German language - German language nds:Düütsch German (Deutsch) is one of the world's major languages, a member of the western group of Germanic languages. It is spoken primarily in Germany, Austria, the major part of Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Südtirol (South Tyrol) region of Italy, the Opole (Oppeln) Voivodship of Poland, parts of Belgium, parts of Romania and the Alsace (Elsass) region of France. Additionally, several former colonial possessions of these countries, such as Namibia, have sizable German-speaking populations, and there are German-speaking minorities in several eastern European countries, including Russia, Hungary and Slovenia, and in the United States. Approximately 125 Million people have German as their mother tongue. German is the third most popular foreign language worldwide, and the second most popular in Europe (after English), USA and.
Kafka's language - Kafka's language One of the most interesting aspects of Kafka's work is that he wrote in Prussian dialect, not German. Prussian literature is uncommon, at best, as Prussian is thought to be a strict, highly technical language-- the language of engineers. (The difference between Prussian and German is akin to the difference between the English of Nabokov's Lolita and that of the Owner's Manual from a '94 Jeep Wrangler.) In this regard, Kafka follows an interesting Jewish literary tradition: the oldest Jewish prayers (e.g. Mourner's Kaddish) and literature (e.g. The Old Testament's Song of Songs, aka the Song of Solomon) are written in Aramaic-- a trade language older than Hebrew. The vast bulk of the Jewish contribution to World Literature and Art, prior to WWII and Shoa.
Inflected language - Inflected language In an inflected language, words change form according to grammatical function - this is called inflection. Contrast isolating languages, which present the same information with word order and helper words more often than highly inflected languages do. Often the unmodified word root is a valid word by itself. However, distinguishing helper words from prefixes or suffixes in some languages (such as Japanese) can bring difficulty. Several Native American languages are perhaps the most highly inflected languages known. The Navajo language is famous for its use by the United States during World War II as a spoken code. Other highly inflected languages include Mohawk, Inuktitut and Nahuatl. These languages inflect words to such a degree that a single word is often translated as an entire sentence.
Indo-European languages - three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. The hypothesis that this was so was first proposed by Sir William Jones, who noticed similarities between four of the oldest languages known in his time, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit and Persian. Systematic comparison of these and other old languages conducted by Franz Bopp supported this theory. In the 19th century, scholars used to call the group "Indo-Germanic languages". However when it became apparent that the connection is relevant to most of Europe's languages, the name was expanded to Indo-European. An example of this was the strong similarity discovered between Sanskrit and olden spoken dialects of Lithuanian. The common ancestral (reconstructed) language is called Proto-Indo-European (PIE). There is disagreement as.
Intellectual, political, literary and cultural movements in German lands - Intellectual, political, literary and cultural movements in German lands This entry deals with Intellectual, political, literary and cultural movements that have been contributing to the world of thoughts through the German language, the majority of them natives or denizens of modern day Germany, Austria, Switzerland and countries where German has been spoken. The body of German Intellectual, political, literary and cultural traditions in general shows certain distinctiveness and uniqueness in its dynamics and focuses, from the French, Anglo-Saxon, Russian and other Western and non-Western philosophical traditions, therefore warrant special attentions. Wiki links: List of German language philosophers Austrian intellectual traditions Viennese school Oswald Spengler Carl Gustav Jung Sigmund Freud Sturm und Drang German Romanticism German philosophy.
Volga German - Volga German A Volga German is a German descendant living near the Volga River, maintaining German culture, German language, German traditions and religions: Evangelist Lutheran, Roman Catholic. After she displaced Peter III from the Russian throne, German princess Sophie Fredericke Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst, a native of Stettin, took the vacant imperial throne, under the name of Catherine II the Great. Catherine II published some manifestos inviting Germans to immigrate and farm Russian lands, maintaining their language and culture. The Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of the Volga Germans (Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen; Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика Немцёв Поволжья) was established from 1924 to 1942 with the capitals in Engels..
High German - High German High German (in German, Hochdeutsch) is any of several West Germanic languages spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg (as well as in neighbouring portions of Belgium, France (Alsace), Italy, Poland, and Romania (Transylvania) and in some areas of former colonial settlement, i.e. in Namibia). Alternatively, and especially in Switzerland and Luxembourg, the term "High German" may refer to one High German dialect to the exclusion of all others, standard written German. In the first context, the "high" refers to the mountainous areas of southern Germany and the Alps; in the second context, the "high" means "official". The term also sometimes includes Yiddish. The use of High German to refer only to the official German language is not linguistic use, and tends to lead.
