Karelo-Finnish SSR - Karelo-Finnish SSR The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish S.S.R.) was a republic of the Soviet Union that existed between 1940 and 1956. History The attack by the Soviet Union on Finland and the ensuing Winter War ended less successfully than what the Soviet side had expected. The preparations for setting up a communist-controlled administration for Finland would also have been in vain if it was not for the separation of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from the Russian SFSR. The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, which was set up on March 31, 1940, was to serve as a remainder for the Finns that the Soviet Union had not renounced their claims. In the ensuing Continuation War, the territory was occupied by Finland more or less from July.
Finnish - Finnish Due to the history of Finland and its neighbourhood, and the relatively limited number of Finns, the term Finnish might cause some confusion: It can indicate nationality, usually acquired by birth in Finland It can indicate ethnicity, see Finnic and Sweden-Finns It can also indicate citizenship or a similar belonging to the state of Finland It can indicate the mother tongue of a speaker, see Finnish (language) and Sweden-Finns (often in contrast to Finns speaking Swedish as their mother tongue, see Finland-Swedish and Finland's language strife) It can indicate the Finnish language itself, and often the closely related varieties spoken in Finland's neighbourhood, see Finno-Ugric languages: Veps, Izhorian, Ingrian, Karelian, Meänkieli [1] Finally, it can be a false translation from Scandinavian languages, where the concepts.
Finnish language spoken - Finnish language spoken This article deals with features of the spoken Finnish language. It will only make limited sense without the information contained in the Finnish language phonetics and Finnish language grammar pages. Introduction As in any language, the spoken version(s) of Finnish vary, sometimes markedly, from the written form. Some of these variations are due to speakers' inexactitude, but some aspects of spoken Finnish have different grammatical properties from written Finnish. There are also a number of grammatical forms which are used in written Finnish, but only very rarely in spoken. For example, there are a number of constructions using participles which are usually redered analytically in speech. For example: !MORE HERE Pronunciation Since the stress in Finnish always falls on the first syllable of.
Finnish language phonetics - Finnish language phonetics This article deals with the sound patterns of the Finnish language. The grammar of Finnish and the way(s) in which Finnish is spoken are dealt with in separate articles. Phonetics Originally, Finnish had no initial consonant clusters, this however is changing due to influence from other European languages. Older borrowings from (e.g.) Swedish have had initial consonant clusters eroded. For example "koulu" <- school, "tuoli" <- stool. More recent borrowings have retained their clusters, for example 'presidentti' = 'president'. However, it is common to hear these clusters eroded in speech ("resitentti") particularly, though not exclusively, by Finns who know little or no Swedish or English and who are not used to making sounds for letters such as d, c or x. Vowels Like.
Finnish language grammar - Finnish language grammar This article details the grammar of the Finnish language. There are separate articles covering the sound patterns of Finnish, and the ways in which spoken Finnish differs from the formal grammar of the written language. It is probably best to read the introduction to Finnish and Finnish language phonetics articles to make best use of this article. =Pronouns= The pronouns are inflected in the Finnish language much in the same way than their referent nouns are. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Personal pronouns 2 Demonstrative Pronouns 3 Interrogative Pronouns 4 Relative Pronouns 5 Reciprocal Pronouns 6 Reflexive Pronouns 7 Indefinite Pronouns 8 Cases 8.1 Grammatical Cases 8.2 Locative Cases 8.2.1 Internal Locatives 8.2.2 External Locatives 8.3 Marginal Cases 8.4 Others 8.5 Plurals 8.6.
Finnish euro coins - Finnish euro coins The euro (EUR or €) is the common currency for most European nations within the European Union, including Finland. The euro coins have two different sides; one common, European side showing the value of the coin and one national side featuring a design chosen by the EU member state where the coin was minted. Each member state has one or more designs unique to that country. For images of the common side and a detailed description of the coins, see Euro coins. Finnish euro coins have three designs, though two of them are each found on one coin only. The design for the minor and middle series of coins is by Heikki Häiväoja, the design for the 1 euro coin was done by.
Finnish sauna - Finnish sauna The sauna is a substantial part of the Finnish culture. There are five million inhabitants and over half a million saunas in Finland. For Finnish people the sauna is a place for easing with friends and family, a place for physical and mental relaxation. Finns think of saunas not as a luxury, but as a necessity. Practically each Finnish house has a sauna. There are also public saunas at such places as swimming pools and class participant sleep halls. It is very usual for men and women to go to the sauna together, in particular for members of the same family and close friends. One undresses completely, takes a shower (without soap) and enters either the wet or the dry sauna. In the dry.
