Gift economy - Gift economy A gift economy is an economic system in which participants give away things of value to the shared benefit of the community. Gift economies were first formally recognized in the potlatch rituals of Native American societies in the Pacific Northwest. Leaders would give away large amounts of perishable goods to their followers. The Western scientific tradition is an example of a gift economy. A scientist produces research papers and gives them away to other scientists, through journals and conferences. The other scientists are free to refer to the first scientist's papers. The more citations the scientist has, the more prestige and respect he has, which can attract funding and positions. All of the scientists benefit from an increased pool of knowledge. The concept of.
Economy of Egypt - Economy of Egypt Overview A series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance during the 1990s. Through sound fiscal and monetary policies, Cairo tamed inflation, slashed budget deficits, and built up foreign reserves. Although the pace of structural reforms, such as privatization and new business legislation, has been slower than the IMF envisioned, Egypt's steps toward a more market-oriented economy have prompted increased foreign investment. Lower combined hard currency inflows - from tourism, worker remittances, oil revenues, and Suez Canal tolls - in 1998 and the first half of 1999 resulted in pressure on the Egyptian pound and sporadic dollar shortages, but external payments were not in.
Command economy - Command economy In a command economy economic decisions are made on behalf of the public by planners who determine what sorts of goods and services and how they are to be allocated. Although a command economy may include exchanges of money, these exchanges are less important in allocating resources than the central plan. Command economies are usually contrasted with market economies; a palace economy may be regarded as a command economy floating on top of and supported by a subsistence economy. A command economy is also different from socialism. It is possible, for example, to advocate large amounts of government intervention in the economy but within the context of a market economy. Support for command economies Supporters of planned economies cast them as a practical measure to.
Market economy - Market economy A market economy is an economy in which most allocations of resources occur as a result of interactions between buyers and sellers of goods and services. It is often contrasted with a command economy in which most allocations of resources occur as a result of commands issued by a central agency (see communism). Although market economies are often identified with capitalism, if could be argued that the connection need not be very strong. It is possible for a market economy to have government intervention in the economy. The key difference between market economies and command economies lies not with the degree of government influence but with how that influence is used. In a market economy, if the government wants more steel, it collects taxes and.
Vedic civilization - some have claimed go back to the 5th millennium BC. The use of Vedic Sanskrit continued up to the 6th century BC. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The early Aryans 1.1 Political organization 1.2 Society and economy 1.3 Literature and Religion 2 The later Vedic period 2.4 Kingdoms 2.5 Society 3 References The early Aryans Unfortunately, the origin of the Vedic civilization and its relation to the Indus Valley civilization remains highly controversial. The texts describe a geography that some believe to be north India. The greatest river of the Rigveda was Sarasvati, often identified with the defunct Hakra river in modern-day Pakistan, which ceased to reach the sea by about 1900 BC. Our knowledge of the early Aryans comes mainly from the Rigveda, the earliest of the Vedas. Political organization.
James Martineau - the following year he was ordained for a Unitarian church in Dublin, whose senior minister was a relative of his. But his career was suddenly cut short in 1832 by difficulties growing out of the "regium donum," which had on the death of the senior minister fallen to him. He conceived it as "a religious monopoly" to which "the nation at large contributes," while "Presbyterians alone receive," and which placed him in" a relation to the state" so "seriously objectionable" as to be "impossible to hold." The invidious distinction it drew between Presbyterians on the one hand, and Catholics, Friends, freethinking Christians, unbelievers and Jews on the other, who were compelled to support a ministry they conscientiously disapproved, offended his conscience. From Dublin he was called to Liverpool, and there for.
John Kenneth Galbraith - American economists: he is an "old-fashioned" Keynesian with progressive values and a gift for writing accessible, popular books on economic topics in which he takes delight in describing ways in which economic theory does not always mesh with real life. Galbraith was born in Iona Station, Ontario, Canada. He graduated from the University of Toronto and then got an M.S and Ph.D from the University of California, Berkeley. During World War II, Galbraith served a tenure as deputy head of the Office of Price Administration. After the war, he became an advisor to post-war administrations in Germany and Japan. In 1949, Galbraith was appointed professor of economics at Harvard University. He was a friend of President John F. Kennedy and was appointed by Kennedy as U.S. ambassador to India from 1961.
