GIF - GIF GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a bitmap image format that is widely used on the World Wide Web, both for still images and for animations. "GIF" is often pronounced giff with a hard g (that is, "gift" without the final t), but the pronunciation specified by the creators of the file format in the official documentation is jiff. It was introduced in 1987 by CompuServe in order to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas, replacing their earlier RLE format which was black and white only. GIF became popular because it used LZW data compression, which was more efficient than the run-length encoding that formats such as PCX and MacPaint used, and fairly large images could therefore be downloaded in a reasonable.
E-gif - E-gif Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 e-GIF is the UK eGovernment Interoperability Framework. 2 What are the aims of e-GIF? 3 Key e-GIF Policies 4 Selection of e-GIF specifications has been driven by 5 News sites which cover e-gif developments e-GIF is the UK eGovernment Interoperability Framework. This is an extremely ambitious exercise intended to resolve and prevent (or at least minimise) problems arising from incompatible content of different computer systems. What are the aims of e-GIF? to enable the seamless flow of information across government/ Public Service Organisations to set practical standards using stable well supported products to provide support, guidance and toolkits to enable the standards to be met to provide a long term strategy that is able to accommodate and adapt Key e-GIF.
Viscosity - having a high viscosity. Some dynamic viscosities of Newtonian fluids are listed below: Gases (at 0 °C): air 17.4 × 10-6 Pa·s hydrogen 8.4 × 10-6 Pa·s xenon 21.2 × 10-6 Pa·s Liquids (at 20 °C): acetone 0.326 × 10-3 Pa·s benzene 0.64 × 10-3 Pa·s castor oil 985 × 10-3 Pa·s ethyl alcohol 0.248 × 10-3 Pa·s glycerol 1485 × 10-3 Pa·s methanol 0.59 × 10-3 Pa·s mercury 17.0 × 10-3 Pa·s nitrobenzol 2.0 × 10-3 Pa·s sulfuric acid 30 × 10-3 Pa·s olive oil 81 × 10-3 Pa·s pitch 107 Pa·s water 1.025 × 10-3 Pa·s Contrary to many assertions, glass is an amorphous solid, not a liquid, and it does not flow, but still we can talk about its viscosity. See the article on glass for more details.
JPEG - file, though there are some software systems that encode JPEG streams differently. JPEG/JFIF is the most common format used for storing and transmitting photographs on the World Wide Web. It is not as well suited for line drawings and other textual or iconic graphics, because its compression method performs badly on these types of images (the PNG and GIF formats are in common use for that purpose; GIF, having only 8 bits per pixel is not well suited for colour photographs, but PNG may have as much or more detail as JPEG). There are many options in the standard, but many are little used. Here is a brief desciption of one of the more common ones when applied to an input that has 24 bits per pixel (eight each of red,.
July 1 - police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in On-to-Ottawa-Trek. 1958 - Nationwide television broadcasts via microwave begin in Canada 1962 - Independence of Rwanda and Burundi. 1963 - Zip code introduced for United States mail 1966 - First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto. 1968 - Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries in Geneva Switzerland 1980 - O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada. 1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved. 1996 - Version 1.0 of PNG, an open source competitor to the GIF image format, is finalised. 1997 - The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China 2002 - A Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev TU-154 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over southern.
July 2002 - wounded. Nine of the dead were children, including Mohammed al-Huwaiti (aged 4), his brother Subhi (aged 3), Ayman Mattar (aged 1) and Dunya Rami Mattar (aged 3 months). The United Nations swiftly condemned the action as a flagrant violation of international law. Ariel Sharon, Israel's Prime Minister, said it was "one of our biggest successes," though the Prime Minister's office later added, "it is well known he regrets the killing of civilians." [1] An earthquake (magnitude 4.7) hits parts of Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Accounting scandals: WorldCom has filed for bankruptcy protection, in the largest corporate insolvency ever. Harry Potter. The director for the third Harry Potter film has been announced as Mexican-born Alfonso Cuaron. Cuaron will start directing "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" next year. Politics of.
Interoperability - the same file formats and utilise the same protocols. Interoperability can have important economic consequences. If competitors' products are not interoperable (due to causes such as patents, trade secrets or coordination failures), the result may well be monopoly or market failure. For this reason, it may be prudent for governments to take steps to encouage interoperability in various situations. In the UK there is a egovernment-based interoperability initative called e-gif..