Finnish alphabet - Finnish alphabet The Finnish alphabet is: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, Ä, Ö The main feature of the Finnish alphabet that makes it different from other Latin based alphabets are: the three extra vowels, "Å", "Ä" and "Ö". In collation "W" is equivalent to V. "Š" and "Ž" might be seen in transcriptions (and a few loanwords) from Slavic languages: "Tšaikovski, Gorbatšov, Tšetšenia, Tšekki, Azerbaidžan, Brežnev, daža." "Å" is only used in Swedish names on persons and (rarely) places. "W" is used mainly in foreign names and loanwords. Some old Finnish names still retain it from the time when it was used instead of.
Finnish Army (1939) - Finnish Army (1939) The Finnish Army at the beginning of the Winter War in 1939. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Order of Battle 1.1 Independent formations 1.2 Reserves of C-in-C Order of Battle Finnish Army of the Isthmus under Lieutenant General Hugo Viktor Österman. II Corps under Lieutenant General Harald Öhquist 4th Division 5th Division 11th Division Cavalry Brigade III Corps under Major General Axel Heinrichs. 8th Division 10th Division Reserve 1st Division Independent formations IV Corps (in the Ladoga Karelia) uder Major General J. Hägglund. 12th Division 13th Division North Finland Group under Major General Wiljo Einar Tuompo. Lapland Group (Independent Battalion 17 in Petsamo) Northern Karelian Group (2 Battalions) Independent Battalion 15 (Suomussalmi) Independent Battalion 16 (Salla) Reserves of C-in-C 6th Division (Southern Finland).
Finnish 6th Division - Finnish 6th Division The 6th Division (6.Divisioona) was a unit of the Finnish Army during the Winter War it's name was later changed to the 3rd Division (3.Divisioona). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Commanders 3 Organisation in 1939 4 See also History During the mobilization prior to the Winter War, the 6th Division was placed in the reserve of the Commander-in-Chief Carl Gustaf Mannerheim. The division consisted of reservists mainly from Satakunta. On 19 December it was attached to the II Corps. The 6th and 1st Divisionss were to attack the advancing Soviet forces near Summa. The attack began on 23 December but was a failure. In the beginning of January 1940 the divisions name was changed to the 3rd Division. The reason for.
Finnish Infantry Division Generic Organisation - Finnish Infantry Division Generic Organisation Finnish Infantry Division Generic Organisation Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 1939 2 1941 3 1944 1939 Division HQ 3 infantry regiments Regiment HQ 3 infantry battalions Battalion HQ 3 infantry companies HQ platoon 4 infantry platoons Machinegun company Field artillery regiment 3 Field artillery battalions Heavy artillery battalion Light detachment Bicycle company Cavalry company Machinegun platoon 2 Engineer companies Signals company Supply formations 1941 Division HQ 3 infantry regiments Regiment HQ 3 infantry battalions Battalion HQ 3 infantry companies HQ platoon 4 infantry platoons Machinegun company Mortar company (81 mm) Heavy mortar company (120 mm) AT company Field artillery regiment 3 Field artillery battalions Heavy artillery battalion Light detachment Bicycle company Cavalry company Machinegun platoon 3 Engineer companies Signals battalion Supply.
Finnish Orthodox Church - Finnish Orthodox Church The Finnish Orthodox Church is the second official state church of Finland, beside the Lutheran Church of Finland. Eastern Orthodox Christianity was introduced to Finland during Russian rule in the 19th century. In Helsinki, Viipuri and Karelian Isthmus, Orthodoxy was associated with the country's ruling elite, however many rural Finns, Saami and Karelians where also members of the Orthodox Church. Shortly after Finland declared independence from Russia in 1917, the Finnish Orthodox Church declared its autonomy from the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1923, the Finnish Church completly separated from the Russian Church, becoming an autonomous part of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople. The Gregorian Calendar was also adopted. Other reforms introduced after independence include changing the language of high mass from Church Slavonic.
Finnish language - Finnish language This article gives an introduction to Finnish, its history, lexicon and status. Separate articles deal with Finnish phonetics and Finnish grammar, and with the distinctive features of spoken Finnish. Please note that these articles are not written with the aim of teaching the Finnish language, but as a reference article only. There are books and web sites which are designed with language learning in mind - please see the Bibliography and.
