Formic acid - Formic acid Properties General Name Formic acid Chemical formula CH2O2 Formula weight 46.03 amu Synonyms methanoic acid, aminic acid, hydrogencarboxylic acid CAS number 64-18-6 Phase behavior Melting point 281.5 K (8.4 °C) Boiling point 373.9 K (100.8°C) Triple point 281.4 K (8.3°C) 0.0236 bar Liquid density 1.22 ×103 kg/m3 Acid-base properties pKa 3.75 'Liquid thermochemistry'\ ΔfH0liquid -425.1 kJ/mol S0liquid 131.8 J/mol·K ΔfusH 12.7 kJ/mol ΔfusS 45.1 J/mol·K Cp 99.0 J/mol·K Gas thermochemistry ΔfH0gas -378.6 kJ/mol S0gas 248.7 J/mol·K ΔvapH 22.7 kJ/mol Cp 45.7 J/mol·K Safety Acute effects Corrosive. Contact with concentrated vapors or solution can cause severe chemical burns. Chronic effecs Repeated exposure can result in an allergic reaction. Suspected mutagen, may cause long-term liver and kidney damage. Flash point 69°C Autoignition temperature 601°C Explosive limits.
Acetic acid - Acetic acid Properties General Name Acetic acid Chemical formula C2H4O2 Formula weight 60.05 amu Synonyms ethanoic acid, methanecarboxylic acid CAS number 64-19-7 Phase behavior Melting point 289.6 K (16.5 °C) Boiling point 391.2 K (118.1°C) Triple point 289.8 K (8.3°C) ? bar Critical point 593 K (320°C) 57.8 bar Liquid density 1.05 ×103 kg/m3 Acid-base properties pKa 4.76 Liquid thermochemistry ΔfH0liquid -483.5 kJ/mol S0liquid 158.0 J/mol·K ΔfusH 11.7 kJ/mol ΔfusS 40.5 J/mol·K Cp 123.1 J/mol·K Gas thermochemistry ΔfH0gas ? kJ/mol S0gas 282.8 J/mol·K ΔvapH 23.7 kJ/mol Cp 63.4 J/mol·K Safety Acute effects Corrosive. Contact with concentrated vapors or solution can cause blistering and severe chemical burns. Chronic effecs Repeated skin exposure can result in an allergic reaction. Flash point 43°C Autoignition temperature 427°C Explosive limits 5-16% More.
Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid In chemistry, especially in organic chemistry and biochemistry, carboxylic acids are acids characterized by the presence of the carboxyl group. In chemical formulas, these groups are typically represented as COOH. Molecules containing such a functional group are also called carboxylic acids or organic acids. The two electronegative oxygen atoms tend to pull the electron away from the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group, and the remaining proton can more easily leave. The remaining negative charge is then distributed symmetrically among the two oxygen atoms, and the two carbon–oxygen bonds take on a partial double bond character (i.e., they are delocalised). This is a result of the resonance structure created by the carbonyl component of the carboxylic acid, without which the OH group does not as easily.
Propionic acid - Propionic acid Properties General Name Propionic acid Chemical formula C3H6O2 Formula weight 74.08 amu Synonyms propanoic acid, ethanecarboxylic acid, methylacetic acid, ethylformic acid CAS number 79-09-4 Phase behavior Melting point 252 K (-21°C) Boiling point 414 K (141°C) Critical point 607 K (334°C) 46.7 bar Liquid density 0.99 ×103 kg/m3 Acid-base properties pKa 4.88 Liquid thermochemistry ΔfH0liquid -510.8 kJ/mol S0liquid 191.0 J/mol·K ΔfusH 10.6 kJ/mol ΔfusS 42.2 J/mol·K Cp 158.6 J/mol·K Gas thermochemistry ΔfH0gas ? kJ/mol S0gas ? J/mol·K ΔvapH 55 kJ/mol Cp ? J/mol·K Safety Acute effects Corrosive. Contact with concentrated liquid can result in permanent damage to skin, eyes, or digestive tract. Chronic effecs None known. Flash point 55°C Autoignition temperature 475°C Explosive limits 3-15% More info Properties NIST WebBook MSDS Hazardous Chemical Database SI.
Gulf War syndrome - Large quantities of aspartame sweetened diet sodas were provided to Gulf War troops, often times sitting in high temperature conditions. This artificial sweetener breaks down at roughly 85 degrees F into, among other things, methanol, formaldehyde, diketopiperazine and formic acid. A contrary view has been advanced, that GWS is not a physical illness, but a response to the stresses of war, and that similar syndromes have been seen as an after effect of many conflicts - for example, 'shell shock' after World War I, and post-traumatic stress disorder after the Vietnam War. If this were true, the unfortunate effect is that the psychologically based therapy that might help support those affected in their very real distress, is neglected in favour of a futile search for a non-existent physical cause: and repeated.