Interlace - full resolution, it corresponds to 25 full video frames per second. Interlaced video is often used as a tradeoff between bandwidth requirements and smooth reproduction of movement. The major disadvantage of interlacing is the reduction in vertical resolution. Consider a TV image made of alternating white and black horizontal lines, each line being only one TV line high. Instead of a fine black and white striped image, an interlaced display would show a black and white flashing image at the frame rate of the video. This is the most dramatic example of an interference effect called twitter, caused when an interlaced image attempts to display vertical information at too high a frequency. Interlacing is used by all the analogue TV broadcast systems in current use (mainly NTSC, PAL and SECAM). Computer.
Hades - Hades is always represented as a stern, dark, bearded man, with tightly closed lips, a crown on his head, a sceptre and a key in hand, to show how carefully he guards those who enter his domains, and how vain are their hopes to escape. No temples were dedicated to him, and his statues are very rare. In works of art, Hades resembles his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, except that his hair falls over his forehead, and his appearance is portrayed as dark and gloomy. Persephone The wife of Hades, and queen of the Underworld, was Persephone, daughter of Zeus and Demeter. Persephone did not marry Hades willingly, but was abducted by him one day while picking flowers with her friends. Even Zeus was powerless to get her out of the.
Unisys - the company acquired Convergent Technologies, and their innovative CTOS. Important events in the company's history include the development of the 2200 series from 1986, including the UNISYS 2200/500 CMOS mainframe, and the Micro A in 1989, the first desktop mainframe. Unisys has become more known due to its single patent on the LZW algorithm than for any other reason. The algorithm is used in the GIF file format. At the end of December 1994, CompuServe and Unisys announced that the U.S. patent which Unisys holds for the LZW compression algorithm would be enforced for GIFs: all commercial programs capable of producing GIF files would be required to pay a license fee to Unisys. By this time, GIF was in such widespread use that most companies producing these programs had little choice.
Graphics file format - (1.0.2) Uncompressed / lossy, 8-bit grayscale & 24-bit color. Provides multiple resolutions of each image. .gif image/gif Graphics Interchange Format Used extensively on the web, but sometimes avoided due to patent issues. Supports animated images. Supports only 255 colors per frame, so requires lossy quantization for full-color photos; using multiple frames can improve color precision. Uses non-lossy, patented LZW compression. This patent expired in 2003. .iff .ilbm ? Interchange file format / Interleave bitmap File format popular on the Amiga computer. ILBM is a subtype of the IFF fileformat, which can contain more as just pictures. .jpeg .jpg image/jpeg Joint Photographic Experts Group Used extensively for photos on the web. Uses lossy compression; the quality can vary greatly depending on the compression settings. .mng video/x-mng Multiple-image Network Graphics Animation format using.
False friend - or involved in something embarazada (Spanish) embarrassed pregnant entrée (French) entrée entrance, or appetizer etichetta (Italian) etiket (Dutch) Etikett (German) etiqueta (Spanish) étiquette (French) etiquette label (can also mean etiquette in French or Spanish, but is mostly used as label) eventualmente (Spanish and Italian) eventueel (Dutch) eventuell (German and Swedish) éventuellement (French) eventually maybe, perhaps éxito (Spanish) exit success fabbrica (Italian) fábrica (Spanish) fabriek (Dutch) Fabrik (German) fabrik (Swedish) fabrika (Serbian) fabrique (French) fabric factory (compare 'fabricate') Possible origin due to large Victorian factories producing woven fabric. facilidad (Spanish) facility ease Fahrt (German) Vaart (Dutch) fart German: urney; speed; trip, excursion, voyage Dutch: similar, but only used for ships far (Swedish) far father fart (Swedish) fart speed fast (German) fast nearly, almost fast (Swedish) fast firm, steady (compare "steadfast") fat (Swedish).
Factory method pattern - it decide which bit of code to run on its own: public class ImageReader { private int FileType; private String FileContents; private byte[] DecodedImage; public ImageReader( InputStream in ) { // Figure out what type of file this input stream represents // (eg gif, jpeg, png, tif, etc ) FileType = file_type; decodeFile(); } private decodeFile() { switch( FileType ) { case ImageReader.GIF: // do gif decoding (many lines) break; case ImageReader.JPEG: // do jpeg decoding (many lines) break; case ImageReader.PNG: // do png decoding (many lines) break; // etc... } } } 1 - A bad way to design the ImageReader This method has the advantage of abstracting the file type from the class that calls this ImageReader, but as the number of file types supported gets larger, the code.
