Gaul - Gaul This article is part of the History of France series. Gaul Franks France in the Middle Ages Valois Dynasty Bourbon Dynasty French Revolution First French Empire French Restoration Second Republic Second French Empire Third Republic France during World War II Fourth Republic Fifth Republic Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Roman name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. In English the word Gaul commonly refers to a Celtic inhabitant of that region in ancient times. But the Gauls were widespread in Europe by Roman times, speaking Celtic languages that had diverged into two groups. Besides the Gauls of modern-day France, Gauls had.
Gaulish language - is a now-extinct Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before Gaul was conquered by the Franks. it is known from a few, quite small pieces of writing. It is a Continental Celtic language, with a fairly complicated inflecting morphology. It has six or seven cases. Unfortunately for the future of the language, it was, in fact, quite similar to Latin. This meant that the Gauls had little trouble learning Latin, and, as that was the dominant language at the time, the language died out, though not until after Gaul began to be conquered. Gregory of Tours mentions that there were still some people in his area who knew how to speak Gaulish at the time he wrote, in the sixth century. The language must have died out, however, shortly after.
Cisalpine Gaul - Cisalpine Gaul Julius Caesar used Gallia Cisalpina for the 'good guys' in Gaul (Gallia) on this side of the Alps from Caesar's point of view (Rome) - and Gallia Transalpina for Gallia on the other side of the Alps. "Gallican" was used for both areas of course. See also: Cisalpine Republic.
Vespasian - which was threatening unrest throughout the East. According to Suetonius, a prophecy ubiquitous in the Eastern provinces claimed that from Judaea would come the future rulers of the world. Vespasian eventually believed that this procphecy applied to him, and found a number of omens and oracles and portents that reinforced this belief. He also found encouragement in Licinius Mucianus, the governor of Syria; and although a strict disciplinarian, and reformer of abuses, Vespasian had a soldiery thoroughly devoted to him. All eyes in the East were now upon him; Mucianus and the Syrian legions were eager to support him; and while he was at Caesarea, he was proclaimed emperor (July 1, 69), first by the army in Egypt, and then by his troops in Judaea (July 11). Nevertheless, Vitellius, the occupant.
Veneti - city, and probably the capital was Darioritum, also called Vannes. See also: List of peoples of Gaul.
Jerome - born to Christian parents, but was not baptized until about 360, when he had gone to Rome with his friend Bonosus to pursue his rhetorical and philosophic studies. Here he studied under Aelius Donatus, the foremost reacher of his time. He also learned Greek, but yet had no thought of studying the Greek Fathers, or any Christian writings. After several years in Rome, he travelled with Bonosus to Gaul and settled in Trier "on the semi-barbarous banks of the Rhine" where he seems to have first taken up theological studies, and where he copied, for his friend Rufinus, Hilary's commentary on the Psalms and the treatise De synodis. Next came a stay of at least several months, or possibly years, with Rufinus at Aquileia where he made many Christian friends. Some.
Virgil - poem in twelve books that deserves to be called the Roman Empire's national epic. Born in the village of Andes (modern Pietole?), near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul (Gaul "this side", i.e., south of the Alps, present northern Italy), Virgil received his earliest schooling at Cremona and Milan (It is a little known fact that Virgil was, in fact, of Celtic ancestry.) He then went to Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. In this period, while he was in the school of Siro the Epicurean, Virgil began writing poetry. A group of minor poems attributed to the youthful Virgil survive but most are spurious. One, the Catalepton (bagatelles?), consists of fourteen little poems, some of which may be Virgil's, and another, a short narrative poem.
