Golden mean - Golden mean zh-cn:黄金分割 The golden mean (proportio divina or sectio aurea), also called golden ratio, golden section, golden number or divine proportion, usually denoted by the Greek letter phi, is the number the unique positive real number with and the equally interesting property Two quantities are said to be in the Golden ratio, if "the whole is to the larger as the larger is to the smaller", i.e. if Equivalently, they are in the golden ratio if the ratio of the larger one to the smaller one equals the ratio of the smaller one to their difference: After simple algebraic manipulations (multiply the first equation with a/b or the second equation with (a-b)/b), both of these equations are seen to be equivalent to and hence The.
Golden mean base - Golden mean base The Golden mean (φ) can be used as a number base. It is known as the golden mean base, or colloquially, phinary (since the symbolism for the golden mean is the Greek letter "phi"). Any real number has a standard representation as a base-φ numeral in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used, and the digit sequence "11" is avoided. A nonstandard base-φ numeral with this digit sequence (or with other digits) can always be rewritten in standard form, relying on algebraic properties of the number φ -- most notably that φ+1 = φ2. For instance 11φ = 100φ. Despite using an irrational base, it is a remarkable fact that all integers have a unique representation as a terminating (or finite).
Golden Rule - Golden Rule The Golden Rule is an ethical statement which is found in many religions and philosophies. It is also called the ethic of reciprocity. In everyday speech, a golden rule is simply something which should be remembered, for example "the golden rule of beer drinking is to stop while you can still remember where you live"; "the golden rule of using computers is to save your work often". Examples Here is a short list of statements of the golden rule, in chronological order: 900-500 BCE "Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against one of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself." - Bible, The New International Version, Leviticus 19:18, Judaism. 700 BCE "That nature only is good when it shall not do.
Golden rectangle - Golden rectangle A golden rectangle is a rectangle that, when squared, keeps the same ratio for its sides. The rectangle looks like this: 1.6180339887498948... 1 See also: Golden spiral, Golden mean, Fibonacci, Fibonacci numbers,.
Doctrine of the Mean - Doctrine of the Mean The Doctrine of the Mean (中庸, py Zhongyong) is one of the Four Books, part of the confucean canonical scriptures. Like the Great Learning, it is now part of the Records of Rites. It is said to be a composition by Confucius' grandson Kong Ji (孔伋), called Zisi (子思). The purpose of this small 23 chapter book is to demonstrate the usefulness of a golden way to gain perfect virtue. If focuses on the "way" (dao, 道) that is prescribed by a heavenly mandate not only to the ruler but to everyone. To follow these heavenly instruction by learning and teaching will automatically result in a Confucian virtue. Because Heaven has laid down what is the way to perfect virtue, it is not.
Kit Williams - pictorial story book which contained clues to the find a genuine valuable golden hare buried by Williams, and witnessed by Bamber Gascoigne, "somewhere in Britain". Kit Williams said: "If I was to spend two years on the 16 paintings for Masquerade I wanted them to mean something. I recalled how, as a child, I had come across 'treasure hunts' in which the puzzles were not exciting nor the treasure worth finding. So I decided to make a real treasure, of gold, bury it in the ground and paint real puzzles to lead people to it. The key was to be Catherine of Aragon's cross at Ampthill, near Bedford, casting a shadow like the pointer of a sundial." When the book was published in 1979 the world went crazy, selling hundreds of.
Jewish principles of faith - view to some degree. On the other hand, Maimonides and most other medieval Jewish philosophers rejected the idea of a personal God. Names of God The different names of God are ways to express different aspects of God's presence in the world. See the entry on The name of God in Judaism. The Nature of God God is non-physical, non-corporeal, and eternal. A corollary belief is that God is utterly unlike man, and can in no way be considered anthropomorphic. All statements in the Hebrew Bible and in rabbinic literature which use anthropomorphism are held to be linguistic conceits or metaphors, as it would otherwise be impossible to talk about God at all. To God alone may one offer prayer Any belief that an intermediary between man and God could be.
Jewish views of religious pluralism - then goes on to say that both faiths help God redeem the world. Jesus was instrumental in changing the Torah and causing the world to err and serve another beside God. But it is beyond the human mind to fathom the designs of our Creator, for our ways are not God's ways, neither are our thoughts His. All these matters relating to Jesus of Nazareth, and the Ishmaelite (Mohammed) who came after him, only served to clear the way for the King Messiah to prepare the whole world to worship God with one accord, as it is written 'For then will I turn to the peoples a pure language, that they all call upon the name of the Lord to serve Him with one consent.' (Zephaniah 3:9). Thus the messianic hope,.