History of the Hebrew language - History of the Hebrew language Introduction The Hebrew language belongs to Canaanite branch of the so-called Semitic family of Afroasiatic languages. It strongly resembles Aramaic and to a lesser extent the South-Central Arabic, sharing many linguistic features with them. Hebrew is currently spoken by a community of about 10 million people, of whom about 5 million live in the State of Israel, and the rest in the various countries of the Jewish diaspora. Hebrew is one of the three official languages of Israel, alongside English and Arabic. Early history At the end of the 3rd Millenium BCE the ancestral languages of Aramaic, Ugaritic and other various Canaanite languages swirled around in the Levant alongside the influential dialects of Ebla and Akkad. As the Hebrew founders from northern Haran.
History of the Slovak language - History of the Slovak language This is a tabular history of the Slovak language. See also History of Slovakia. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early History 2 Standardization: 3 Modern History Early History ;around 500: arrival of the Slavs on the territory of Slovakia ;6th – 7th century: Phonological differentiation within the uniform Slavic language (Proto-Slavic) begins and it also occurs on the territory of Slovakia. For some results of this differentiation, see 9th century. ;9th century: Nitrian principality (till 833) in Slovakia and Great Moravia (833-?907) in Slovakia and Moravia.A dialect exists in central Slovakia that has changed the Proto-Slavic groups –ort-, -olt- in rat-, lat- (as in today standard, Slovak language), e. g. in the name of the Great Moravian prince Rastislav (in Czech Rostislav). Furthermore,.
Ubykh language - Ubykh language Ubykh is a language of the Northwestern Caucasian group, which was spoken by the people of the same name up until the early 1990s. It is characterised, like most other Northwest Caucasian languages, by the following features: Ubykh is an ergative language, making no distinction between the subject of an intransitive sentence and the direct object of a transitive sentence. It is highly agglutinative, using mainly monosyllabic or bisyllabic roots, but with single morphological words sometimes reaching eight or nine syllables in length. Affixes rarely fuse in any way. It has a simple nominal system, contrasting just four noun cases, and not marking grammatical number in the direct or locative cases. Its system of verbal agreement is frighteningly complex. English verbs must agree only with.
Hungarian language - Hungarian language Hungarian (Magyar) is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and in certain areas of Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Slovenia, all territories acquired after World War I. (As Hungarians say: "Hungary is perhaps the only country which is surrounded by itself." - because on the other side of every border is a land which used to be part of Hungary.) There are about 14.5 million speakers, of which 10 million live in Hungary. Hungarian vocabulary contains many words borrowed from various Turkic languages, as well as a few words borrowed from the Turkish language, and several hundred loans from German and Slavic languages but has retained its Ugric originality. The basic vocabulary shares many words with Finnish (e.g. the numbers egy ~ yksi, kettő.
Hutterite German - Hutterite German Hutterite German (Hutterisch) is an Upper German dialect of the Austro-Bavarian variety of the German language, which is spoken by Hutterite communities in Canada and the United States. Hutterite is also called Tirolean, but this is an anachronism. Hutterite is spoken in the US States of Washington, Montana, North and South Dakota, and Minnesota; and in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Its speakers belong to the Schmiedleit, Lehrerleit, and Dariusleit Hutterite groups, but there are also speakers among the older generations of Prairieleit (the descendants of those Hutterites who chose not to settle in colonies). Hutterite children who grow up in the colonies learn and speak first Hutterite German before learning English, the standard language of the surrounding areas. Hutterite German is.
Germany - Republic, to the south by Austria and Switzerland and to its west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands. Germany is a founding member of the European Union. Bundesrepublik Deutschland ([[Flag of GermanyIn Detail]]) National motto: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (German: Unity and Justice and Freedom)'' Official language German¹ Capital Berlin Largest City Berlin President: Johannes Rau Chancellor: Gerhard Schröder Area - Total - % water Ranked 61st 357,022.90 km2 2.18% Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 13th 83,251,851 231/km² Formation/ unification Treaty of Verdun (843), January 18, 1871, May 23, 1949 October 3, 1990 Currency Euro², German euro coins Time zone UTC +1 National anthem Das Lied der Deutschen (third verse only) Internet TLD .DE Calling Code 49 (1) Danish, Sorbian and Frisian are officially recognized and protected.