Formaldehyde - solution in water called by trade names such as formalin or formol. In water, formaldehyde polymerizes, and formalin actually contains very little formaldehyde in the form of HCHO monomer. Usually, these solutions contain a few percent methanol to limit the extent of polymerization. Formaldehyde exhibits most of the general chemical properties of the aldehydes, except that is generally more reactive than other aldehydes. Formaldehyde is a potent electrophile, and it can participate is electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with aromatic compounds, and it can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with alkenes. In the presence of basic catalysts, formaldehyde undergoes a Cannizaro reaction to prouduce formic acid and methanol. Formaldehyde reversibly polymerizes to produce its cyclic trimer, 1,3,5-trioxane or the linear polymer polyoxymethylene. Formation of these substances makes formaldehyde's gas behavior differ substantially from.
E number - Animal Origin E100 Curcumin, turmeric [Colouring] E101 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) [Colouring] [LGM] E101a Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate [Colouring] [LGM] E102 Tartrazine, FD&C Yellow 5 [Colouring] [PAR] E103 Chrysoine Resorcinol [Colouring] E104 Quinoline Yellow [Colouring] [PAR] E105 Fast Yellow AB [Colouring] E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate [Colouring] E107 Yellow 2G [Colouring] [PAR] E110 Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6 [Colouring] [PAR] E111 Orange GGN [Colouring] E120 Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4 [Colouring] [PAR] [AO] E121 Orcein, Orchil [Colouring] E122 Carmoisine, Azorubine [Colouring] [PAR] E123 Amaranth, FD&C Red 2 [Colouring] [PAR] E124 Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R [Colouring] [PAR] E125 Scarlet GN [Colouring] E126 Ponceau 6R [Colouring] E127 Erythrosine, FD&C Red 3 [Colouring] [PAR] E128 Red 2G [Colouring] [PAR] E129 Allura Red AC, FD&C Red.
Uropygid - organs. Many species also have very large scorpion-like pedipalps (pincers). They have one pair of eyes at the front of the cephalothorax and three on each side of the head. Whip scorpions have no poison glands, but they do have glands near the rear of their abdomen that can spray a combination of formic and acetic acid when they are bothered. The acetic acid gives this spray a vinegar-like smell, giving rise to the common name "vinegarone". Behavior Whip scorpions are carnivorous, nocturnal hunters feeding mostly on other insects but sometimes on worms and slugs. The prey is crushed between special teeth on the inside of the trochanters (the second segment of the leg) of the front legs. They are valuable in controlling the population of roaches and crickets. Eggs are.
Acridine - coal-tar anthracene. It may be separated by shaking out with dilute sulphuric acid, and then precipitating the sulphuric acid solution with potassium bichromate, the resulting acridine bichromate being decomposed by ammonia. It was first isolated in 1890 by Carl Gräbe and Heinrich Caro. Many synthetic processes are known for the production of acridine and its derivatives. A. Bernthsen condensed diphenylamine with fatty acids, in the presence of zinc chloride. Formic acid yields acridine, and the higher homologues give derivatives substituted at the meso carbon atom. Acridine may also be obtained by passing the vapour of phenylortho-toluidine through a red-hot tube; by condensing diphenylamine with chloroform, in presence of aluminium chloride; by passing the vapours of orthoaminodiphenylmethane over heated litharge; by heating salicylic aldehyde with aniline and zinc chloride to 260C; and.
Anting (bird activity) - insects, usually ants that secrete liquids containing chemicals such as formic acid, that can act as an insecticide, miticide, fungicide, or bactericide. It perhaps also can supplement the bird's own preen oil. Instead of ants, birds can also ant millipedes. Over 250 species of bird have been known to ant. Some birds, including starlings, babblers, tanagers, and weavers, ant actively, that is, pecking up ants and rubbing them over their feathers. There are also passive anters, who just lie above anthills, such as the Eurasian Jay, crows and waxbills. This behaviour was first described by E. Stresemann in German as einemsen in Ornith. Monatsber. XLIII. 138 in 1935. The Journal of Bombay Natural History Society XXXVIII described it in English in the following year and translated the term as "anting"..
Aspartame - i.e. the methyl ester of the dipeptide of the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It is 160 times sweeter than sugar (sucrose), and is marketed under a number of trademarked names, such as "NutraSweet" and "Canderel". It is a common sweetener in prepared foods, particularly soft drinks. Aspartame is one of the sugar substitutes used by diabetics. Because phenylalanine is part of its composition, and is deleterious to sufferers of the genetic disorder phenylketonuria, products containing aspartame usually have a warning label that they contain phenylalanine, in compliance with U.S. FDA guidelines. Aspartame breaks down at a lower temperature than other artificial sweeteners, and is unsuitable for use in baking or to sweeten coffee and tea. Many people, though probably only a small percentage of the population, also find the.
Stinging nettle - found everywhere in the countryside and colonising any patch of neglected ground in towns. In North America it is widely distributed (in the United States it is found in every state except for Hawaii, Arkansas and South Carolina), but markedly less common than in northern Europe, and as a result the European subspecies has also been introduced into North America. The soft green leaves of the stinging nettle are covered with hollow, silky hairs that contain formic acid as a defense against grazing animals. Bare human skin brushing up against a stinging nettle plant will break the delicate defensive hairs and release the acid, usually resulting in a temporary and painful skin rash. The folk remedy for the sting is to wrap the affected part in the leaf of a dock.