Finnish mythology - Finnish mythology Finnish mythology survived as oral tradition well into the 18th century. Based on animistic beliefs, the Finnish uphold one of the very few primitive religious traditions in Western Europe, albeit in a secularized form. The rites of the hunt (Peijainen), harvest and sowing etc. may well be held as social events, but the spiritual undercurrent is not totally absent. Although the gradual influence of surrounding cultures raised the significance of the skygod in a monolatristic manner, he was originally just a naturespirit like all the others. The one whose name was never uttered by the Finns was the spirit whose carnal form is known in English as bear. While active and committed belief in the ancient gods of Finland is limited to minor and.
Finnish War - Finnish War The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and Russia from February 1808 to September 1809. As a result of the war Finland became an autonomous grand duchy under the Russian tzar. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Background 2 The war 3 Battles 4 Major commanders 5 Aftermath Background In the treaty of Tilsit in 1807 Napoleon and the Russian tzar Alexander I decided that Russia should force Sweden to join the Continental System. The war On February 21, 1808 Russian troops crossed the border. At the same time southern Sweden was threatened by an attack from Denmark. The plan of the Swedish army under Johan Adam Cronstedt was to retreat into Ostrobothnia leaving only the strongly fortified Sveaborg behind. The fort surrendered although there.
Finnish Jaeger troops - Finnish Jaeger troops The Jäger troops were volunteers from Finland in Germany trained to Jaegers during World War I. It was one of many means of Germany's with the intention to weaken Russia and to facillitate Russia's loss of western provinces and dependencies. The recruitement of the Jäger volunteers from the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland had to be secret, and was dominated by the most Germany-influnced circles, such as university students and the upper middle class. The recruitement was however in no ways exclusive. The recruits were transported across Finland's western border via Sweden to Germany, where the volunteers were formed into the Royal Prussian 27th Jäger Battallion. The Jäger Battallion participated in the ranks of the German Army from 1916 in the battles on.
Finnish Army - Finnish Army The Finnish Army (Finnish: Maavoimat) is one of the braches of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Army is further divided into six branches: infantry field artillery anti-aircraft artillery engineers signals materiel Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Organisation 2 Equipment 2.1 Armour 2.2 Air-defence 2.3 Artillery 2.4 Anti-tank weapons 2.5 Infantry weapons 2.6 Helicopters 3 Tables of Organization and Equipment 3.7 Jaeger Brigade 3.7.1 Materiel 3.8 Armoured Brigade 3.8.2 Materiel Organisation The Army is organised into three commands: western, eastern and northern. The commands are responsible for the defence and planning in their areas. The commands are further divided into twelve military provinces which are responsible for conscription, mustering of troops in wartime, organizing the local defence and aiding the voluntary defence organizations. Western Command.
Finnish Navy - Finnish Navy The Finnish Navy is one of the braches of the Finnish Defence Forces. The Navy employs 2350 people and about 5000 conscripts are trained each year. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Organisation 2 Equipment 2.1 Ships 2.2 Coastal artillery 3 History 3.3 Winter War 3.4 Continuation War 3.5 Lapland war 4.
Finnish Air Force - Finnish Air Force The Finnish Air Force (Finnish: Ilmavoimat) is one of the braches of the Finnish Defence Forces. Organisation The Air Force is organised into three commands, each of which operates a fighter squadron: Lapland Air Command (Fighter Squadron 11) Karelia Air Command (Fighter Squadron 31) Satakunta Air Command (Fighter Squadron 21) The three commands are part of the Defence Forces' Readiness formations. Equipment F-18 C/D Hornet, fighter interceptors (63) Hawk Mk51/51A, trainers (51). The hawks can also be fitted with air-to-air missiles and ground attack munitions Learjet 35A/S (3) Valmet L-70 Vinka, trainers (28) Fokker F.27, transportation aircraft (3) Valmet L-90 TP Redigo, liaison aircraft (9) Piper PA-31-350 Chieftain, liaison aircraft (6) Piper PA-28 Arrow, liaison aircraft (7).
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg - in Finland. He was christened Carl Johan, which he later changed to Finnish form like most fennomans (supporters of Finnish language and culture). In Oulu Finnish lycee he was the primus of his class. In 1889 he graduated in Laws, as a Bachelor of Arts. He had a long career as the presenter and planner of the Senate's legislation already when Finland was a Russian Grand Duchy. He supported constitutional legislative policies, including legislative resistance, against the attempted Russification of Finland, eventually even women's suffrage, and had a moderate line on Prohibition. In the beginning of Finland's independence he became the chairman of the Constitutional Council. They formed the first Constitution for Finland as an independent state. He tried to establish relations with Britain. In 1918 Ståhlberg supported the idea of.
