Gas turbine - Gas turbine A gas turbine is a turbine that extracts energy from a flow of gas, typically air. Intake air is heated by burning after being mixed with some fuel source, then directed out an expanding nozzle, flowing past the turbine on the way. The most familiar form of gas turbine is the jet engine. Jet engines typically use the power extracted from the turbine to drive the compressor and fuel systems. However another common use is not so obvious. Gas turbines running directly on compressed fuel are used throughout the power generation industry. This is particularly efficient because the heat from the gas turbine can be used to drive a conventional steam turbine in a process known as a combined cycle. This can give efficiencies.
Tesla turbine - Tesla turbine The Tesla turbine is a bladeless turbine design patenteded by Nikola Tesla in 1913. It is referred to as a bladeless turbine because it utilizes the boundary layer effect and not by a fluid impacting the blades in a conventional turbine. If a similar set of disks and a housing with an involute shape (versus circular for the turbine) are used, the device can be used as a pump. In this configuration a motor is attached to the shaft. The fluid enters near the center, is given energy by the disks, then exits at the periphery. A Tesla turbine consists of a set of smooth disks, with nozzles applying a moving gas to the edge of the disk. The gases drag on the disk by.
Turbine - Turbine A turbine is a shaft with a fan of blades mounted on it, known as the rotor. This is mounted inside a sealed casing that has a ring of nozzles mounted on it. The activating fluid is blown through these nozzles under high pressure. These jets impact on the turbine's blades and cause it to spin very, very rapidly. Speeds of over 10,000 rpm are common with some very small turbines exceeding 100,000 rpm. Tesla turbine Steam Turbines There are two main types of steam turbine, depending on the shape of the blades and nozzles. Impulse and reaction require a large, separate boiler and condensor plant to work. Gas Turbines Air motor Water turbine These are an adaptation of the jet engine. The air is.
Wind turbine - Wind turbine A wind turbine, windmill or wind generator is a device for converting wind power to mechanical rotation with a low velocity turbine designed for compressible fluids (air). It is a device for producing renewable energy in the form of electric power and is a component of one of the newest form of power plant to be put into operation. For a machine that generates wind, see wind machine. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Location is critical 2 Anatomy 3 Techniques 4 Utilization 5 History 6 External Sites Location is critical Wind generators are impractical in many areas. The available power grows as the cube of the average wind speed. A site with prevailing winds of 30 km/h is eight times as valuable as a site.
Wood gas - Wood gas Wood gas, also known as producer gas, is the mixture of gases that results when wood or other organic materials are heated in an environment with little or no oxygen. Wood gas mainly consists of molecular nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), molecular hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). It is flammable because of the carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane content. Wood gas can be used to power cars with ordinary internal combustion engines if a wood gasifier is attached. This was quite popular during World War II in several European countries. In more recent times, wood gas has been suggested as a clean and efficent method to heat and cook in developing countries, or even to produce electricity when combined with a gas.
Kamen - : K-225 An improved version, the U.S. Navy buys two and Coast Guard one for $25,000 each. Later, they will receive the H-22 designation. December 1951 : A modified K-225 equipped with a Boeing 502 engine becomes the world's first gas turbine powered helicopter , ushering in the turbine age for helicopters. This aircraft is now at the Smithsonian 1953 : Kaman produced the first electrically powered drone April 1953 : HOK (OH-43) 1954 : K-16 A V/STOL designed around a rotoprop March 1954 : A modified Kaman HTK-1 becomes the world's first twin-turbine powered helicopter September, 1956 : HH-43 Huskie A variant of the OH-43, equipped with a Lycoming T-53 turbine engine HH-43B Rotor diameter: 14.33 m each Length: 7.62 m Height: 4.74 m Weight: 2000 kg - Max: 4150.
Jet engine - produces (Newton's third law) is thrust. A jet engine takes a relatively small mass of air and accelerates it by a large amount, whereas a propellor takes a large mass of air and accelerates it by a small amount. The efficiency of the process, like any heat engine, is defined by the ratio of the compressed air's volume to the exhaust volume. The advantage of the jet engine is its efficiency at high speeds (especially supersonic) and high altitudes. On slower aircraft, a propeller (powered by a gas turbine), commonly known as a turboprop is more common. Very small aircraft generally use conventional piston engines to drive a propellor. History The earliest attempts at jet engines were hybrid designs, where the compression was supplied by an external power source. In this.
