Galileo Galilei - Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei (February 15, 1564 - January 8, 1642), was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, and physicist who is commonly associated with the Scientific Revolution. He has been referred to as the "father of modern astronomy" (a title to which Kepler has perhaps a stronger claim), as the "father of modern physics", and as "father of science". Along with Bacon, he pioneered the modern scientific method. Galileo was born in Pisa and his career coincided with that of Kepler. The work of Galileo is considered to be a significant break from that of Aristotle; in particular, Galileo placed emphasis on quantity, rather than quality. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Experimental science 2 Astronomy 3 Physics 4 Mathematics 5 Technology 6 Church controversy 7 Quotes 8.
Galileo - Galileo Galileo can refer to: Galileo Galilei, astronomer, philosopher, and physicist (1564 - 1642) the Galileo probe, a NASA space probe that visited Jupiter and its moons the Galileo positioning system Galileo, a play by Bertolt Brecht a Galileo, a measure of acceleration equal to 10-2 m·s-2.
Galileo probe - Galileo probe Galileo probe being deployed during the STS 34 flight (NASA) Galileo was an unmanned probe sent by NASA to study the planet Jupiter and its moonss. Named after the astronomer and Renaissance man Galileo Galilei, it was launched on October 18 1989 by the Space Shuttle Atlantis and arrived at Jupiter on December 7 1995. On September 21, 2003, after 14 years of flight time and 8 years of service in the Jovian system, Galileo's mission was terminated by sending the probe into Jupiter's crushing atmosphere at a speed of nearly 50 kilometres per second to avoid any chance of it contaminating local moons with bacteria from Earth. Of particular concern was the ice-crusted moon Europa, which, thanks to Galileo, scientists now suspect harbors.
Venus (planet) - iron. As a result, the solar wind impacts directly on Venus's upper atmosphere. It is thought that Venus originally had as much water as Earth, but that under the Sun's assault water vapor in the upper atmosphere was split into hydrogen and oxygen, with the hydrogen escaping into space due to its low molecular mass; the ratio of hydrogen to deuterium (a heavier isotope of hydrogen which doesn't escape as quickly) in Venus's atmosphere seems to support this theory. Venus was once thought to possess a moon, named Neith after the mysterious goddess Sais (whose veil no mortal raised), first observed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1672. Sporadic sightings of Neith by astronomers continued until 1892, but these sightings have since been discredited (they were mostly faint stars that happened to.
January 7 - 1566 - Pius V becomes Pope. 1598 - Boris Godunov seizes the throne of Russia. 1601 - Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex leads revolt in London against Queen Elizabeth 1610 - Galileo Galilei observes the four largest moons of Jupiter for the first time. He named them and in turn the four are called the Galilean moons. 1782 - The first American commercial bank opens (Bank of North America). 1785 - Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and Americann John Jeffries travel from Dover, England to Calais, France in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. 1789 - First nationwide United States election. 1894 - W.K. Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film. 1896 - Fannie Farmer publishes first cookbook. 1901 - Alferd Packer is released from.
January 8 - United States (†1844) 1821 - James Longstreet, Confederate General (†1904) 1823 - Alfred Russel Wallace, naturalist and biologist (†1913) 1824 - Wilkie Collins, novelist (†1889) 1867 - Emily Greene Balch, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize 1946 (†1961) 1870 - Miguel Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain (†1930) 1891 - Walther Bothe, physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954 (†1957) 1909 - Willy Millowitsch, actor (†1999) 1912 - José Ferrer, actor (†1992) 1910 - Galina Sergeyevna Ulanova, dancer (†1988) 1925 - James Saunders, dramatist 1926 - Soupy Sales, comedian 1928 - Sander Vanocur, journalist 1931 - Bill Graham, rock music entrepreneur (†1991) 1933 - Charles Osgood, journalist, commentator 1934 - Bart Starr, American football star 1935 -.
Johannes Kepler - a professor of mathematics at the University of Graz, court mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II, and court astrologer to General Wallenstein. Early in his career, Kepler was an assistant of Brahe's. Kepler's career coincided with that of Galilei. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Some events of Kepler's life 2 Scientific Work 3 Writings by Kepler 4 Full Text Some events of Kepler's life December 27, 1571 born at Weil-der-Stadt Comet of 1577 "I...was taken by my mother to a high place to look at it." (age six) Lunar eclipse of 1580 "I was called outdoors... It appeared quite red." (age nine) Graduates from University of Tübingen (1591) and pursues graduate study in Theology April 1594 Kepler takes Mathematics faculty position at Gratz in Austria April 1597 Kepler marries Barbara Muehleck. She.