Jean-Baptiste Dubos - disclosures, of which the enemy took advantage, and predictions which were not fulfilled, a wag took occasion to remark that the title ought to be read thus: Les Intérêts de l'Angleterre mal entendus par l'abbé Dubos. It is remarkable as containing a distinct prophecy of the revolt of the American colonies from Great Britain. His next work was L'Histoire de la Ligue de Cambray (Paris, 1709, 1728 and 1785, 2 vols.), a full, clear and interesting history, which obtained the commendation of Voltaire. In 1734 he published his Histoire critique de l'établissement de la monarchie française dans les Gaules (3 vols. 4to)--a work the object of which was to prove that the Franks had entered Gaul, not as conquerors, but at the request of the nation, which, according to him, had.
Joannes - notariorum or senior civil servant at the time of his elevation. Procopius praises his mildness, intelligence, and general ability. Unlike the Theodosian emperors, he tolerated all Christian sects. His control over Gaul was insecure: his pretorian prefect of that region was slain at Arles in an uprising of the soldiery there. And Count Boniface, in control of the African provinces, held back the grain fleet from Rome. Joannes had hoped that he could come to an agreement with the emperor Theodosius, but when Theodosius elevated the young Valentinian III first to Caesar, then to co-emperor as an Augustus (undoubtedly influenced by Valentinian's mother Galla Placidia), he knew he could only expect war. Late in 424, he sent one of his younger, but promising, followers Aetius on an embassy to the Huns.
Vincent of Lerins - name of St. Augustine of Hippo, who was especially obnoxious to them, when making honorable mention at any time of the champions of the faith, but he denounces his doctrine, though under a misrepresentation of it, as one of the forms of that novel error which he reprobates. Indeed, whoever will compare what he says in of the heresy which he describes but forbears to name, with Prosper's account of the charges brought against Augustine by certain Semipelagian clergymen of Marseilles, will have little doubt that Vincentius and they had the same teacher in view, and were of the same mind with regard to his teaching. Be this however as it may, when it is considered that the monks of Lérins, in common with the general body of the churchmen of.
John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, 1st Baron Acton - was made a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. His reputation for learning had gradually spread abroad, largely through Gladstone's influence. The latter found him a valuable political adviser, and in 1892, when the Liberal government came in, Lord Acton was made a lord-in-waiting. Finally, in 1895, on the death of Sir John Seeley, Lord Rosebery appointed him to the Regius Professorship of Modern History at Cambridge. The choice was an excellent one. His inaugural lecture on "The Study of History," afterwards published with notes displaying a vast erudition, made a great impression in the university, and the new professor's influence on historical study was felt in many important directions. He delivered two valuable courses of lectures, on the French Revolution and on Modern History, but it was in private that.
Via Domitia - via Domitia was the first Roman road built in Gaul (in modern day France). It was constructed in 118 BC by the proconsul Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, at the time of the foundation of the first Roman colony in Gaul, Colonia Narbo Martius (modern day Narbonne). The via Domitia connected Italy to Spain. At Narbonne, it met the via Aquitania, which lead toward the Atlantic via Toulouse and Bordeaux. Cities along the via Domitia include: (city, département) Beaucaire, Gard Nîmes, Gard Narbonne, Aude The via featured several straight parts, including: Beaucaire and Nîmes: 22 km Ambrussum to Castelnau-le-Lez: 22 km Béziers to Pontserme: 15 km Pontserme to Narbonne: 10 km.
Jovinus - Jovinus Jovinus was a senator of Gaul, and claimed to be Roman Emperor (411 - 413). Following the defeat of Constantine III, Jovinus was proclaimed emperor in a province near the Rhine in 411 by Gundaharius, king of the Burgundians, and Goar, king of the Alani. Jovinus kept his position in Gaul for two years, supported by a number of local aristocrats who had survived Constantine's defeat. His end came when the Visigoths left Italy (at Priscus Attalus' advice) to join him, and their king Ataulf attacked and killed Sarus, who had also come to support Jovinus. Jovinus, offended at this act, failed to consult Ataulf when he elevated his brother Sebastian as co-emperor. Insulted, Ataulf allied the Visigoths with Honorius, and defeated Jovinus' troops. Jovinus fled for his.