Heat engine - include: the steam engine, the diesel engine, and the gasoline (petrol) engine in an automobile. All of these familiar heat engines are powered by the expansion of heated gases. The general surroundings are the heat sink, providing relatively cool gases which when heated, expand rapidly to drive the mechanical motion of the engine. Examples of heat engines: Vapor power cycles. In these cycles and engines the working fluid are on gas and liquid: Carnot cycle (Carnot heat engine) Rankine cycle (steam engine) Regenerative cycle Are more efficient than Rankine cycle. Gas power cycles. In these cycles and engines the working fluid are always like gas: Brayton cycle or Joule cycle (gas turbine) Stirling cycle (Stirling engine) Internal combustion engine (ICE): Otto cycle (eg. Gasoline/Petrol engine, high-speed diesel engine) Diesel cycle (eg..
Heinkel He 178 - first flew on August 27 1939 piloted by Erich Warsitz. This had been preceded by a short hop three days earlier. In 1936, a young engineer named Hans von Ohain had taken out a patent on using the exhaust from a gas turbine as a means of propulsion. He presented his idea to Heinkel, who agreed to help develop the concept. Von Ohain successfully demonstrated his first engine in 1937, and plans were quickly put in place to test a similar engine in an aircraft. The He 178 was designed around von Ohain's third engine design, which burned diesel fuel. The result was a small aircraft of conventional configuration and construction, with a metal fuselage and high-mounted wooden wings. The jet intake was in the nose, and the plane was fitted.
Hellmuth Walter - a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines. His most noteworthy contributions were rocket motors for the Messerschmitt Me 163 and Bachem Ba 349 interceptor aircraft, JATO units used for a variety of Luftwaffe aircraft during World War II, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for submarines known as Air Independent Propulsion (AIP). Walter began training as a machinist in 1917 in Hamburg and in 1921 commenced studies in mechanical engineering at the Hamburg Technical Institute. He left before completing these studies, however, in order to take up a position at the Stettiner Maschinenbau AG Vulcan, a major shipyard. Walter’s experience with marine engines here led him to become interested in overcoming some of the limitations of the internal combustion engine. He reasoned that an engine powered.
George Westinghouse - the design until it was, and also worked towards standardization of air brake systems to ensure interoperability between different train lines. In 1893, the US Railroad Safety Appliance Act made air brakes mandatory on all trains in the US, and air brakes remain standard on railroads, trucks, and buses even today. In 1868, Westinghouse went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the next year he set up the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. His air-brake system established his reputation and fortunes. He moved on develop a new automatic signal and switching system using electricity and compressed air, as well as improved car couplers. He then began to expand the scope of his activities. Oil was becoming increasingly important for industrial purposes. Oil drilling tended to release natural gas, which was simply wasted because there.
GTC - may stand for: Gain time control Gas Turbine Centre (Sweden) General Teaching Council (several UK) General Technology Corporation Genome Therapeutics Corporation Gopher Tortoise Council Gran Telescopio Canarias Green tea catechins Ground tactical commander Grove Theater Center (Garden Grove, California, gtc.org) Gateway Technical College (Wisconsin, gtc.edu) Greenville Technical College (Greenville, South Carolina) Griffin Technical College Gwinnett Technical College GTC Telecom.
Fan (implement) - A fan is a device to agitate or move air or gas. It is basically a device for creating a current of air by movement of a surface or surfaces. It is used to move air or gas from one location to another, within or between spaces, for industrial reasons, or for residential use, for ventilation purposes or to increase the circulation of air in a living space. Fans have broad surfaces that usually revolve in motion. Leaves or flat objects, waved to produce a more comfortable atmosphere, have not entirely given way to variable-speed electromechanical devices. In the course of their development, fans have exhibited a great variety of materials, a richness of decorative artwork, and associations with sophisticated milieus that belie the origins of this humble and apparently universal.