Jupiter (planet) - planet such as Jupiter from a brown dwarf but in any case it would need to be about seventy times as massive as it is to become a star. Jupiter also has the fastest rotation rate of any planet within the solar system resulting in a flattening easily seen through a telescope. Its best known feature is probably the Great Red Spot, a storm larger than Earth. The planet is perpetually covered with a layer of clouds. Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and Venus; however at times Mars appears brighter than Jupiter, while at others Jupiter appears brighter than Venus). It has been known since prehistoric times. Galileo Galilei's discovery, in 1610, of Jupiter's four large moons Io, Europa, Ganymede and.
Inquisition - one from the duty to testify against the accused. Sentences could not be appealed and inquisitors sometimes interrogated entire populations in their jurisdiction. The inquisitor questioned the accused in the presence of at least two witnesses. The accused was given a summary of the charges and had to take an oath to tell the truth. Various means were used to get the cooperation of the accused. Although there was no tradition of torture in Christian canon law, this method came into use by the middle of the 13th century. The findings of the Inquisition were read before a large audience; the penitents abjured on their knees with one hand on a bible held by the inquisitor. Penalties went from visits to churches, pilgrimages, and wearing the cross of infamy to imprisonment.
Inclined plane - which makes it easier to access alternate elevations by extending the distance traveled horizontally (run) to achieve the desired elevation change (rise). In civil engineering the slope or ratio of rise/run is often referred to as a grade or gradient. It is important in the history of science, engineering and technology for a variety of reasons: The ramp or inclined plane was useful in building early stone edifices, in roads and aquaducts, and military assault of fortified positions. Experiments with inclined planes helped early physicists such as Galileo Galilei quantify the behavior of nature with respect to gravity, mass, acceleration, etc. Detailed understanding of inclined planes and their use helped lead to the understanding of how vector quantities such as forces can be usefully decomposed and manipulated mathematically. This concept of.
Hans Lippershey - wide use in 1608. He failed to receive a patent, but was handsomely rewarded by the Dutch government for copies of his design. A description of Lippershey's instrument quickly reached Galileo Galilei who created a working design in 1609, with which he made the observations found his Sidereus Nuncius of 1610. There is a legend that Lippershey's children actually discovered the telescope while playing with flawed lenses in their father's shop, but this may be apocryphal..
History of philosophy - Arcesilaus (316-242 BC), head of Plato's Academy, perhaps responsible for its turn towards scepticism. Menippus (fl. 250 BC), Cynic philosopher and famous as a satirist. Chrysippus (280-207 BC), third]] (and probably most important) head of the Stoic school. Diogenes of Babylon (240-152 BC), Stoic philosopher, member of the famous embassy of philosophers to Rome. Carneades (214-129 BC), head of the Academy and founder of the 'New Academy', memder of the famous embassy of philosophers to Rome. Panaetius (185-109 BC), Stoic philosopher with eclectic tendencies, pupil of Diogenes of Babylon and Antipater, influence upon Cicero. Philo of Larissa (160-80 BC), head of the Academy, teacher of Cicero. Zeno of Sidon (150-70 BC), Epicurean philosopher. Posidonius (135-51 BC), Stoic philosopher and historian, often characterised as an eclectic representative of the 'Middle Stoa'. Antiochus.
History of astronomy - astronomy might involve a study of the relationships between the "apparent height" of the noon Sun, with respect to the changing patterns of nighttime stars. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) crafted his own telescope and discovered that our Moon had craters, that Jupiter had moons, that the Sun had spots, and that Venus had phases like our Moon. Galileo claimed these observations only made sense if the planets revolved around the Sun and not the Earth, as was commonly believed then. Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars and planets; as stars remain relatively fixed over the centuries, while planets will move an appreciable amount during a comparatively short time. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient History 2 India 3 Mesopotamia 3.1 Sumer 3.2 Chaldea, Babylonia 4 Mesoamerica 4.3 Maya 5 East.
History of Italy - of foreign powers. Popes of Rome ruled central Italy; rivalries between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors, who claimed Italy as their domain, often made the peninsula a battleground. Beginning in the 11th century, and in spite of the political turmoil, Italian cities (especially in the northern and central regions) enjoyed an era of commercial prosperity which lasted until the 16th century and led to great intellectual and artistical achievements such as those of the Renaissance. Foreign domination In the 16th century most of the small Italian states were defeated and conquered by foreign powers, especially Spain. Italy suffered the move of the main trade routes from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, preventing the development of science (see Galileo Galilei) put an end to Italian cultural.
