stream transport layer protocol currently documented by IETF RFC 793. In the TCP/IP model, TCP provides an interface between a network layer below and an application layer above. Applications send streams of 8-bit bytes to TCP for delivery onto the network. TCP delineates the byte stream into appropriately sized segments, usually defined by a maximum transmission unit (MTU) size used by the data link layer below. OSI model Application layer FTP SMTP HTTP ... Transport layer TCP UDP Network layer IP ICMP ARP data link layer Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ... Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Protocol Operation 1.1 Connection establishment 1.2 Data transfer 1.3 Connection termination 2 TCP ports 3 TCP development 4 Alternatives to.
Kermit - Kermit Kermit is a computer file transfer/management protocol and a set of communications software tools; it provides a consistent approach to file transfer, terminal emulation, script programming, and character set conversion across many different computer hardware and OS platforms. Kermit was developed at Columbia University in 1981 to allow students to use removable media to hold mainframe files and use remote terminals with DEC PDP-20 machines. This emerged into having the same software package on every computer, all based on the PDP-20 Kermit. The MS-DOS version of Kermit was developed the same year. Over the more than 20 years since its inception, the Kermit protocol has evolved into a worldwide de facto data communications standard, and the software has been used for tasks ranging from simple student assignments to.
Internet slang - be"; from the C programming language logic operation 'OR' “ ” and 'NOT' “ ! ”. 4 - for AFAIC --- "as far as I'm concerned", or "as far as I care", or "as far as I can..." AFAIK --- "as far as I know" AFAIR --- "as far as I recall", or "as far as I remember" AFK --- "away from keyboard" ASAP --- "as soon as possible" BBL --- "be back later" BBS --- "be back soon"; also "bulletin board service" BFD --- "big fucking deal" BRB --- "be right back" (usually used in chats and on an instant messenger service). BTW --- "by the way" B2B --- "Business to Business" C&V --- Chapter & Verse. Used in newsgroups. CN>K --- a Unix-ism meaning "coffee through nose into keyboard".
Intranet strategies - internally in an organization. An intranet uses the same concepts and technologies as the world wide web and internet. This includes web browsers and servers running on the internet protocol suite and using internet protocols such as ftp, TCP/IP, HTML and email. Role of intranets Intranets are generally used for four types of applications: 1) Communication and collaboration send and receive e-mail, faxes, voice mail, and paging discussion rooms and chat rooms audio and video conferencing virtual team meetings and project collaboration 2) Web publishing develop and publish hyperlinked multi-media documents such as: policy manuals company newsletters product catalogs technical drawing training material telephone directories 3) Business operations and management order processing inventory control production setup and control management information systems database access 4) Intranet portal management centrally administer all network.
IrOBEX - IrOBEX IrOBEX (or just OBEX) is a communications protocol that facilitates the exchange of binary objects between devices. It is maintained by the Infrared Data Association but has also been adopted by the Bluetooth SIG and the SyncML wing of the OMA. One of OBEX's earliest popular applications was in the Palm III personal digital assistant. This PDA and its many successors use OBEX to exchange business cards, data, even applications. OBEX is similar in design and function to HTTP in that a client uses a reliable transport to connect to a server and may then request or provide objects. But OBEX differs in many important respects: Transports. HTTP is normally layered above a TCP/IP port. OBEX is commonly implemented over an IrLAP/IrLMP/Tiny TP stack on an IrDA device. In Bluetooth,.
History of the Internet - provide service to the regional research networks and provide alternate network access (like UUCP-based email and Usenet News) to the public. The interest in commercial use of the Internet became a hotly-debated topic. Although commercial use was forbidden, the exact definition of commercial use could be unclear and subjective. Everyone agreed that one company sending an invoice to another company was clearly commercial use, but anything less was up for debate. The alternate networks, like UUCP, had no such restrictions, so many people were skirting grey areas in the interconnection of the various networks. Many university users were outraged at the idea of non-educational use of their networks. Ironically it was the commercial Internet service providers who brought prices low enough that junior colleges and other schools could afford to participate.
HTTP - HTTP HTTP (for HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the primary method used to communicate information on the World Wide Web. The specification is currently maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). OSI model Application layer FTP SMTP HTTP ... Transport layer TCP UDP Network layer IP ICMP ARP Data link layer Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ... HTTP is a request/response protocol between clients and servers. An HTTP client, such as a web browser, initiates a request by connecting to (usually) TCP/IP port 80. The client then sends a request string, such as "GET / HTTP/1.1" (which would request the default page of that web server). The server would then respond with a file (or error message). The file sent by the server is preceded by an HTTP Header, which.
GiFT - GiFT giFT stands for giFT: Internet File Transfer. It is a daemon that is intended to act as a bridge to combine the capability of using several (peer-to-peer or otherwise) file sharing protocols for a simple GUI client. It uses the 'plugin' paradigm to dynamically load different protocols for a client as and when required. The currently supported networks include Gnutella and OpenFT, giFT's own file sharing network. A FastTrack network (used by Kazaa) plugin is in beta, and an OpenNap plugin is in the works. (see below for links.) A lightweight protocol is used by clients to communicate with the giFT process, allowing the protocol code to be completely abstracted from the user interface. There are already several GUI front-ends available for giFT for use under both Windows, Macintosh, and.