Fluid bearing - in the ball bearings, and the resulting possibility of noise and vibration. Fluid bearings are also used where loads are very high and building regular bearingss is difficult or expensive. Fluid Bearings use a thin layer of liquid or gas fluid sealed around the rotating shaft. The speed of rotation of the shaft causes hydrostatic effects that tend to keep the shaft centered in the casing and smooth vibration and noise (accoustics). Fluid bearings can have long service life. According to the ASME, a fluid bearing was installed in the Holtwood Hydroelectric Power Plant (on the Susquehanna River, near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA) in 1912. The 2.25-tonne bearing supports a water turbine and electric generator with a rotating mass of about 165 tonnes and water turbine pressure adding another 40 tonnes. The.
Flow measurement - a variety of ways. In fluid mechanics, flow rate is given the symbol Q. The frequency of rotation of a turbine, anemometer or other rotary mechanism immersed in the passing fluid is linearly related to the flow rate over a range of flow rates. Another method of measurement is to constrict the flow in some fashion, and measure the differential pressure that results across the constriction. This method is widely used to measure flow rate in the transmission of gas through pipelines, and has been used since Roman Empire times. Measurement of the pressure within a pitot tube in the flowing fluid, or the cooling of a heated element by the passing fluid are two other methods that are used. These types of sensors are advantageous in that they are rugged,.
Fluidized bed combustion - upward-blowing jets of air during the combustion process. The result is a turbulent mixing of gas and solids. The tumbling action, much like a bubbling fluid, provides more effective chemical reactions and heat transfer. Fluidized-bed combustion evolved from efforts to find a combustion process able to control pollutant emissions without external emission controls (such as scrubbers). The technology burns fuel at temperatures of 1,400 to 1,700 degrees F, well below the threshold where nitrogen oxides form (at approximately 2,500 degrees F, the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the combustion air combine to form nitrogen oxide pollutants). The mixing action of the fluidized bed results brings the flue gases into contact with a sulfur-absorbing chemical, such as limestone or dolomite. More than 95 percent of the sulfur pollutants in coal can be.
Fossil fuel - hydrocarbon containing fuels such as petroleum (including natural gas) and coal. The utilization of fossil fuels has fueled industrial development and largely supplanted water driven mills and wood or peat burning for heat. With nuclear power, it makes up the category of nuclear-fossil energy. When generating electricity, energy from the combustion of fossil fuels is often used to power a turbine. Older generators used steam generated by the burning of the fuel to turn the turbine, but in newer power plants the gases produced by burning of the fuel turn a gas turbine directly. The burning of fossil fuels is the major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases. Origin There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the biogenic theory and the.
Electricity generation - voltage using power transformers. Electricity has been generated for the purpose of powering human technologies for at least 120 years from various sources of potential energy. The first power plants were run on wood, while today we rely mainly on oil, natural gas, coal, hydroelectric and nuclear power and a small amount from hydrogen, solar energy, tidal harnesses, and wind generators. The generation and distribution of electricity has mostly been in the hands of either privately owned or state owned public utilities. In recent years some governments have started to privatise or corporatise these utilities as part of a move to introduce market forces to monopolies. The New Zealand Electricity Market is a typical example. The demand for electricity can be fed in two different ways. The primary method thus far.
Engine - include reciprocating piston, rotary engines, orbital, also inline, horizontally opposed, V2, V8 up to V16. All of these configurations refer to the movement of the pistons within the cylinder block. A special case is the air engine which is driven by compressed air. see also: Aircraft engine Diesel engine Electric motor Internal-combustion engine Gas turbine Gasoline/Petrol engine Jet engine Rocket Steam engine Timeline of motor and engine technology.
USS Ticonderoga - Commendation. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 General Characteristics 2 General Characteristics 3 Special Characteristics General Characteristics Displacement: 34,800 tons Length: 270 meters (885 feet) Beam: 45 meters (147.5 feet) Draft: 8.7 meters (28.5 feet) Speed: 33 knots Armament: 12 5"/38, 18x4 40mm, 60 20mm, 103 planes Complement: 3,448 Geared turbine engines, 4 screws, 150,000 shaft hp Built at Newport News Shipbuilding and commissioned 8 May 1944 Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 16 November 1973 Sold by Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) for scrapping 1 September 1975 USS Ticonderoga (DDG/CG-47), fifth to bear the name, is a guided-missile cruiser, homeported in Pascagoula, Mississippi. The "Tico" is the lead ship of her class. The contract to build her was awarded to Ingalls Shipbuilding 22 September 1978. Her keel was laid down.