German - German The word German can mean: From or related to Germany - see also Holy Roman Empire, German Empire, Nazi Germany for certain periods of history The German language When used to denote a person, it can either denote an inhabitant of Germany, or an ethnic German The name 'German' is (not preciselly) sometimes also used for the various peoples that lived in Germany and other parts of Central Europe in the period of the Holy Roman Empire. See: Germanic peoples This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. If you followed a link here, you might want to go back and fix that link to point to the appropriate specific page..
Germanic peoples - given the broad label of Germanic (Latin: Germanicus) by the Romans. In the absence of large-scale political unification, such as that imposed by the Romans upon the peoples of Italy, it is doubtful that most of these groups viewed themselves as connected in any direct cultural, linguistic, or political sense. The idea of a single German people, or Volk, is a relatively recent development, largely invented by 19th century Nationalist writers after the disastrous Napoleonic Wars. They did, however, have a name for non-Germanic peoples, Walha, from which the local names Welsh, Wallis, Walloon, and Wallachia have been derived. They also spoke mutually intelligible dialects and shared a common mythology and story telling as testified by f.i. Beowulf and the Saga of the Volsungs. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Origin 2.
German literature - German literature Some of the major movements or time periods of German literature are: High and late Middle Ages Humanism and Reformation Baroque Enlightenment Sturm und Drang Classicism Romanticism Biedermeier Junges Deutschland Poetic realism Naturalism Fin de siècle German literature of the Classical Moderne (German: Klassische Moderne) Expressionism Dadaism Exile literature Holocaust and survivor literature German literature after World War II For well-known authors who wrote or write literature in the German language see list of German language authors and list of German language poets..
Yiddish language - Yiddish language Yiddish (ייִדיש, Jiddisch) is a Germanic language spoken by about four million Jews throughout the world. The name Yiddish itself means 'Jewish' and is originally short for yidish daytsh, or 'Jewish German'; an older term in English is Judaeo-German. The language arose in central Europe between the 9th and 12th centuries as an amalgam of Middle High German dialects, incorporating also many Hebrew words. Yiddish eventually split into West and East Yiddish. The latter in turn split into Northeast and Southeast Yiddish. Modern Yiddish, and especially East Yiddish, contains a great many words derived from Slavic languages. Like Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish), Yiddish is generally written using an adaptation of the Hebrew alphabet. However, Yiddish itself is not linguistically related to Hebrew, despite containing a large component.
German philosophy - German philosophy This entry deals with works, schools, movements of minds that have been contributing to the world of thoughts through the German language, the majority of them natives or denizens of modern day Germany, Austria, Switzerland and countries where German has been spoken. The body of German philosophical traditions in general shows certain distinctiveness and uniqueness in its dynamics and focuses, from the French, Anglo-Saxon, Russian and other Western and non-Western philosophical traditions, therefore warrant special attentions. Wiki links: List of German language philosophers Intellectual, political, literary and cultural movements in German lands Austrian intellectual traditions Viennese school Oswald Spengler Carl Gustav Jung Sigmund Freud Sturm und Drang German Romanticism German literature History of philosophy Philosophical movement German idealism French materialism Modern philosophy Immanuel Kant.
German Romanticism - German Romanticism In the philosophy, art, and culture of German-speaking countries, German Romanticism was the dominant cultural movement of much of the nineteenth century. Since the aesthetic of German classicism was a relatively late development compared to its English counterpart (Goethe, Classicism's greatest figure, lived well into the 19th century), German romanticism followed very closely after it. In contrast to the seriousness of English romanticism, the German variety is notable for valuing humor and wit as well as beauty. Its aesthetic theory, also, seems very different in favoring fragmentation and incompleteness, rather than only perfection and unity. Key figures of German romanticism are listed below. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Literary and philosophical figures 2 Musical figures 3 See also Literary and philosophical figures Friedrich Schlegel.
German in the United States - German in the United States Before the World War I, more than 6 percent of American schoolchildren received their primary education only in German. Furthermore, more than 45 million Americans claim they have German ancestors. Only 1.5 million, however, speak that language at the present time. The Amish speak a dialect of German known as Pennsylvania Dutch. A myth holds that German was to be the official language of the US, replacing English to sever ties with Great Britain, but this is inaccurate: It is based on a failed early attempt to have government documents translated into German. [1] See also: Bilingual education Chinese in the United States French in the United States Languages in the United States. Spanish in the United States.