John S. Mosby - instructed to form a more collective "Virginia Volunteers," which he created with two mounted companies and eight companies of infantry and riflemen including the Washington Mounted Rifles). Mosby was upset with the Virginia Volunteer's lack of congeniality and he wrote to Governor requesting to be transfered, but his request was not granted. The Virginia Volunteers participated in the First Battle of Bull Run. Mosby's Men () After impressing Jeb Stuart, Mosby was promoted to first lietenant and joined Stuart's calvary scouts helping the General develop attack strategies. He was responsible for Stuart's "Ride around Mclellan. Mosby was imprisoned in the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC for ten days. In January 1863, Stuart granted Mosby's request to form a guerilla unit, which Mosby called his Partisan Rangers. Initially, Mosby's group consisted.
Julius Caesar - his debts. Caesar's debut as Pontifex was however marked by a scandal. Following the death of his wife Cornelia, he had married Pompeia, a granddaughter of Sulla. As the wife of the Pontifex and an important matrona, Pompeia was responsible for the organization of the Bona Dea festival in December. These rites were exclusive to women and considered very sacred. However, Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to get in the house disguised as a woman. This was absolute sacrilege and Pompeia received a letter of divorce. Caesar himself admitted that she could be innocent in the plot, but, as he said: "Caesar's wife, like the rest of Caesar's family, must be above suspicion." Sixty-three BC was an especially difficult year, not only for Caesar, but for the Roman Republic itself. Marcus Tullius.
Justus - 604 and King Ethelbert of Kent built him a church at Rochester. In 617 during the heathen reaction under Eadbald, with Mellitus he fled into Gaul, but was recalled after a year and restored to his bishopric (see Laurence of Canterbury). He succeeded Mellitus as archbishop in 624, consecrated Romanus as his successor at Rochester, and sent Paulinus to Northumbria. He received the pallium from Pope Boniface V..
Julius Nepos - select a new western Augustus. He chose Nepos, the governor of the province of Dalmatia, and in June 474, Nepos entered Ravenna, was accepted as emperor and forced Glycerius to step down. Glycerius was shunted off to Dalmatia as bishop of the city of Salona, where they later crossed paths again. As emperor, Nepos tried to consolidate the empire's remaining holdings, which consisted of Italy and footholds in northern and southern Gaul. He was able to renegotiate a recently concluded peace settlement with the Visigoths and their king Euric, which restored the Provence region of Gaul to imperial control in exchange for some other, minor territories which Nepos was unable to maintain firm control over. But he was less successful in negotiating with Geiseric, the King of the Vandals, who was.
Julia Caesaris - city. Tiberius, who still detested her, pulled the punishment forward and ordered that she could not leave one room and see nobody. Later, Caligula, who loathed the idea of being grand-son of the up-start Agrippa, invented that his mother Agrippina was the product of an incestuous union between Julia and Augustus. Caesar's daughter Julia Caesaris was the only child of Julius Caesar, born from his first marriage with Cornelia Cinna. In April 59 BC, Caesar married his daughter to Pompey, although she was promised to Faustus Cornelius Sulla (Sulla's heir). The motives were purely political, as both men needed to solidify their alliance (triumvirate) against the conservative faction of the senate, led by Cato the Younger. But according to Plutarch, Pompey fell in love with his young wife and, because wives.
Icaunus - Brythonic mythology, Icaunus was the god of the river Yonne in Gaul (cur: France)..
Irenaeus - Irenaeus (c. 130 - 202) was bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul, which is now Lyons, France. He is recognized as a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, and his writings were formative in the early development of Christian theology. His feast day is June 28. The Catholic Church considers him a Father of the Church. He was a disciple of Polycarp, who himself was a disciple of John the Evangelist. Biography Irenaeus is thought to have been a Greek from Polycarp's hometown of Smyrna in Asia Minor, now Izmir, Turkey. He was brought up in a Christian family, rather than converting as an adult, and this may help explain his strong sense of orthodoxy. Irenaeus was one of the first Christian writers to use the principle.
