Government and Binding - Government and Binding Government and Binding is a linguistic theory of syntax which was developed mainly by Noam Chomsky (1981, 1982, 1986). This theory continues on from his earlier transformational grammar (1957, 1965) and was later revised by Chomsky's new theory: The Minimalist Program (1993). GB tries to explain a universal grammar theory (UG), which describes all languages. It is somewhat of a misnomer as Government and Binding theories only form a small part of the whole - it is also known, more appropriately, as Principles and Parameters. Books Noam Chomsky, "Lectures on Government and Binding" Liliane Haegeman, "Introduction to Government and Binding", 2nd Ed. 1994 Blackwell..
Foot binding - Foot binding Foot binding (纏足, 包腳, 裹小腳, or 紮腳) is the no longer practiced Chinese custom, formerly considered aesthetic, of reducing the size of women's feet by use of tight bandage wrappings. This practice lasted from the 10th century to 1911, when it was banned by the new Republic of China government. The practice of foot binding began during the Song Dynasty (960-976), reportedly to imitate an imperial concubine who was required to dance with her feet bound. By the 12th century, the practice was widespread and more severe -- girls's feet were bound so tightly and early in life that they were unable to dance and had difficulty walking. As only rich people could afford having nonproductive girls, foot binding was viewed as a show of.
James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 10th Earl of Dalhousie - on the side of Sir Robert Peel, and, after the failure of Lord John Russell to form a ministry he resumed his post at the board of trade, entering the cabinet on the retirement of Lord Stanley. When Peel resigned office in June 1846, Lord John offered Dalhousie a seat in the cabinet, an offer which he declined from a fear that acceptance might involve the loss of public character. Another attempt to secure his services in the appointment of president of the railway board was equally unsuccessful; but in 1847 he accepted the post of Governor-General of India in succession to Lord Hardinge, on the understanding that he was to be left in entire and unquestioned possession of his own personal independence with reference to party politics. Governor-General of India.
Jewish principles of faith - consonance with the Jewish faith. However, unlike most Christian denominations, the Jewish community has never developed any one binding catechism. A number of formulations of Jewish beliefs have appeared, most of which have much in common with each other, but differ in certain details. A comparison of several such formulations demonstrates a wide array of tolerance for varying theological perspectives. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Jewish principles of faith 1.1 Monotheism 1.2 God is One 1.3 God is all powerful 1.4 God is personal, and cares about humanity 1.5 Names of God 1.6 The Nature of God 1.7 To God alone may one offer prayer 1.8 Scripture 1.9 The words of the prophets are true 1.10 The status of Moses 1.11 The Torah and Jewish Denominations 1.12 Holy Books 1.13 Reward.
Jim Bolger - Brendan "Jim" Bolger (born 31 May 1935) was Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. Bolger's National government continued the economic and social reforms of the previous Labour government, with Finance Minister Ruth Richardson implementing drastic cuts in public spending, particularly in health and welfare. However, it continued the previous Labour government's anti-nuclear policy. In spite of his party's opposition, Bolger held a referendum on whether or not New Zealand should change from the British style electoral system of 'first past the post' to one of proportional representation. In 1992, New Zealanders voted to change to the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) system. This was confirmed in a binding referendum held at the same time as the 1993 general election, which National won. Bolger had originally proposed a return to.
John Wyclif - Ludgershall in Buckinghamshire, not far from Oxford, which enabled him to retain his connection with the university. Six years later (1374) he received the crown living of Lutterworth in Leicestershire, which he retained till his death. He had already resigned a prebend in Westbury because it was contrary to his convictions to hold more positions than those in which he could personally exercise the cure of souls. Bases of his Reformatory Activities It was not as a teacher or preacher that Wyclif gained his position in history; this came from his activities in ecclesiastical politics, in which he engaged about the mid-1370s, when his reformatory work also began. In 1374 he was among the English delegates at a peace congress at Bruges. He may have been given this position because of.
Julian H.G. Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy - command of the 3rd British Army where he conducted the first surprise attack using tanks at Cambrai, considered a turning point in the war. For these services he was promoted to the rank of general, and after the war was raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Byng of Vimy and Thorpe-le-Soken, in Essex, on October 7, 1919. He was appointed Governor General on August 2, 1921. He was very popular in Canada, and during his travels across the country throughout his term of office, he was enthusiastically greeted by the men he had led. Byng as Governor General Lord Byng's appointment was less controversial than that of his predecessor, the Duke of Devonshire. This was partly due to his popularity but also because he was appointed following direct consultation with.