Jesus Christ as the Messiah - be released. The crowd decided that Jesus should not be released, so Pilate, attempting to placate the crowd, had Jesus scourged, and some Roman soldiers fashioned a crown out of thorns and placed it on Jesus' head. But the crowd demanded that Jesus be crucified, and Pilate relented. That same day, having carried his own cross, he was crucified on Golgotha, with a sign reading (in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek) "Jesus of Nazareth, king of the Jews" placed on the cross upon the direction of Pilate. According to the Gospel of Luke, as he was crucified, Jesus said, "Father, forgive them; they do not know what they are doing." As he hung on the cross, he was mocked by passersby, and, according to the Gospel of John, was visited by his.
Jubilee (Christian) - Jubilee, that the proclamation of the Jubilee owed its origin to the statements of certain aged pilgrims who persuaded Boniface that great indulgences had been granted to all pilgrims in Rome about a hundred years before. It is also noteworthy that in the Chronicle of Alberic of Three Fountains, under the year 1208 (not, be it noted 1200), we find this brief entry: "It is said that this year was celebrated as the fiftieth year, or the year of jubilee and remission, in the Roman Court." It is beyond all dispute that on February 22, 1300, Boniface published the Bull "Antiquorum fida relatio", in which, appealing vaguely the precedent of past ages, he declares that he grants afresh and renews certain "great remissions and indulgences for sins" which are to be.
Icosahedron - of the twelve vertices. It has 30 edges. Its dual polyhedron is the dodecahedron. Canonical coordinates for the vertices of an icosahedron centered at the origin are (0,±1,±Ï„), (±1,±Ï„,0), (±Ï„,0,±1), where Ï„ = (1+√5)/2 is the golden mean - note these form three mutually orthogonal golden rectangles. The 20 edges of an octahedron can be partitioned in the golden mean so that the resulting vertices define a regular icosahedron; the five octahedra defining any given icosahedron form a regular polyhedral compound. Many viruses, including HIV, have the shape of an icosahedron. Viruses need to be small, and the icosahedron is the regular polyhedron with largest volume per diameter. A regular polyhedron is used because it can be built from a single basic unit protein that's reused over and over again; that.
Icosidodecahedron - icosidodecahedron has icosahedral symmetry, and its first stellation is the compound of a dodecahedron and its dual icosahedron, with the vertices of the icosahedron located at the midpoints of the edges of either. Canonical coordinates for the vertices of an icosidodecahedron are the cyclic permutations of (0,0,±Ï„), (±1/2, ±Ï„/2, ±(1+Ï„)/2), where Ï„ is the Golden mean, (1+√5)/2. Its dual polyhedron is the rhombic triacontahedron. An icosidodecahedron can be split along several planes to form pentagonal rotundae, which belong among the Johnson solids. External Links The Uniform Polyhedra Virtual Reality Polyhedra The Encyclopedia of Polyhedra.
Viswanath's constant - 0.5 favouring each decision (say with a toss of a fair coin.) In a sequence, thus constructed, with a probability of 1 (i.e. with extremely rare exceptions, almost surely) the ratio of the absolute values of successive terms converges to the value of the constant, for large values of n. Explication The constant was discovered by Divakar Viswanath in 1999. Johannes Kepler had shown that for normal Fibonacci sequences, (where the randomness of the sign does not occur), the ratio of the successive numbers converged to the golden mean. Thus, for any large n, the golden mean constant raised to the power of n yields the nth term of the sequence, with astonishing accuracy. Though it seems surprising that a similar ratio could be obtained for a series of elements obtained.
History of Somalia - plantations in the south. Conditions for natives were unusually prosperous under fascist Italian rule, and the southern Somalis never violently resisted. It had become obvious then that Italy had won the horn of Africa, and Britain left upon Mussolini's insistence, with little protest. Meanwhile the French colonies had faded to obsolescence with Britain's dwindling control, and they too were abandoned. The Italians then enjoyed sole dominance of the entire East African region including Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia and parts of northern Kenya. World War II Italian hegemony of Somalia was short lived, because on the outset of WWII, Mussolini realized he would have to concentrate his resources primarily on the home front to survive the Allied onslaught. As a result the British were able to totally reconquer Somalia by 1941. During the.