Juliana of the Netherlands - In the city of Ottawa, where few people recognized her, Princess Juliana sent her two daughters to public school, did her own grocery buying and shopped at Woolworth's Department Store. She enjoyed going to the movies and often would stand innocuously in the lineup to purchase her ticket. When her next door neighbor was about to give birth, the Princess of the Netherlands offered to baby-sit the woman's other children. When her third child Margriet was born, the Parliament of Canada passed a special law declaring as extraterritorial Princess Juliana's rooms at the Ottawa Civic Hospital so that the infant would have exclusively Dutch, and not dual, nationality. The Canadian government flew the Dutch tricolor flag on parliament's Peace Tower while its carillon rang out with Dutch music at the news.
Information Awareness Office - Total Information Awareness; this was amended in May of 2003 to Terrorist Information Awareness (TIA). The IAO was once headed by John Poindexter, former National Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan and chief architect of the Iran-Contra Affair. The IAO, and its stated mission, are a gift to conspiracy theorists and paranoiacs everywhere, particularly with its use of the pseudo-Masonic eye-in-pyramid symbol in their logo. The IAO's Illuminati-esque logo features the all-seeing eye of God from the Great Seal of the United States replaced with the all-seeing eye of the Information Awareness Office gazing at the Earth, and the Latin motto "scientia est potentia," meaning "knowledge is power". On approximately December 19, 2002, the pyramid logo was removed without comment from the official IAO webpage, presumably in response to widespread criticism.
InfoAnarchy wiki - retrieval, distribution and management. It is part of the infoAnarchy website. The wiki states it is dedicated to: information related to file sharing, copyright, the gift economy, cyber liberties, peer to peer research, information tools, and similar topics which are discussed on infoAnarchy. [1] The website slogan is: "Which future do you want to live in?" This alludes to the perspective that, if traditional intellectual property laws are rigidly enforced, the digital commons of the Internet might be destroyed. The infoAnarchy wiki uses the UseMod software. The rest of the infoAnarchy website is based on Scoop. All content contributed to the wiki is in the public domain and may therefore be freely used for any purpose..
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis - the Western Desert forces met in Tunisia in January 1943, he became deputy to Dwight Eisenhower and Supreme Allied Commander in Italy. He was Eisenhower's preference to command D-Day but Churchill pressured to keep him in Italy, where he captured Rome in 1944. He received the German surrender in Italy on April 29 1945. Sir Harold Alexander was created Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1946 for his leadership the North Africa and Italy. In December 1946 he was made a Knight of the Garter and was elevated to Earl in 1952. After the war Alexander was Governor General of Canada (1946-1952), and was a popular choice among the Canadian population. In addition to his reputation for military genius, Lord Alexander had a charismatic gift for making friends and communicating with people..
Haida - ceremony called potlatch to mark important life events and to redistribute wealth. A capable man was much admired for being willing to offer a feast, give away much wealth, and then start again to accumulate wealth. For some decades, the potlatch was opposed by the Anglo-European missionaries and lawmen, but today the people can legally potlatch. (See gift economy.) The Haida are known for their intricate weavings, hammered copper pieces, great canoes that travelled hundreds of miles, stories of heroic times. One of the Haida's sacred symbols is Kiidk'yaas, a sitka spruce tree with a rare mutation causing its needles to be golden in colour. The tree stood on the Yakoun River in Haida Gwaii until it was surreptitiously cut down in 1997, causing great consternation in the Haida community. However,.
Håkon Melberg - one of the most promising young linguists we have had at the university during the last 30 years (? den siste menneskealder). All who have learned to know him deeply regret that he is leaving the university. I can no better recommendation give him." C. Marstrander (sign) ) This was for a treatise titled 'Genitivus qualitatis en Latin et des langues Indo-europeennes', 1932 From Professor Dr. L.L. Hammerich, President i Det Kgl. Danske Videnskabers Selskab, København, May 23, 1953 (Extract, unauthorised translation from Danish): "Mr. Håkon Melberg is a scientist with exceptionally (?særdeles) good knowledge of Celtic and old German philology, and in the Scandinavian and other German peoples' elder history. He is also a man rich on ideas and with a gift for comprehensive methodical work. That I, even on.