Implied Bill of Rights - there was a bill of rights implicit in the Constitution. Some constitutional scholars focus on the preamble of the Constitution Act, 1867 as providing the underlying reasons for an implied bill of rights in the British North America Act, 1867. The relevant part of the preamble reads: Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom [...] Some authors have taken the view that the words "similar in principle" means that in Canada there must be a parliamentary system of government, acting under the influence of public opinion, of a free press, with free speech..
International Criminal Court - until after the Cold War ended. In response to the wars in the Former Yugoslavia, and the genocide in Rwanda, the United Nations Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Development of the ICC Subsequently, it was desired to create a permanent tribunal, so that an ad hoc tribunal would not have to be created after each occurrence of these crimes. Therefore the General Assembly requested the ILC to update its earlier proposal, which it then presented to the General Assembly. The General Assembly called the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, in Rome, Italy, where the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted, July 17, 1998. Almost all states.
Ireland Declaration of Independence - the threshold of a new era ni history the Irish electorate has in the General Election of December, 1918, seized the first occasion to declare by an overwhelming majority its firm allegiance to the Irish Republic: Now, therefore, we, the elected Representatives of the ancient Irish people in National Parliament assembled, do, in the name of the Irish nation, ratify the establishment of the Irish Republic and pledge ourselves and our people to make this declaration effective by every means at our command: We ordain that the elected Representatives of the Irish people alone have the power to make laws binding on th people of Ireland, and that the Irish Parliament is the only Parliament to which that people will give its allegiance: We solemnly declare foreign government in Ireland to.
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties - necessary gap-filling and clarifications. Most states are parties to it. However, even those that are not may still recognize it as binding upon them in as much as it is a restatement of already existing law (the United States is among these). The complete text of the Vienna Convention follows. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties The States Parties to the present Convention, Considering the fundamental role of treaties in the history of international relations, Recognizing the ever-increasing importance of treaties as a source of international law and as a means of developing peaceful co-operation among nations, whatever their constitutional and social systems, Noting that the principles of free consent and of good faith and the pacta sunt servanda rule are universally recognized, Affirming that disputes concerning treaties, like other.
Israeli security barrier - Jordan. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Official Purpose 2 Structure and Timeline 3 Reaction 3.1 Pro 3.2 Con 4 See also 5 External Links Official Purpose The Israeli government says the purpose of the security barrier is to prevent terrorists from entering Israeli cities, a problem which has plagued Israel since the start of the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Its secondary purpose is to prevent illegal infilitrations of Palestinians, mainly illegal immigrants and car thieves. Political commentators have suggested a wide variety of other explanations. Structure and Timeline The barrier is a combination of fence, wall, various earthworks and security apparatus. Only small parts of the fence are made of concrete wall - 8 miles around Qalqiliya and around Jerusalem - where shooting attacks toward Israelis have occured. As of November 2003, the.
Head of State - world: une certaine idée de la France. In a monarchy, the monarch is the head of state. In a republic, the head of state is usually called president, though some leaders have assumed other titles (some used "Head of State" as their only formal title). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Roles of a Head of State 2 The Head of State and the Government 3 Symbolic role 4 Selection of Heads of State 4..1 Governors-General 4.1 Statistics 5 Other Information Roles of a Head of State Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta President of the Third French Republic (1875-1879) controversially dissolved parliament in 1877. In practical terms, heads of state fulfil a number of criteria; Chief Diplomatic Officer: He or she accredits his or her country's ambassadors, though sending formal Letters of.
History of Israel - by contrast, were intent on seeing it primarily as an ethnic group -- many of the Zionists had rejected Judaism, but still viewed themselves as in some sense "Jewish". Many Hasidim and other ultra-Orthodox Jews believed that any attempt to return to Israel before the coming of the Messiah was sacriligeous. The Lubavitcher Rebbes, for instance, were anti-Zionist. Conservative Judaism, which in the 1800s was more of a scholarly school of thought than a formal denomination, has always been Zionist. Since the Holocaust, however, Judaism has become overwhelmingly Zionist. Today all of Reform, Conservative and Modern Orthodoxy is staunchly Zionist; and even the Haredi (ultra-Orthodox Jews) have changed from anti-Zionism (active opposition to Zionism) to non-Zionism (neutrality towards Zionism.) Secular non-Zionist Jewish movements no longer exist. It was not until the.
