Historical geology - Historical geology Historical geology is the use of the principles of geology to reconstruct and understand the history of the earth. It focuses on geologic events that change the earth's surface and the use of stratigraphy to tell the sequence of these events. It also focuses on the evolution of plants and animals during different time periods in the Geologic timescale. Nicolaus Steno (also known as Niels Stensen) was the first to observe and propose some of the basic concepts of historical geology. One of these concept was that fossils originally came from living organisms. The other, more famous, observations are often grouped together to form the Laws of Stratigraphy. James Hutton also contributed to early understanding of the earth's history with his observations at Edinburgh concerning.
Geology - Geology Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, "the earth") and λογος (logos, "science")) is the science and study of the earth, its history, and the processes that shape it. The word was first used in this sense by Jean-André de Luc in the year 1778 and introduced by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure in the year 1779 as a fixed term. [An older sense of the word is first mentioned by Richard de Bury in 1473. He used it to distinguish between earthly and theological jurisprudence.] Geology is also sometimes used about similar studies of other bodies of the solar system. However, specialised terms such as selenology (studies of the Moon), areology (of Mars), etc., are also in use. History Georg Agricola (1494-1555) wrote the first systematic treatise about.
Geology of Victoria - Geology of Victoria The southern end of the Great Dividing Range extends into Victoria along the East coast and terminates near Ballarat. The nearby and fairly distinct Grampain range may be the final part of the range. The Highest mountains in Victoria (about 2100 metres (??)), the Victoria Alps and Ski resorts are in the North Eastern area. There was an area of extensive volcanism in Central Victoria and southwestern Victoria where there are numerous extinct volcanoes and volcanic lakes. The most recent volcano was at Mt Eccles which last erupted a few thousand years ago. This volcanism was the source of the Victorian Gold fields. Large basaltic lava flows are present on the western side of Melbourne and in the southwest of the state. The.
Geology of the Alps - Geology of the Alps The Alps form but a small portion of a great zone of crumpling which stretches, in a series of curves, from the Atlas Mountains to the Himalayas. Within this zone the crust of the earth has been ridged up into a complex system of creases or folds, out of which the great mountain chains of southern Europe and Asia have been carved by atmospheric agencies. Superficially, the continuity of the zone is broken at intervals by gaps of greater or less extent; but these are due, in part at least, to the subsidence of portions of the folded belt and their subsequent burial by more recent accumulations. Such a gap is that between the Alps and the Carpathians, but a glance at.
Geology of the Yosemite area - Geology of the Yosemite area The area of Yosemite National Park was astride a passive continental margin (similar to the east coast of present-day North America) during the Precambrian and early Paleozoic. Starting in the mid-Paleozoic, a convergent plate boundary developed off the coast and transported seabed sediments into the area of the park in the pre-late Devonian possibly during the Antler orogony. Subduction led to the creation of an island arc of volcanoes on the west coast of Laurentia (proto-North America) between the late Devonian to Permian. These rocks were incorporated into the proto-North America by the middle Triassic, some of which found their way to the area of the park. Most of these volcanic and sedimentary rocks have since been heavily metamorphosed, uplifted and.
Geology of the Lassen area - Geology of the Lassen area Cinder Cone from the Fantastic Lava Beds Lassen Peak from Devastated Area , Lassen Peak from the summit of Brokeoff Mountain. Photo shows 1915 tongue of lava and Volcan's Eye , The source of heat for volcanism in the Lassen Volcanic National Park area was, and still is, subduction off the Northern California coast of the Gorda Plate diving below the North American Plate. Formation of basement rocks In the Cenozoic, uplifting and westward tilting of the Sierra Nevada along with extensive volcanism generated huge lahars (volcanic-derived mud flows) in the Pliocene which became the Tuscan Formation. This formation is not exposed anywhere in the national park but it is just below the surface in many areas. Also in the Pliocene,.
Geology of Mount Shasta - Geology of Mount Shasta Shasta Valley Avalanche Gulch on Mt Shasta , Black Butte from Weed, California Diller Canyon on Mt Shastina from Weed, California , About 593,000 years ago andesitic lavas erupted in what is now Mount Shasta's western flank near McBride Spring. Over time an ancestral Shasta stratovolcano was built to an unknown height but sometime between 300,000 to 360,000 the entire north side of the volcano collapsed, creating an enormous landslide (6.5 cubic miles in volume). The slide flowed northwestward into Shasta Valley where the Shasta River now cuts through the 28 mile long flow. The remains of the oldest of Shasta's four cones is now exposed at Seageants Ridge on the south side of the mountain. Lavas from the Sargeants Ridge vent.
Geology of Mount Adams - Geology of Mount Adams Mount Adams was born in relatively late Pleistocene time compared to most other Cascade Range volcanoes. Adams grew in several pulses of mostly lava-extruding eruptions. Each eruptive cycle was separated from one another by long periods of dormancy during which glaciers eroded the mountain to below 9000 feet (~2700 meters). Potassium-argon dating has identified two such eruptive periods; one 275,000 - 200,000 years ago and 150,000 - 100,000 years ago. Most of these eruptions and therefore most of the volcano, consisted of lava flows with little tephra. The loose material that makes up much of Adams' core is made of brecciated lava. Andesite and basalt flows 20 to 200 feet (~6-61 meters) thick circle the base of the volcano (they filled existing.