History of Greece - the new constitution led to the deposition of the King in 1862. The Great Powers chose a prince of the Danish House of Glücksburg, a son of King Christian IX of Denmark, as his successor. He became George I, King of the Hellenes. The Megali Idea (Great Idea), a vision to unite all Greeks living within the borders of the declining Ottoman Empire with the newly independent Greek State, exerted strong influence on the early Greek state. At independence, Greece had an area of 47,515 square kilometers, and its northern boundary extended from the Gulf of Volos to the Gulf of Arta. The Ionian Islands were added in 1864 as a gift from Great Britain to the new King George I; Thessaly and part of Epirus in 1881; Macedonia, Crete, Epirus,.
History of Uganda - ruled part of Uganda by martial law for five years before a military coup in 1971 brought Amin into power. Amin's bloody regime was followed by an even bloodier one-- Obote's second term as president during the civil war from 1981 to 1985, when government troops carried out genocidal sweeps of the rural populace in a region that became known as the Luwero Triangle. The dramatic collapse of coherent government under Amin and his plunder of his nation's economy, followed by the even greater failure of the second Obote government in the 1980s, raised the essential question--"what went wrong?" At Uganda's independence in October 1962 there was little indication that the country was headed for disaster. On the contrary, it appeared a model of stability and potential progress. Unlike neighboring Kenya,.
Greek lexicon - agglida English = aggliko, agglika (language) America = ameriki American man = amerikanos American woman = amerikanida American = american China = kina Chinese man = kinezos Chinese woman = kineza Chinese = kineziko, kinezika (language) Germany = germania German man = germanos German woman = germanida German = germaniko, germanika (language) Russia = rossia Japan = iaponia Spain = ispania Sweden = souidia India = india (indhia) Brazil = vrazilia Australia = afstralia Turkey = tourkia mountain = vouno, oros plant = fito flower = louloudi star = astro planet = planitis Astronomy = astronomia road = dromos street = odos right = deksia left = aristera sun = ilios rock = vrahos (vrachos) old = paleos, palios old man = geros old woman = gria young man = neos.
Grace - It is only through the redemption bought by Christ's sacrifice that anyone is saved, and the path of salvation for humans lies in participating in that redemption. Indeed, some denominations of Christianity paraphrase grace as "God's Rewards At Christ's Expense" to represent this. Grace, then, is God's initiative and choice to make a path of salvation available for humans. On this, almost all Christians agree, though they may disagree on the meaning of some terms, or on which parts of the narrative of grace to emphasize. But from here out, it gets more contentious. Ideas of grace in the Hebrew Bible: While a single word rendered into English as grace is not strictly speaking present in the Hebrew Bible, a number of concepts used to describe God in Biblical-era Judaism are.
You have two cows - you become ill and have no money to pay for medical care, so you sell your cow and your bull. You starve. Capitalism - Canadian: You have two cows. The bank takes both of them, shoots one, and throws away the milk. You shoot yourself. Capitalism - Hong Kong: You have two cows. You sell three of them to your publicly listed company, using letters of credit opened by your brother-in-law at the bank, then execute a debt/equity swap with associated general offer so that you get all four cows back, with a tax deduction for keeping five cows. The milk rights of six cows are transferred via a Panamanian intermediary to a Cayman Islands company secretly owned by the majority shareholder, who sells the rights to all seven cows' milk.
Fidel Castro - Union. The Communist Party became Cuba's only legal political institution, and the nation's goverance was centered in a Politburo, led by Castro. The United States then sponsored an unsuccessful attack on Cuba. On April 17, 1961, a force of about 1,400 Cuban exiles, financed and trained by the CIA, landed in the south at the Bay of Pigs. The CIA's assumption was that the invasion would spark a popular rising against Castro. There was no rising, and what part of the invasion force made it ashore was captured while President Kennedy withdrew support at the last minute. Nine were executed in connection with this action. Then in a nationally broadcast speech on December 2 that year Castro declared that he was a Marxist-Leninist and that Cuba was going to adopt Communism..
Afghanistan timeline January 17-31, 2002 - of the 17-nation mission by the end of April. In an e-mail sent to news organizations, kidnappers of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl extended the deadline by one day for the United States to meet their demands, which included the release of Pakistani detainees captured in the war on terrorism in Afghanistan. U.S President George W. Bush met in the White House with German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. They discussed the global economy and the war on terrorism. Bush thanked Schröder for sending German peacekeeping troops to Afghanistan and for offering to help develop a new Afghan police force. Following their Oval Office meeting, Schröder said it was crucial for Afghanistan to develop its own police and military to maintain security once international peacekeepers leave. In Pakistan, fire broke out in.