Fernand Léger - Museum of Modern Art in New York presented an exhibition of his work. Léger lived in the United States during World War II and returned to France in 1945. Before his passing, his varied projects included book illustrations, monumental figure paintings and murals, stained-glass windows, mosaics, polychrome ceramic sculptures, and set and costume designs. Fernand Léger died at his home and is buried in the Cimetière de Gif-sur-Yvette, Essonne, France. Recently, sales of some of his art has fetched prices close to US$2 million, a sculpture selling for US$8 million. In 1960 The Musée Fernand Léger was opened in Biot, Alpes-Maritimes, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region of France..
File format - several formats used by Microsoft's Office suite of applications (Word, Excel, Outlook and Powerpoint). Second, some file format developers never bother to write a specification document; rather, the format is defined only implicitly, through the program(s) that manipulate data in the format. Note that using file formats without a publicly available specification can be costly. Learning how the format works will require either A) reverse-engineering it from a reference implementation or B) acquiring the specification document for a fee from the format developers. (Note that the second case, possible only when there is a specification document, typically requires one to sign a non-disclosure agreement.) Both cases require significant time, money, or both. Therefore, as a general rule, file formats with publicly available specifications are supported by a large number of programs,.
Flag terminology - display Description of standard flag areas: Canton - upper left quarter of the flag, such as the field of stars in the Flag of the United States. Fly - right half of the flag. Hoist - left half of the flag. Length - span of flag from right edge to left edge. Width - span of flag from top edge to bottom edge. Basic Patterns in Flags (the following is an animated gif, and will change to 7 variations in flag design) Techniques in Flag display Hoist - the act or function of raising a flag, as on a rope. Half Staff - a style of flag display in which the flag is hoisted to half of the potential height of the availble flag pole. This usually denotes distress or a.
Forgent Networks - World Wide Web. The announcement has created a furor remisicent of Unisys' attempts to assert its rights over the GIF image compression standard. The patent cited is U.S. Patent No. 4,698,672, "Coding system for reducing redundancy". It has been speculated that the legal principle of laches may apply in this case. The JPEG community has responded to Forgent's claims by issuing a news release, stating that it believes that prior art exists that would invalidate Forgent's claims relating to the baseline implementation of JPEG, and launching an appeal for prior art evidence. They further state: It has always been a strong goal of the JPEG committee that its standards should be implementable in their baseline form without payment of royalty and license fees, and the committee would like to record their.
Ebook - but are by no means limited to: plain text (also known as ASCII text), Rich Text Format (RTF), HTML (with or without style sheets), SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language) (including the TEI standard), XML, Adobe's Acrobat PDF (Portable Document Format), Adobe's PDF-like eBook format, Microsoft's Reader format, Palm Digital Media's Palm Reader format, Mobipocket format, TeX, PostScript, and various image-file formats, including GIF, JPEG and TIFF. Of these, the main contenders appear to be HTML, ASCII, PDF and latterly XML. TeX is too complex for general use, and other formats are directed more at specialist needs. To some extent, the choice of format will depend on the aims of the creator of the document. E-text projects generally fall into two camps: those concerned with accurate reproduction of existing paper editions, where.
EGovernment - 'Polling station technology' (where non-online 'e-voting' is being considered) TV and radio-based delivery of government services (this often has a 'crossover' with the Internet, but also includes many non-Internet based aspects and projects) Non-Website-specific aspects of Internet-based eGovernment concerns: the use of Email in the provision of government services and the conduct of government business the use of 'online community' facilities, such as message boards, newsgroups and discussion lists the use of 'real-time' Internet facilities, such as 'online chat' and 'instant messenger' technologies eGovernment Issues 'rate of take up' of eGovernment services 'Digital Divide' the impact of non-use, non-availability or inaccessibility of e-government, or of other digital resources upon the strucure of society broadband provision and its impact on rate of take up of eGovernment services accessibility (impediments to take up.
Ethos Game Basic - the routines and data arranged in simple banks. The advanced data manager allows visual management of program, sound, sprites and image data banks. These use standard windows editing techniques giving ethos an intuitive and user friendly interface. ethos supports most standard graphic formats including animating GIF files Integrated data viewers and editors for all data bank types and the ability to dynamically extend the abilities of ethos as such as new data types supply the user with an unlimited functionality in the development of their programs and games. With the direct mode, commands can be entered directly whilst editing or debugging the program. This can be used to quickly see the effect or positioning of an image, or to reset or report on programming variables. You can even grab data to.