Galilean moon - the top, they are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. The Galilean moons are the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei. By far the largest of the many moons of Jupiter, they were visible with the low-power telescope he invented. They were first observed by Galileo on January 7, 1610. Galileo observed the moons' motion over several days and realized that they were in orbit around Jupiter. This discovery supported the heliocentric theory of Copernicus and showed that not everything revolves around the Earth. In order from closest to Jupiter to farthest away, they are: the volcanic Io oceanic Europa oceanic Ganymede oceanic Callisto Group Name Diameter (km) Mass (kg) Mean orbital radius (km) Orbital period 2 Io 3632 8.92×1022 421,600 1.76 days Europa 3138 4.8×1022 670,900 3.55 days Ganymede.
Ganymede (moon) - NASA image. Discovery Discovered by S. Marius G. Galilei Discovered in 1610 Orbital characteristics Mean radius 1.07×106 km Eccentricity 0.0015 Revolution period 7d 3h 42.6m Inclination 0.195° Is a satellite of Jupiter Physical characteristics Equatorial diameter 5268 km Surface area 87 million km2 Mass 1.482×1023 kg Mean density 1.936 g/cm3 Surface gravity 0.35 m/s2 Rotation period 7d 3h 42.6m Axial tilt ° Albedo 0.43 Surface temp min mean max K K K Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure trace Oxygen 100% Ganymede is Jupiter's largest moon, and indeed the largest moon in the entire solar system; it is larger in diameter than Mercury but only about half its mass. Ganymede is much larger than Pluto. It was discovered in 1609 by Galileo Galilei and named for the cup-bearer of the Greek gods, beloved.
Gandalf Airlines - Madrid Barajas International Airport Milan Linate Airport Paris Charles de Gaulle International Airport and Orly Airport Pisa Galileo Galilei Airport Rome Leonardo da Vinci International Airport Stuttgart Echterdingen Airport Verona/Villafranca Valerio Catullo Airport Gandalf also has an agreement with Air France to feed the French carrier's international flights at de Gaulle..
Gravity - equations, 'matter tells space how to curve, and space tells matter how to move,' but this new idea, completely foreign to the world of Newton, does not enable Einstein to assign the 'cause of this power' to curve space anymore than the Law of Universal Gravitation enabled Newton to assign its cause. In his own words: I wish we could derive the rest of the phenomena of nature by the same kind of reasoning from mechanical principles; for I am induced by many reasons to suspect that they may all depend upon certain forces by which the particles of bodies, by some causes hitherto unknown, are either mutually impelled towards each other, and cohere in regular figures, or are repelled and recede from each other; which forces being unknown, philosophers have.
Gravitational physics - have never been performed. The proper test of spacetime geometry may be test mass geometry. Somebody should look. Historic Equivalence Principle Tests[6] Year Investigator Accuracy* Method 500? Philoponus[7] "small" Drop Tower 1590? Galileo[4] 2·10-2 Pendulum, Drop Tower 1686 Newton[5] 10-3 Pendulum 1832 Bessel[8] 2·10-5 Pendulum 1910 Southerns[9] 5·10-6 Pendulum 1918 Zeeman[10] 3·10-8 Torsion Balance 1922 Eötvös[11] 5·10-9 Torsion Balance 1923 Potter[12] 3·10-6 Pendulum 1935 Renner[13] 2·10-9 Torsion Balance 1964 Dicke,Roll,Krotkov[14] 3·10-11 Torsion Balance 1972 Braginsky,Panov[15] 10-12 Torsion Balance 1976 Shapiro, et al.[16] 10-12 Lunar Laser Ranging 1981 Keiser,Faller[17] 4·10-11 Fluid Support 1987 Niebauer, et al.[18] 10-10 Drop Tower 1989 Heckel, et al.[19] 10-11 Torsion Balance 1990 Adelberger, et al.[20] 10-12 Torsion Balance 1999 Baeßler, et al.[21] 5·10-13 Torsion Balance 2005? MiniSTEP[22] 10-17 Earth Orbit "Accuracy".
February 13 - Events 1130 - Innocent II is voted Pope. 1542 - Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery. 1633 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. 1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent nation. 1689 - William and Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England. 1692 - Massacre of Glencoe occurs. 1866 - Jesse James robs his first bank. 1880 - Thomas Edison becomes the first person to observe the Edison Effect. 1894 - Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector. 1914 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members. 1920 - The National Negro.