Organic compound - between organic and inorganic is somewhat controversial and historically arbitrary, but generally speaking, organic compounds have carbon-hydrogen bonds, and inorganic compounds do not. Thus carbonic acid is inorganic, whereas formic acid, the first fatty acid, is organic, although it could as well be called "carbonous acid" and its anhydride, carbon monoxide, is inorganic. The name "organic" is a historical name, dating back to 19th century, when it was believed that o.c.'s can only be synthesised in living organisms through "vis vitalis" - the "force of life". See also organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry of carbon. See list of compounds for a list of all compounds currently in Wikipedia..
Methanol - economical and widely used feedstock for methanol production, other feedstocks can be used. Where natural gas is unavailable, light petroleum products can be used in its place. The South African firm Sasol produces methanol using synthesis gas from coal. Uses Methanol is used on a limited basis as a motor fuel. When produced from wood or other organic materials, the resulting organic methanol (bioalcohol) has been suggested as renewable alternative to petroleum-based hydrocarbons. However, one cannot use BA100 (100% bioalcohol) in modern petroleum cars without modification. One can use B100 (100% biodiesel) in unmodified petrodiesel cars). Methanol blends are used as fuel in open wheel racing circuits like CART. Methanol is also used as a solvent and as an antifreeze in pipelines. The largest use of methanol by far, however, is.
List of food additives - E Green S colour 143 A E Fast green FCF colour 150a A E caramel I - plain colour 150b A E caramel II - caustic sulphite process colour 150c A E caramel III - ammonia process colour 150d A E caramel IV - ammonia sulphite process colour 151 A E Brilliant Black BN colour 153 A E vegetable carbon, carbon black colour 154 E Brown FK colour 155 A E Chocolate Brown HT colour 160a A E carotenes colour 160b E annatto, bixin, norbixin colour 160c A E paprika extract, capsanthin colour 160d A E lycopene colour 160e A E beta-apo-8'-carotenal colour 160f A E beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid ester colour 161a A flavoxanthin colour 161b A E lutein colour 161c A kryptoxanthin colour 161d A rubixanthin colour 161e A violoxanthin colour.
List of compounds - Wikipedia articles. See also list of biomolecules. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also A Abietic acid Acetaldehyde - CH3CHO Acetaminophen - C8H9NO2 Acetic acid - CH3COOH Acetone - H3CCOCH3 Acetylcholine - (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OCOCH3. Acetylene - C2H2 Acrylamide - C3H5NO Aluminium oxide - Al2O3 Ammonia - NH3 Ammonium bicarbonate - NH4HCO3 Ammonium chloride - NH4Cl Ammonium nitrate - NH4NO3 Ammonium perchlorate - NH4ClO4 Amyl nitrate - C5H11·ONO Aniline - C6H5-NH2 Anthracene - (C6H4CH)2 Arsine - AsH3 Azadirachtin A - C35H44O16 B Benzene - C6H6 Benzoic acid Borax - Na2B4O7·10H2O Boric acid - H3BO3 Boron nitride - BN Bromomethane - BrCH3 Butane - C4H10 Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) - C6H2(OH)(CH3)(C(CH3)3)2 C Cadaverine NH2(CH2)5NH2.
List of chemistry topics - This list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please update the page accordingly. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Aaron Klug -- Abichite -- Acetaldehyde -- Acetaminophen -- Acetic acid -- Acetone -- acetyl -- Acetylcholine -- Acetylene -- acid -- Acrylamide -- Actinide -- Actinium -- Actinolite -- Activation energy -- Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt -- Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus -- Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe -- Agate -- Ahmed H. Zewail -- Alabaster -- Alan G MacDiarmid -- Alan J Heeger -- Albertus Magnus -- Albite --.
Ketoglutaric acid - Ketoglutaric acid Ketoglutaric acid is used for either of two crystalline keto derivatives C5H6O5 of glutaric acid. As alpha-Ketoglutaric acid (2-Oxo-1,5-pentanedioic acid) a Krebs cycle intermediate. Sold in dietary supplements and to body builders as AKG..
Keto acids - organic acids containing a ketone group along with the acid groups; alpha-keto acid refers to a 2-oxo acid (pyruvic acid); beta-keto acid refers to a 3-oxo acid (acetoacetic acid), etc..
Velvet Acid Christ - Velvet Acid Christ Velvet Acid Christ is a band from the USA producing electronic music of the darkwave genre. The head of the band is Bryan Erickson. VAC is famous in Germany for the song "Futile". It did also become quite popular in the US for the song "Phucking phreak". Discography Dimension 8 (released as MP3 on Twisted Thought Generator) (1994) Fate (Demo CD, unreleased) (1994) Pestilence (Demo CD, unreleased) (1994) Neuralblastoma (1) (1995) Church of Acid (EU) (1996) Church of Acid (US famous track futile not included) (1997) Neuralblastoma (2) (1998) Calling ov the dead (1998) Decypher (1999) Fun with drugs (EU release of Decypher) (1999) The Remix Wars - VAC vs. Funker Vogt (1999) Fun with Knives (1999) Fun with razors (includes Fun with Knives,.