History of Bahrain - Indus Valley as long as 5,000 years ago. Since the late 18th century, Bahrain has been governed by the Al Khalifa family, which created close ties to Britain by signing the General Treaty of Peace in 1820. A binding treaty of protection, known as the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship, was concluded in 1861 and further revised in 1892 and 1951. This treaty was similar to those entered into by the British Government with the other Persian Gulf principalities. It specified that the ruler could not dispose of any of his territory except to the United Kingdom and could not enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the United Kingdom without British consent. The British promised to protect Bahrain from all aggression by sea and to lend support.
History of Barbados - settlers. Some of the displaced farmers relocated to British colonies in North America. To work the plantations, slaves were brought from Africa; the slave trade ceased a few years before the abolition of slavery throughout the British empire in 1834. Local politics were dominated by plantation owners and merchants of British descent. It was not until the 1930s that a movement for political rights was begun by the descendants of emancipated slaves. One of the leaders of this movement, Sir Grantley Adams, founded the Barbados Labor Party in 1938. Progress toward more democratic government for Barbados was made in 1951, when universal adult suffrage was introduced. This was followed by steps toward increased self-government, and in 1961, Barbados achieved internal autonomy. From 1958 to 1962, Barbados was one of 10 members.
History of Swaziland - Regent Lobatsibeni, Sobhuza II became Ngwenyama (lion) or head of the Swazi nation. In the early years of colonial rule, the British expected that Swaziland would eventually be incorporated into South Africa. After World War II, however, South Africa's intensification of racial discrimination induced the United Kingdom to prepare Swaziland for independence. Political activity intensified in the early 1960s. Several political parties were formed and jostled for independence and economic development. The largely urban parties had few ties to the rural areas, where the majority of Swazis lived. The traditional Swazi leaders, including King Sobhuza II and his Inner Council, formed the Imbokodvo National Movement (INM), a political group that capitalized on its close identification with the Swazi way of life. Responding to pressure for political change, the colonial government scheduled.
History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union - Pogroms were only official state policy under this tsar and his son, Nicholas II. Lenin, reacting against the history of anti-Semitism in the later years of the Russian Empire, sought to explain the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in Marxist terms. According to Lenin, anti-Semitism was an "attempt to divert the hatred of the workers and peasants from the exploiters toward the Jews." Linking anti-Semitism to class struggle, he argued that it was merely a political technique used by the tsar to exploit religious fanaticism, popularize the despotic, unpopular regime, and divert popular anger toward a scapegoat. The Soviet Union also maintained this Marxist-Leninist interpretation under Stalin despite the widely publicized hardships of Jewish intellectuals during the Great Purges. Stalin later expounded Lenin's critique of anti-Semitism, calling it "an extreme form of race.
History of the United States (1865-1918) - States Expansionism 3 The Progressive Era: The Presidencies of Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson 3.4 Roots of Progressivism and the Progressive Presidencies 4 World War I 5 Related Topics The Aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction The destructiveness of the Union invasion and defeat of the South, followed by exploitive economic policies in the defeated region after the war, caused lasting bitterness among Southerners toward the U.S. government. This failure of the Federal government to effectively reunite the country contributed to the government's failure for many decades to enforce the Civil Rights of the formerly enslaved African-Americans in the South. Reconstruction was the period after the American Civil War when the southern states of the defeated Confederacy, which had seceded from the United States, were reintegrated into the Union. Abraham Lincoln.
History of Ottoman Egypt - which both the army and the ecclesiastical authorities were represented, to aid the pasha by their deliberations. Six regiments were constituted by the conqueror Selim for the protection of Egypt; to these Suleiman added a seventh, of Circassians. It was the practice of the Sublime Porte to change the governor of Egypt at very short intervals, after a year or even some months. The third governor, Abmad Pasha, hearing that orders for this execution had come from Constantinople, endeavoured to make himself an independent ruler and had coins struck in his own name. His schemes were frustrated by two of the amirs whom he had imprisoned and who, escaping from their confinement, attacked him in his bath and killed him. In 1527 the first survey of Egypt under the Ottomans was.