Economic geology - Economic geology Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be utilized for economic and/or industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals, construction-grade stone, petroleum minerals, coal, and water. The term commonly refers to metallic mineral deposits and mineral resources. The techniques employed by other earth science disciplines (such as geochemistry, mineralogy, geophysics, and structural geology) might all be used to understand, describe, and exploit an economic mineral deposit. The following excerpts and definitions from U.S. Geological Survey Circular 831, Principles of a Resource/Reserve Classification for Minerals (www.ut.blm.gov/NewsReleases/nrjan16USGSCircular831.pdf) provides some insight into the basic concepts of classification of economic mineral resources. Resource: A concentration of naturally occurring solid, liquid, or gaseous material in or on the Earth's crust in such form and.
Environmental geology - Environmental geology Environmental geology is closely related to environmental geography. It is the study of the interaction of humans with the geologic environment including the atmosphere, the biosphere, the lithosphere, and the hydrosphere. It includes: 1. managing geological resources such as fossil fuels, minerals, water, and land space 2. mitigating effects of natural hazards on humans 3. geological engineering which is the construction in and use of the geological environment, and 4. waste disposal and minimizing effects of pollution.
Extrusive (geology) - Extrusive (geology) Extrusive refers to a mode of igneous rock (geology) formation, in which hot magma from inside the earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface. The main effect of extrusion is that the magma can cool much more quickly in the open air, and there is little time for the growth of crystals. Often, a residual portion of the groundmass (geology) fails to crystalize at all, instead becoming an interstitial glass. If the magma contains free gas, which is common, then it may cool with large and small bubble shaped cavities, or the rock may be porous..
Deposition (geology) - Deposition (geology) Deposition is the geological process whereby material is being added to a landform. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Kame delta - (in the sense of the Greek letter) or triangular shape. Often upon melting of the glacier the edges of the delta may subside as ice under it melts and glacial till may be deposited in the lateral or side area also as material is deposited from the melting glacier. References glossary of important terms in glacial geology Compare http://www.internet-encyclopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Kame_delta.
Kerogen - oils), refractory kerogen breaks down to form light hydrocarbons (i.e. gases) and inert kerogen forms graphite. See also: petroleum geology..
Kielce - previously in Kielce Voivodship (1975-1998). Baroque Bishops Palace (XVII c.), Cathedral (XII/XVII c.) Interesting geology (5 nature reserves in town area) and vicinity: Holy Cross Mountains History: first mentioned in the 11th century. Links http://www.um.kielce.pl - town site.
Kirkcudbrightshire - south of Dalbeattie 27 miles from its source; the Ken, rising on the confines of Ayrshire, flows mainly in a southerly direction and joins the Dee at the southern end of Loch Ken after a course of 24 miles through lovely scenery; and the Deugh which, rising on the northern flank of the Windy Standard, pursues an extraordinarily winding course of 20 miles before reaching the Ken. The Nith, during the last few miles of its flow, forms the boundary with Dumfriesshire, to which county it almost wholly belongs. The lochs and mountain tarns are many and well-distributed; but except for Loch Ken, which is about 6 miles long by half a mile wide, few of them attain noteworthy dimensions. There are several passes in the hill regions, but the only.
Vexillology - world and author of many books and articles on this subject. The word vexillology is a synthesis of the Latin word "vexillum" and the suffix "-logy" which is used in the names of other sciences (biology, geology, sociology, psychology...). See List_of_ologies. Vexillologists are active in several national associations under the umbrella of FIAV (Fédération Internationale des Associations Vexillologiques). Every year, FIAV organizes an international congress of vexillology (ICV 2003 was in Stockholm, Sweden). Internet activity of vexillologists centers around the Flags of the World (FOTW) Website and mailing list..
J. Robert Janes - Canadian author born in Toronto. A mining engineer by profession, he taught geology, geography and high school mathematics and later geology at Brock University until he dedicated himself to writing full time. Janes has published fourteen novels, five mystery novels for children, and textbooks on geology. His St.Cyr & Kohler mysteries, set in occupied France during World War II, are his most popular works and critically acclaimed by The Wall Street Journal, amongst others, for their historic accuracy. The American based Western Society for French History, used his writings as a study of the convergence of fiction with history. Works Gypsy Sandman Carousel Kaleidoscope Mayhem The Alice Factor The Hiding Place The Third Story The Toy Shop The Watcher Dollmaker Mannequin Salamander Stonekiller.
James Hutton - uniformitarianism and the Plutonist school of thought. Considered by many to be the father of modern geology. Trained as both a lawyer and medical doctor, Hutton found himself attracted to the nascent science of geology. While working as a "gentleman farmer" in Berwickshire during his thirties and forties, he hit on a variety of ideas to explain the rock formations he saw around him. Moving to Edinburgh, then in the throes of the Scottish Enlightenment, he fell in with several first-class minds in the sciences including John Playfair and Joseph Black. His new theories placed him into opposition with the then-popular Neptunist theories of Abraham Gottlob Werner, that all rocks had precipitated out of a single enormous flood. He noted, for example, that many layers of sedimentary rocks butted up against.
James David Forbes - of Extinction of the Sun's Rays passing through it." In 1846 he began experiments on the temperature of the earth at different depths and in different soils near Edinburgh, which yielded determinations of the thermal conductivity of trap-tufa, sandstone and pure loose sand. Towards the end of his life he was occupied with experimental inquiries into the laws of the conduction of heat in bars, and his last piece of work was to show that the thermal conductivity of iron diminishes with increase of temperature. His attention was directed to the question of the flow of glaciers in 1840 when he met Louis Agassiz at the Glasgow meeting of the British Association, and in subsequent years he made several visits to Switzerland and also to Norway for the purpose of obtaining.