Fidonet - Fidonet Fidonet is an inter-connecting file and message transport system used by BBSss before the explosion of the Internet. It was originally founded in 1984 by Tom Jennings as a means to network the "Fido" BBS software he developed. Later other BBS software that supported the same protocol was added to the net. The Fidonet is (usually) a dialup based system, where the nodes connect to each other and exchange files according to a set protocol. Since the connections are using the same telephone lines that are used for the normal users of the BBS, the fidonet transfers only happen at special times of the day ("Netmail-Hour", typically 4:00 in the morning). Today Fidonet supports its own standards for netmail (similar to Internet e-mail), echomail (Usenet-like news) and file transfers..
EDonkey2000 - EDonkey2000 eDonkey2000 is a peer-to-peer file sharing application developed by MetaMachine. EDonkey uses the Multisource File Transfer Protocol. The eDonkey file sharing network is decentralized like many other file sharing networks. Two kinds of applications connect to the network, client and server. Clients allow users to connect to the network and to share files. Servers act as meeting hubs for the clients. Both client and server are available in Windows, Macintosh, Linux, and other UNIX variants. EDonkey uses md4 hash checksums to identify files. This function allows identification of identical files with different filenames. Another feature of eDonkey is that it shares file segments before the download completes; this speeds up file distribution throughout the network. Users on eDonkey predominantly share large files such as CD images, videos, games, and.
DECnet - foundation for the first cluster architecture ever designed, the VAXcluster. Initially built with four layers it later (1992) evolved into a seven layer OSI compliant networking protocol, around the time when open systems (POSIX compliant, i.e. UNIX-like) were grabbing marketshare from the proprietary OSes like VAX/VMS and AlphaVMS. It has been ported to UNIX (Ultrix), PCs and Macs (DEC Pathworks) transforming these into DECnet end-nodes on a network of VAXes. Brief Overview of the Evolution of DECnet DECnet refers to a specific set of hardware and software networking products which implement the DIGITAL Network Architecture (DNA). The DIGITAL Network Architecture is essentially a set of documents which define the network architecture in general, states the specifications for each layer of the architecture and describes the protocols which operate within each layer..
AOL Instant Messenger - program, published by AOL, which uses the OSCAR instant messaging protocol and the TOC protocol. The most recent software version is AIM 5.2, released in June of 2003. AOL has described this technology as a means of "immediate cross-Internet communication". [1] It allows users to communicate instantly through text to their "buddies" around the world, provided they have the AIM software. AIM has 100 million users, with a large proportion using Internet slang. Advocates claim that it's easy to locate these users by visiting chatrooms that AOL has set up solely for those purposes. Chat topics range from *NSYNC to current affairs. AOL also has a member directory where AIM users can locate others online who share their interests. Since version 2.0, AIM has included person-to-person text messaging, chatroom messaging, and.
Application layer - application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols. Examples HTTP SMTP SNMP FTP Telnet FTAM APPC X.400 X.500 AppleTalk AFP Directory Access Protocol (DAP).
BitTorrent - BitTorrent BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file distribution tool written by San Francisco programmer Bram Cohen, debuted at the CodeCon conference. Unlike traditional file sharing systems, its primary intention is to provide an efficient way to distribute the same file to a large group of people by having everybody that downloads a file also upload it to others. First, a small file with a .torrent extension is distributed via conventional means. This file is static, so it is often placed on regular websites or even distributed by e-mail. The .torrent file contains hashing information for blocks of the file, so the size of it depends on the size of the file or group of files that it refers to. It also contains, hardcoded, the address of a so-called "tracker server" which.
CBBS - Suess, who were members of CACHE, the Chicago Area Computer Hobbyists' Exchange. They had met at this computer club in the mid 1970s and become friends. Christensen had created a file transfer protocol for sending binary computer files through modem connections, which was called, simply, MODEM. Later improvements to the program motivated a name change into the now familiar XMODEM. The success of this project encouraged further experiments. Christensen and Suess become enamored of the idea of creating a computerized answering machine and message center, which would allow members to call in with their then-new modems and leave announcements for upcoming meetings. However, they needed some quiet time to set aside for such a project, and the blizzard gave them that time. Christensen worked on the software and Suess cobbled together.
Commodore 1541 - by cutting or punching a hole on the left-hand side of the disk, opposite the factory write-protect hole) would give access to another 166KB for every floppy disk. Each side, of 166KB, was split into 664 256-byte 'blocks'; the file system made each block its own cluster. The disk drive used Group Code Recording and contained a 6502 processor as a disk controller. The drive's built-in operating system was CBM DOS v2.6. Most notably, the DOS limited the number of files per disk to 144 regardless of the number of free blocks on the disk because the directory was of a fixed size, and the file system did not allow for subdirectories. The DOS was also notoriously buggy; its most infamous bug was the so-called @save bug. The commandsave "@filename",8was supposed.