History of baseball - alcoholic beverages to spectators. For several years, the National League and American Association champions met in a postseason championship series -- the first attempt at a World Series. The Union Association survived for only one season (1884), as did the Players League (1890), a fascinating attempt to return to the National Association structure of a league controlled by the players themselves. Both leagues, however, are considered major leagues by baseball researchers due to the high caliber of play (for a brief time anyway) and the number of star players featured. One competitive league, the American League, did survive. Founded in the fall of 1893 as the minor Western League, this league began play in April 1894. The teams were Detroit (the only league team that has not moved since), Grand Rapids,.
History of discovery and distribution of the remains of Aegean civilization - and the decoration of the Mycenaean objects was not that of any well-known art. A wide range in space was proved by the identification of the Inselsteine and the Ialysus vases with the new style, and a wide range in time by collation of the earlier Theraean and Hissarlik discoveries. A relation between objects of art described by Homer and the Mycenaean treasure was generally allowed, and a correct opinion prevailed that, while certainly posterior, the civilization of the Iliad was reminiscent of the Mycenaean. Schliemann got to work again at Hissarlik in 1878, and greatly increased our knowledge of the lower strata, but did not recognize the Aegean remains in his "Lydian" city of the sixth stratum, which were not to be fully revealed till Dr W. Dorpfeld resumed the.
History of the halfpenny - in Elizabeth I's fifth and sixth coinage issues (1582-1600, and 1601-1602). Because of their small size, they did not have the queen's effigy or any legends on them, but instead had a portcullis on the obverse and a cross on the reverse. Sixth issue coins also had a mintmark on the obverse, "1" for 1601, and "2" for 1602. 17th century silver halfpennies When James I ascended the throne in 1603, for the first couple of years halfpennies were produced in the same style as Elizabeth I's sixth issue, though with a thistle or lis mintmark. From 1604 onwards, there was a completely different style of coin of a rose on the obverse and a thistle on the reverse. Surprisingly, considering the huge variety of coins of other denominations produced during.
History of Crime Fiction - Crime fiction in history 1.1 Description of crimes and detectives 1.2 The "Locked Room" mysteries 1.3 Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson mysteries 1.4 The Golden Age - Development by later writers 1.5 Hard boiled American crime fiction writing 2 Modern crime writing 2.6 A shift from plot-driven themes to character analysis 2.7 Crime fiction in specific themes 2.8 Feminist crime fiction 2.9 Police investigation themes Crime fiction in history It was only after 1900, that novels and stories depicting crime and its consequences came to be recognised as a distinct literary genre, and spawned specialist writers. The earlier novels and stories were typically devoid of systematic attempts at detection: There was no private detective, whether amateur or professional, trying to figure out how and by whom a particular crime was committed;.
Horace - Horace's surviving work includes: Four books of Odes, longer poems, usually on mythological subjects; A book of Epodes, containing shorter poems; Two books of Satires, and Two books of Letters or Epistles, and The Carmen Sæculare. One of the Epistles is often referred to as a separate work in itself, the Ars Poetica. (This work was first translated into English by Queen Elizabeth I.) Horace is generally considered by classicists to be, along with Virgil, the greatest of the Latin poets. He wrote many Latin phrases that remain in use, in Latin or in translation, including carpe diem, "seize the day," and aurea mediocritas, the "golden mean." His works are highly derivative of Greek models, and written exclusively in Greek metres which were sometimes a difficult fit to Latin structure and.
Hundred Schools of Thought - Autumn Period and Warring States Period in China -- the "Golden Age" of China, also known as "The Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought" (百家爭鳴). This title comes from the so many different philosophies developed during this time. From the Hundred Schools of Thought came many of the great classical writings on which Chinese practices were to be based for the next two and one-half millennia. Many of the thinkers were itinerant intellectuals who, besides teaching their disciples, were employed as advisers to one or another of the various state rulers on the methods of government, war, and diplomacy. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Confucianism and its descendant schools 2 Other schools 3 Confucianist Legalism 4 Taoism 5 School of Yin-yang 6 Mohism 7 Logicians, Sophists and Hedonist 8 School.
